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Casing and Cementing Hardware
Casing and Cementing Hardware
Float Collars
A float collar is a one way valve placed at one or two joints above the shoe. The float collar provides the same
functions as a float shoe by preventing fluid back flow into the casing: mud backflow during running in hole and
cement slurry backflow after cement displacement.The distance between the shoe and float collar is called Shoe
Track. The float valve can either be a ball type or a flapper, Figure 6.3. Flapper type valves are normally used
where a small hydrostatic pressure difference is expected, providing a better seal than a ball type valve.
Cement Plugs
The main functions of cement plugs are, Figure 6.5:
Separate mud from cement
Wipe the casing from mud before cement is pumped and then wipe casing from th cement film after the complete
volume of cement is pumped.
Prevent over-displacement of cement
Give surface indication that cement placement is complete
Allow the casing to be pressure tested
In effect, the cement plugs act as barriers between mud and cement providing physical separation between the
two fluids. Bad cement jobs, especially around the casing shoe, result
from cement contaminated with mud.
Multi-Stage Collar
A multi-stage collar (or DV tool) is used to allow the casing to be cemented in two stages to prevent weak
formations being subjected to excessive hydrostatic pressure of long cement columns.The tool is actually a small
section of casing with the same strength properties as the remaining string. The tool has two internal sleeves and
openings which are covered by the lower sleeve,Figure 6.6. The lower sleeve is opened by dropping a bomb
which pushes the sleeve down and uncovers the holes. This allows the cement to be pumped through the casing
and the holes in the stage collar and placed around the casing. When the required volume of cement is pumped,
the holes are closed by dropping a closing plug which pushes an upper sleeve downward to cover the holes in the
stage collar.