SATELLITE IMAGES FOR

SURVEILLANC, SECURITY &

EMERGENCY MANGAMENT

OVERVIEW
This project will enable government or companies to manage satellite
imaging
g g technology
gy for surveillance and security
y missions:
Sabotage
Population
The main application described will help to fight against pipelines &
terrorist sabotages. However, many others will be pointed.
This proposal includes all necessary elements to get complete
independence (facilities, own technology, training,...).

SATELLITE IMAGE TECHNOLOGY

APPLICATIONS
SATELLITE IMAGES / VIDEO FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY
FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY
Text

SATELLITE IMAGE TECHNOLOGY

STAGE 1

Image from satellite

STAGE 2

Data collecting and preprocessing

g

STAGE 3

Analyzing. Layer structure

STAGE 4

Prevention and countermeasure

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY, 2011

STAGE 1: IMAGE FROM SATELLITES

There are two alternatives to get the source images:

1
1.

Buying them to satellite images distributors.

distributors

2.

Receiving them directly with hardware equipment (antenna

systems).
Itt is
s necessary
ecessa y to se
select
ect so
some
e tec
technical
ca
specs to get successful information from
satellites:
The most suitable satellite/s.
The image sensor.
The frequency range.
The
The desired resolution.
resol tion
The size of area inspected.
The delay between two consecutives images.
Day/night conditions.
Color or black and white images.

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

STAGE 2: DATA COLLECTING AND

PREPROCESSING
Before processing the image to analyze the
results and reaching conclusions, there are
several issues to consider:
1.The preprocessing level. Distortions
caused by the sensors sensibilities must be
radio-metrically corrected.
2.Distortions caused by
y relief must be
ortho-rectified.
3.Image
must
be
compared
cartography to get accurate results.

with

4.The format file must be suitable to analyze

th images.
the
i

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

STAGE 3: ANALYZING.
LAYER STRUCTURE

A lot of aspects will be analyzed for each case.

Sorting out every aspect
aspect, a layer will be
obtained.
Every layer will have an influence depending on
the cause relationship with the threat.
Combining
g all the influence, a risk map
p will be
worked out

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

STAGE 4: PREVENTION AND

COUNTERMEASURES
There must be a very closed plan to involve as many authorities groups as
possible to react together
p
g
against
g
threats. That includes army,
y, p
policy,
y, security
y
management, civilian protection, fire department, The most accurate the plan
is, the fastest and most effective reaction will be possible.
CONCEPT:
1.
Getting images.
2.
Detecting threats.
3.
Alerting the authorities.
4.
Acting to avoid or mitigate damages.
SECURITY COUNTERMEASURES WILL HELP TO:
TO
1.
Mitigate causalities.
2.
Minimize damages to the corporate infrastructure.
3.
Restoring services at the earliest time possible after a security related
incident.
SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY
FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

APPLICATIONS

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

PIPELINE SABOTAGES (I)

A very important security problem is terrorism. There are many

ki d off terrorism.
kinds
t
i
O
One
off the
th mostt common type
t
which
hi h is
i taken
t k
place in Iraq in last years is PIPELINE SABOTAGES.
Then there is a study to show
how satellite images can help to
prevent
pipeline
sabotages
sabotages.
However this study can be
applied to most of the terrorism
ways.
ways
Finally, many other applications
of this technology will be include.

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

PIPELINE SABOTAGES (II)

The Iraqi
q p
pipeline
p
network has
suffered many attacks in the
last few years.
It has become in one of the
main objectives to terrorist
groups.
The starting point is knowing
perfectly the pipeline map and
its features.

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

PIPELINE SABOTAGES (III)

Accessing
g to a database
registering pipelines sabotages
helps to create patterns.
If we are able to detect some
common
factors
in
the
sabotages, we will be able of
PREDICTING new attacks.
attacks
So, satellite images of the exact
place,, around in time,, are
p
decisive to create patterns.
That is achieved identifying
HOTSPOTS.
HOTSPOTS

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

PIPELINE SABOTAGES (IV)

HOTSPOTS
Temperatures
T
t
anomalies
li above
b
a certain threshold calculated
by suitable algorithms using
the IR bands of certain sensors
such as MODIS (Terra, Aqua),
AATSR (Envisat) or SEVIRI
(MSG).
(MSG)

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

PIPELINE SABOTAGES (V)

Here is a distribution of
pipeline and MODIS hotspots
during 2003, 2004, 2005 and
2006.
Historic hotspots distributions
can help
h l to
t preventt from
f
new
hotspots.

