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PV MPPT Fuzzy Logic
PV MPPT Fuzzy Logic
Research Article
Photovoltaic System Modeling with Fuzzy Logic Based
Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm
Hasan Mahamudul, Mekhilef Saad, and Metselaar Ibrahim Henk
Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50670 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Correspondence should be addressed to Hasan Mahamudul; hasan 041097@yahoo.com
Received 15 April 2013; Accepted 15 June 2013
Academic Editor: Jun-Ho Yum
Copyright 2013 Hasan Mahamudul et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
This paper represents a novel modeling technique of PV module with a fuzzy logic based MPPT algorithm and boost converter
in Simulink environment. The prime contributions of this work are simplification of PV modeling technique and implementation
of fuzzy based MPPT system to track maximum power efficiently. The main highlighted points of this paper are to demonstrate
the precise control of the duty cycle with respect to various atmospheric conditions, illustration of PV characteristic curves, and
operation analysis of the converter. The proposed system has been applied for three different PV modules SOLKAR 36 W, BP MSX
60 W, and KC85T 87 W. Finally the resultant data has been compared with the theoretical prediction and company specified value
to ensure the validity of the system.
1. Introduction
At present, efficient generation of green energy is the prime
challenge for the researcher of this field. With the explosion of
world population and rapid industrialization, energy demand
is increasing drastically. But the natural sources of energy
like coal, oil, and natural gas are limited. As a result, the
only way to overcome the challenge is the development of
renewable and inexhaustible energy. Among the renewable
sources, solar energy is the pioneer. The features such as
nontoxic, harmless, inexhaustible, and carbon dioxide emission free conversion have made this topic very interesting.
But the energy conversion efficiency of solar system has not
reached a satisfactory level yet, so the researches in this field
continue. The recent trends on which research concentrates
most are fabrication of effective PV cell, modification of
cell arrangement and array configuration, implementation
of maximum power point tracking algorithm, and so forth.
Among the aforementioned, technology application of MPPT
technique is the most popular because it improves the PV
efficiency significantly. But the initial installment cost of a
PV system with MPPT technique is very high. So, it is very
important to carry out a reliable simulation before going for
practical implementation [110].
2. Modeling of PV Module in
Simulink Platform
The PV module is a combination of solar cells which is
basically a photoactive semiconductor P-N junction diode.
The PV cell absorbs solar energy and converts it into electricity. Different configurations of PV cell can be used to
illustrate the - curves such as single diode model, two
diode model, and - model. But among them due to
degree of accuracy and simplicity single diode model has
been used in a number of previous works. For this reason, the
single diode configuration of PV module has been selected
for this work. Figure 1 represents the circuit configuration of
a PV cell [24, 25].
2.1. Necessary Mathematical Equations Related to PV Modeling. The - curves of a PV module can be expressed
using some nonlinear exponential mathematical equations.
These equations are mostly related to diode characteristics.
A comprehensive discussion of PV characteristics has been
given in [26, 27].
For the PV output current, pv , one has
pv = ph
[exp {
(pv + pv )
} 1] .
(1)
Rs
Iph
Diode
Io
Rp
Ideal PV cell
= rs [
3
] exp [
].
{1/ 1/}
(2)
scr
.
[exp (oc / ) 1]
(3)
ph = [scr + ( )]
.
1000
(4)
(5)
1
T
Add
Matlab
function
273
Sub
Product
Ipv
For Iph
2
Np
0.1 Gain
Constant
(Q)
Product
Matlab
function
Add
For Irs
Math
function
(eu )
Ppv
Product
3
S
Matlab
function
Product
Sub
4
Ns
Product
For Io
Constant
(1)
Matlab
function
Divide
For Co
3
Vpv
Vin
Ipv display
Variable irradiations
Temperature
Np
Ns
36
Ipv
PV module
25
Vin
Vpv
V-I scope
Vpv display
Ppv
Vin
Ppv display
P-V plot
1000 W/m2
2.5
1000 W/m2
60
500 W/m2
P (W)
I (A)
40
20
100 W/m2
0.5
500 W/m2
30
100 W/m2
10
10
V (V)
15
20
15
20
V-I plot
P-V plot
I (A)
1000 W/m
500 W/m2
20
1000 W/m2
40
P (W)
10
V (V)
500 W/m2
100 W/m2
100 W/m2
10
10
V (V)
15
20
10
V (V)
15
20
P-V plot
V-I plot
1000 W/m2
90
1000 W/m2
3.5
P (W)
I (A)
80
500 W/m2
500 W/m2
70
50
100 W/m2
10
15
100 W/m2
20
20
V (V)
10
V (V)
15
20
Initialize
with PV
input current
and voltage
5
Set up of
membership
function for
fuzzy
variables
Calculation
of error and
change of
error signal
Calculation
of duty
cycle
Setting of
fuzzy rules
1
Ipv
Subsystem for
generation of error (E)
and change of
error (CE)
2
Vpv
1
d
Fuzzy logic controller
Figure 11: The external block view of the fuzzy logic algorithm.
