ECE 432/51200 Spring2015

Constantin Apostoaia

Power-Flow Problem
Design Project1
A final (Word document) written report should be submitted before or on the following
Design Project due date: April 01, 2015
For the nine-bus power system shown in Fig.1, comprising three-generators, three-transformers, eighttransmission lines, and four-loads, consider the following design requirements.
Design Input Data
A. Bus Input Data
Consider Sbase= 100 MVA, Vbase = 16.5 kV at bus 1, Vbase = 18 kV at bus 2, Vbase = 13.8 kV at bus 3.
The line-to-line voltages are 230 kV base, 60 Hz at busses 4 through 9.
Bus 1 to which a generator is connected is the slack bus. Buses 2 and 3, to which generators are
connected, are voltage-controlled (or PV buses). Buses 4 through 9 are load (or PQ) buses. The Table
1 summarizes the power-flow bus input data. The last column of Unknowns must be completed by
you in literal form, for each of the nine buses.
Table 1 Bus input data and unknowns

Bus

Type

1
4
5
6
7
8
9
2
3

Slack
Load
Load
Load
Load
Load
Load
Constant voltage
Constant voltage

V
pu
1.0
1.025
1.025

Unknowns
0.0
-

pu
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.63
0.85

pu
0
0
0
0
0
0
-

pu
99.0
99.0

pu
-99.0
-99.0

pu
0
0
1.25
0.90
0
1.00
0.20
0
0

pu
0
0
0.5
0.3
0
0.35
0
0
0.25

B. Transformer Input Data

The transformer data summarized in Table 2 include per-unit winding impedances and exciting branch
admittances.
Table 2 Transformer input data

Bus-to-Bus
1-4
2-7
3-9

R
pu
0.0
0.0
0.0

MVA
pu
0.05760
0.06250
0.05860

pu
0.0
0.0
0.0

pu
0.0
0.0
0.0

pu

ECE 432/51200 Spring2015

Constantin Apostoaia

Fig.1 Single-line diagram of the power system

C. 230 kV Transmission Lines Input Data

The specified data for all transmission lines (ask your instructor) are

Tower data: height of all conductors, spacing between phases, and the lines of the transmission
system are transposed.
Conductor Data: conductor name, radius and DC resistance, sag of all conductors, two bundle
conductors.
Ground Wires Data: ground wires name, radius and DC resistance, sag of all ground wires,
spacing between ground wires, height of ground wires above conductors.

The line data include a maximum 12.0 per-unit MVA rating, for all eight lines.
2

ECE 432/51200 Spring2015

Constantin Apostoaia

Do the following for the power system design project:

I.

Determine the actual values of the resistance, inductance, and capacitance of each transmission
line using PSCAD/EMTDC. Then, calculate the per-unit (pu) line parameters (R, X, G, and B),
present the results in a table format, and use them to determine the series impedance and shunt
admittance of the lines (pi) models.

II.

Determine the bus admittance matrix YBUS, calculate the power flow on the buses and
transmission lines, and solve the network for the unknown voltage magnitudes and phase angles
using PowerWorld.

III.

Insert a second line between bus 6 and bus 4 with identical line parameters of the existing line.
Determine the new line's effect on V4, the line loadings, and on the total real power losses.

IV.

Determine the lowest per-unit voltage and the maximum line/transformer loading both for the
initial case and for the case with the line from bus 7 to bus 5 out of service.

V.

Determine the acceptable generation range at bus 3, keeping each line and transformer loaded at
or below 100% of its MVA limit, and write your comments in the report.

VI.

Determine the effect of adding a 200 MVAR shunt capacitor bank at bus 8 on the power system
in Fig.1 and write your comments in the report. Find the MVAR rating of the shunt capacitor
bank that establishes V8 at 1.0 pu.

VII.

Open one of the transformers and open one of the transmission lines. This results in overloading
the other transformers. Redispatch the generators in order to remove the overload.

VIII.

The transformer between busses 1 and 4 is now a tap-changing transformer with a tap range
between 0.9 and 1.1, a step size of 0.00625, and the tap is on the high voltage side of the
transformer. As the tap is varied between 0.975 and 1.1, make your comments about the variation
in the reactive power output of generator 1, voltages V4 and V5, and the total real power losses.

Extracredit: Use MATLAB to confirm YBUS, the Jacobian matrix for the power system, and apply
Newton-Raphson method to find the power flow solution.