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

PIPELINE SABOTAGES (VI)

There is a great amount of

factors to be evaluated for
drawing a vulnerability pipeline
map.
Each layer correspond to one of
thi factor.
this
f t
Not all the factors have the same
importance to our proposal.
proposal That
is why each factor will be
multiplied
by
a
specific
coefficient.

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

Increasing vu
ulnerabiility

PIPELINE SABOTAGES (VII)

Factor A:
Proximity to populated areas
Availability of public transportation near pipelines
Factor B:
Location
L
ti off additional
dditi
l infrastructures
i f
t
t
near the
th pipeline
i li
Factor C:
Impact in the national and international economy
Factor D:
Unfenced sections
Lack of buffered-protected areas
Areas without surveillance
Factor E:
Pipeline above the ground
Factor F:
Pipeline in remote areas
Pipeline protected by patrols
SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY
FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

PIPELINE SABOTAGES (VIII)

Co b
Combining
ga
all tthe
e factors
acto s in
the layer structure, it is
possible to design a
VULNERABILITY MAP.
MAP
It
helps
definitely
PREVENTION TASKS.

to

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

OTHER APPLICATIONS (I)

Besides avoiding pipeline sabotage, there are so many applications in

which satellite images can help definitely (military and civilian):
1.
2
2.
3.
4.
5
5.
6.
7.
8
8.
9.
10.
11.

Defense & Security. Target surveillance.

Communications
Non removable Natural Resources
Sustentable development & risk management
Agriculture and forest.
forest
Cartography & territory order.
Population migrating.
N t
Natural
l disasters.
di
t
Fi
Fires.
Climatology.
Pollution.
Hydrology. Land evolution.

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

DEFENSE & SECURITY.

TARGET SURVEILLANCE (I)
Permanent imaging very definite areas helps to watch over them,
and prevent potential terrorist attacks.
attacks There are a lot of indicators
to alert from attacks, such as: unusual people movements, vehicles
parked in forbidden areas,
1. Government buildings.
2. Religious exhibitions.
3. Humanitarian aids convoys.
4. Factories.
5. Airports.
6. Armaments store.

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

DEFENSE & SECURITY.

TARGET SURVEILLANCE (II)
NECESSITY:
Multiplying the sources of information to
strengthen monitoring of the territories
Detect and monitor changes in sensitive
areas
Organizing the operations of
peacekeeping
RESULTS
RESULTS:
The remote mapping of vast territories
The daily monitoring of borders and ports
The detection and accurate identification
Infrastructure
Geographical databases to prepare
surveillance missions
SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY
FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

COMMUNICATIONS

NECESSITY:
Mapping the reception areas and identify
difficult areas
Maintaining and developing the existing
telecommunications infrastructure
Optimizing the location of broadcasters to
increase network coverage
RESULTS:
Ratings fine land occupation
Database for a 3D interactive simulation of
the implementation of new infrastructure

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

NON-REMOVABLE
NONNATURAL RESOURCES
NECESSITY:

Perfect exploring the geological and hydrological

resources
Optimizing the implementation of new mining and
oil infrastructure
Assessing the impact of farms on the
environment
Conduct a national inventory of water resources

RESULTS:
RESULTS

Locating potential sites of exploitation

Maps of natural hazards impact on industrial
activity
i i
Mapping of ground deformation associated with a
holding
Maps of potential water resources
surface or underground

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT &

RISK MANAGEMENT
NECESSITY:

Preserving the environment around industrial

projects
Implement
p
plans
p
for p
prevention of natural or
industrial risks
Identify and monitor natural protection zones
Control the development of tourism activities

RESULTS:
g
monitoring
g of sites at risk (industries,
(
,
Regular
infrastructure at sea)
Update mapping of sensitive areas and coastal
Tourist maps accurate and easy to update

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

AGRICULTURE (I)
NECESSITY:
Evaluate with precocity surfaces
and agricultural production
Anticipate risks and assess their impacts
(pollution, drought, floods)
Monitoring the implementation of agricultural
regulations and environmental protection
Meet the wooded areas and monitor the
development of plantations
RESULTS:
Accurate and reliable agricultural statistics
b f
before
harvest
h
t
Remote control of large areas under cultivation
Early
y warning
g system
y
in case of changes
g
Inventory and management of forestry
(plantations, logging, fire prevention)
SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY
FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

AGRICULTURE (II)
Satellite images technology can help to identify exactly which use is
given to the land. Agricultural
g
g
resources are basics in economy
y of
many countries.
Both information and surveillance
missions are possible.
Studies can focus on which
species are cultivated and the way
they are grown up.