NB
NM
NS
ZE
PS
PM
181
NB
1
PB
NM
NS
ZE
PB
0.5
0.5
0
0
0.6
0.3
0
0.3
Input variable error
0.6
+ =
=
,
Plot points
1 NB
NM
NS
ZE
PS
181
PM
PB
0.5
0
0.1
CE () = () ( 1) ,
= () ( 1) ,
0
3
3
Input variable error change
0.4
0.7
(6)
= () ( 1) ,
= () ( 1) .
3.1. Simulink Block View of the Fuzzy MPPT. Figure 11 shows
the block view of the fuzzy logic algorithm in Simulink
window.
3.2. Membership Functions and Rule Settings of Fuzzy MPPT
Algorithm
3.2.1. Membership Function. For this work, triangular shaped
membership function has been chosen. The range of the
signal has been selected by checking the oscillation of each
signal. Figures 12, 13, and 14 represent the graphical view of
NB
NM
NS
ZE
PS
PM
PB
IL
+
NB
NM
NS
CE
ZE
PS
PM
PB
ZE
ZE
NS
NM
PM
PM
PB
ZE
ZE
ZE
NS
PS
PM
PB
ZE
ZE
ZE
ZE
PS
PM
PB
NB
NM
NS
ZE
PS
ZE
ZE
NB
NM
NS
ZE
ZE
ZE
ZE
NB
NM
NS
PS
ZE
ZE
ZE
NB
NM
NS
PM
ZE
ZE
ZE
Vo
D
VL
S
Vg +
0.7
0.6
Duty cycle
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
5
0
5
Error change
0.2
0.4
0.6
Error
0.8
1
=
.
(7)
The rest of the necessary equations related to the designing are listed below as follows:
inductor ripple current (peak to peak), = (
)/( );
capacitor ripple voltage (peak to peak), = (
)/( );
critical value of inductor necessary for the continuous
conducting mode, = (1 2 )/2 ;
Current measurement
i
+V +
Number of
series cells
Current measurement
Diode
i
+
290 H
D
PWM
generator G
Np
35
S
Variable irradiations
Ns
Ns
PV module
250 f
Temperature
330 f
Voltage
measure
+
Np
Number of
parallel cells
Input current
Output power display
Duty cycle
Input voltage
Duty cycle scope
25 C temp.
current
voltage
power
(max )
(max )
(max )
1000 W/m2
800 W/m2
500 W/m2
300 W/m2
1.029
0.932
0.624
0.3754
1.739
1.48
0.9399
0.5642
33.04
28.11
17.86
10.72
1000 W/m2
Variable irradiation
57.45
41.6
16.79
6.048
34.238
27.44
17.53
10.42
86.52
57.92
23.63
8.532
1
Duty cycle (d)
1000
S (W/m2 )
37.02
30.4
13.64
4.93
36
32.6
21.85
13.14
BP MSX-60 W PV module
Maximum Maximum Maximum
current
voltage
power
(max )
(max )
(max )
700
Variation in
duty cycle
0.5
400 W/m 2
400
0.1
0.05
0.15
0.2
Time (s)
0.06
0.16
0.2
Time (s)
Parameter
Maximum rated power (max )
Maximum voltage (mp )
Maximum current (mp )
Open-circuit voltage (oc )
Short-circuit current (scr )
SOLKAR 36 W
37.08 W
16.56 V
2.25 A
21.24 V
2.55 A
BP MSX 60 W
58 W
17.1 V
3.5 A
21.1 V
3.8 A
KC85T 87 W
87 W
17.4 V
5.02 A
21.7 V
5.34 A
BP MSX 60 W
60
1000 W/m
1000
Variable irradiation
S (W/m2 )
P (W)
800 W/m
58 W
40
30
0.05
700
V (V)
0.05
0.15
0.05
I (A)
P (W)
0.2
0.15
0.2
2
1
0.05
37 W
0.1
Time (s)
30
20
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Time (s)
SOLKAR 36 W
40
V (V)
0.1
Time (s)
BP MSX 60 W
0.5
SOLKAR 36 W
25
15
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Time (s)
6. Conclusion
SOLKAR 36 W
1.5
I (A)
0.15
15
Time (s)
40
0.2
25
0.2
0.15
Time (s)
BP MSX 60 W
40
400
0.1
0.5
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Time (s)
KC85T 87 W
P (W)
90
87 W
50
30
0.05
V (V)
40
0.1
Time (s)
KC85T 87 W
0.15
0.2
15
0.1
Acknowledgments
25
0.05
:
:
:
:
:
:
oc :
0.15
0.2
Time (s)
References
KC85T 87 W
I (A)
3
2
1
0.05
0.1
Time (s)
0.15
0.2
representation with respect to various environmental conditions demonstrates the tracking capability and dynamic
response of the system with precise control of the duty cycle.
So, it can be concluded that application of this system will
enhance the PV system efficiency with a significant reduction
in system cost. Not only that, this model can also be used
as a fundamental stage for a grid connected PV plant, solar
pumping system, and smart grid PV interconnection system.
Nomenclature
pv :
:
ph :
10
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
[27]
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