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Main Characteristics of Algae - Plant Science 4 U
Main Characteristics of Algae - Plant Science 4 U
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MaincharacteristicsofAlgae
Algae
Algae are simple, chlorophyll bearing and photosynthetic non vascular plants whose body is a simple
Bryophytes
thalluswithoutdifferentiationintoroots,stemsandleaves.Thereareabout35000speciesofalgae.They
Pteridophytes
include planktons, pond scums, stone worts, sea weeds, sea lettuce etc. Phycology is the branch in
Gymnosperms
botanywhichdealswiththestudyofalgae.
Lichen
Mycorrhizae
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Main
characteristicsof
Algae
Classificationof
AlgaebyFritsch
Permanent
TissuesinPlants
General
Characteristicsof
Gymnosperms
CharacteristicsofAlgae
Body is a relatively simple simple unicellular or multicellular thallus, not differentiated into roots,
TypesofStomata
inPlants
stemsandleaves.
Unicellularthallusmaybenonmotile,rhizopodialorcoccoid.
Multicellularthallusmaybecolonial,palmelloid,dendroid,filametoussiphonousandsoon.
Algae cells exhibit three levels of organization, namely prokaryotic (eg: Myxophyceae),
mesokaryotic(eg:Dinophyceae)andeukaryotic(othergroups).
Cellsarecoveredbyarigidcellulosecellwall.
Cells contain plastids and three classes of pigments, namely chlrophyll(a, b, c,d, and e),
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caroteneoids(alpha,beta,gammaandthethetacarotenes,lycopene,leutin,flvicine,fucoxanthin,
violaxanthin, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, myxoxanthin), and phycobilins or biliproteins(phycocyanin,
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phycoerythrin,allophycocyanin).
Thereservefoodincludesmostlystarchandoils(inChlorophyceaestarchinXanthophyceaeand
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parenchymacells.
Presence of holdfast, stipe and lamina. Holdfast is for attachment, stipe forms the axis, and
laminaservesastheleaflikephotosyntheticpart.
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Algaeflagellahavetypical9+2patternofarrangementofmicrotubules.
Reproductionoccursbyvegetative,asexualandsexualmethods
Vegetativereproductionisbyfragmentation,hormogonia,akinetesetc.
Asexual reproduction is by motile zoospores, or by non motile apalnospores, autospores,
hypnospores,exospores,endospores,carpsosporesetc.Sporesareproducedinsporangia.
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Sexualreproductionmaybeisogamous,anisogamousoroogamous.Oogamousspeciespossess
antheridiaandoogonia.
Sexorgansareusuallyunicellularandnonjacketedmulticellularsexorgansarerareandinthem
eachcellisfertilewithoutajacketofsterilecells.
Embryoisnotformedaftergameticfusion.
Inmostgeneratheonlydiploidstageinthelifecycleisthezygote,whichimmediatelyundergoes
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meiosis.
Sporophytic and gametophytic genetations, which present in the life cycle, are independent. So,
thereisnoalgawithasporophyteparasiticongametophyte.
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Labels:Algae,CharacteristicsofAlgae
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