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

CARTOGRAPHY(I)

NECESSITY

Topographic databases constitute reference

Study and implement the schemes of urban and rural
Create and update cadastral parcelling
Optimizing road and rail networks
Organize the census of the population regularly

RESULTS

Topographic maps at 1:25 000, consistent

with international standards
The classification of different urban structures
The update of information
cadastral 1:50 000 to 1:10 000
Simulations and choice of paths of roads and railways
The definition of areas to prepare a census

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

CARTOGRAPHY(II)

A territory
y can be closely
y defined using
g satellite imagery.
g y There are
several issues to consider:
1. 3D mapping.
2. Heights map.
3. Terrain textures.
4. Natural borders.
5. Sea level.

C bi i
Combining
all
ll this
thi features
f t
very accurate
t maps would
ld be
b built.
b ilt

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

POPULATION MIGRATING (I)

Usually this movements are caused by natural disasters, wars, military
decisions,
First of all, a database including all these causes can point a possibility of
detecting population migration.
The easiest
Th
i t way to
t verify
if this
thi migrations
i
ti
i to
is
t analyze
l
night
i ht satellite
t llit
images. One image should be previous to the cause and the other must
be later.
Differences between these images (basically lights in city or villages) can
be the proof to identify population migrating.

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

POPULATION MIGRATING (II)

Muzaffarabad

Muzaffarabad
Manshira

Manshira
Increasing Lights /
Ephemeral Lights
A
Appear

Disappearing
lights

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

NATURAL DISASTERS

There is a wide spectrum of possible

natural disaster to study.
These phenomena are usually difficult to
detect before taking place, although in
very specific conditions there may be
some indicators to alert and to start the
prevention protocol.
However, the importance of this point is to
evaluate the consequences of natural
disasters. An estimation of damages is
always a need.
need

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

FIRES

Satellite images technology can support fire detection. It can not be a

prevent task, but it helps to identify some features:

1.

Fire breaks.

2.

Fire temperature.

3.

Best options to extinguish the fire.

4.

Area burned.

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

CLIMATOLOGY

Besides meteorological information, satellites helps to forecast local

weather phenomena.
phenomena There are several to stand out:
1. Hurricanes.
2. Tsunamis.
3. Tornadoes.
4. Acid rain.
5. Sandstorms.
6. Monsoons.

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

POLLUTION

Pollution is being considered as a front

page problem. Many efforts have been
carried on to reduce it as much as
possible.
possible
Analyzing satellite images can help to
pointt which
po
c
areas
a
eas p
produce
oduce g
great
eat
amounts of pollution.
Whit this useful data, a pollution plan
can be developed.
This photograph shows how pollution
affects
ff t to
t South-East
S th E t Asia.
A i

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

HIDROLOGY

Nowadays a good management of water

reservoirs is essential.
Getting
g satellite images
g
within a short
period of time, floods or droughts can be
evaluated. Comparing images can makes
easy to get results.
results
Moreover water flows of rivers, lakes,
swamps,...,
p , , would be sort out.

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

LAND EVOLUTION

Some very particulars

S
ti l
phenomena
h
can be
b studied
t di d very accurately
t l with
ith
the technology here proposed. Changes in their size, growing up
direction, All desired parameters are available.

Deserts

Glaciers

Deforestation

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
PROTECTION

BUILDINGS
BRIDGES
HOSPITALS
MARKET PLACE
USING 3 TECHNOLOGIES:
- SATELLITE IMAGING
- LOCAL CAMERA ZONES
- GIS (Geographic Information System)

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

PROPOSAL FOR A SATELLITE

IMAGE PROCESSING CENTER

1 COMERCIAL SATELLITES AVALAIBLE

1.2.- IMAGE ADQUISITION
3 RESOLUTION
3.4.- FACILITIES
5 TRAINING
5.6.- ECONOMIC PROPOSAL

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

SATELLITES ORBITS
There are 2 types of satellites useful for this project considering their orbits:
1. Geostationary orbit: the satellite is always fixed over the same point of earth
(period about 24 hours).
hours)
2. Polar orbit: the satellite is moving over the earth's surface (period about 100
minutes).
The use of each type will depend in a daily based need according with the alarms
and the technicians & politics decisions.
The license of images are restricted to country borders.

GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT

POLAR ORBIT

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

SATELLITES AVAILABLE
List of some COMERCIAL satellites watching at any time during their orbits:

1.
1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8
8.

LANDSAT 7
LANDSAT5
SPOT 4-5 from 2.5 to 20 meters resolution
FORMOSAT-2 from 2 to 8 meters resolution
KOMPSAT-2 from 1 to 4 meters resolution
QUICKBIRD
IKONOS 2
EOS M1 (MODIS)

9.
9
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16
16.

NOAA (AVHRR)
MSG (SEVIRI)
RESURS 01
EROS A1
ENVISAT
WORLDVIEW 1
TERRA
AQUA

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

FUTURE SATELLITES

1
1.

PLIADES 1 & 2.
2 Very high resolution
resolution.
- standard 50-centimeter
- ortho-rectified products
p
- daily revisit capabilities
- perfect complement to SPOT 6 and 7

2.

SPOT 6 & 7 continuity SPOT 5 mission with

the same 60-kilometer
60 kilometer swath and improved
2-meter
resolution

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

IMAGES ADQUISITIONS
Images can be ordered either from archive or by tasking the satellites. For
large volumes, the best solution is to locally receive the telemetry from the
satellites.
satellites

RECEIVING GROUND STATION

Ground telemetry stations for direct acquisition from satellite once it passes over the
station in real time.

WEB TECHNOLOGY
Quasii reall time
Q
ti
(few
(f
hours
h
after
ft acquisition)
i iti ) images
i
are recorded
d d on board
b
d the
th
satellites, downloaded in north pole European receiving station and sent via secure
encrypted ftp.

ALTIMETRIC DATABASE
Location accuracy, called reference3d, that allows ortho-rectification of images from
various sources and offers a unique reference. Immediately available over any
country.
y
Cost efficient and can be considered as a national GIS (while setting up a traditional
national GIS will take years and costs a lot of millions of Euros).

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

RESOLUTION

HIGH RESOLUTION (HR) satellites cover a very wide swath, enabling

them to portray a much larger picture of the situation on the ground,
ground
VERY HIGH RESOLUTION (VHR) satellites provide greater detail and
pinpoint accuracy. The full constellation will operate simultaneously
to provide monitoring of large areas and very tight coverage over
small areas at the same time, thereby giving users the best capability
for surveillance,
surveillance situational awareness and analyst interpretation in
near real-time.

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

FACILITIES (I)

Satellite Center

Military

Defense/Security

Civil

Population

Environment

Mapping

Propose a wide range of images plus the technical expertise to receive, archive, process, etc. Those
images and in downstream to use them in various applications for developing projects.

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

FACILITIES (II)
BUILDING LOCALLY SPECIFIC OFFER (TBD *)
ANTENNA 6M COMPATIBLE WITH GEO&POLAR
3.4 m for SPOT satellites and, in a smaller circle of visibility, ENVISAT and FORMOSAT-2.
4.5 m or 5.4 m for ENVISAT and FORMOSAT-2, and receive future satellites KOMPSAT-2,
TerraSAR-X, THEOS and PLEIADES.
TERMINAL COMPATIBLE FOR EACH SATELLITE COMPATIBILITY GROUP R ESOLUTION AVERAGE
Terminal is the system that allows the acquisition, inventory, storage, processing and
production data transmitted by the satellite digital sensors.
INSTALLATIONS INCLUDE: (TBD*)
(TBD )
ZONE STUDY
BUILDINGS PROJECT
SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
COMMUNICATIONS
ANTENNAS SYSTEM
(*)Specific offer has to be made based on precise specifications that will consider the local
context, the area to be imaged, the repetivity of viewing, the best combination of images from
different satellites.

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

FACILITIES (III)

There is the possibility of programming satellites to get the better data for each
application.
pp
Depending on the solution, it might be possible to get the experience, de data and
the collaboration of many other centres around the world.
SERVICES INCLUDED:
System: installation, delivery acceptance testing, training on site, hot-line and
maintenance materials and software
Operations: interfaced to Spot Image for programming and daily assistance relating
to the operations
p
stations
Applications: implement support for information centers at the "foot of the
antenna" for defense, agriculture, mapping and
maritime surveillance
surveillance, with transfer of technology or know-how
know-how, training and
technical assistance
SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY
FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

TRAINING (I)
Training is basic to get complete technological independence. However, technical support
will be provided to launch such an ambitious problem.
We understand formation as an intrinsic part of a project.
It will consist in theory and practicing with real tests.
It is a complete program developed in about 6-8
6 8 months,
months depending on needs.
needs
It is included training in Spain to 12 technicians, 4 maintenance and 2 officials.

GETTING INDEPENDENCE
SOFTWARE FORMATION.
HARDWARE FORMATION.
ACQUIRING KNOW HOW.
HOW
HABITUATING TO THE TOOLS.
PRACTICING. REAL TESTS.
TECHNICAL SUPPORT.
SOLVING PROBLEMS.

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

CONCLUSIONS (I)
Nowadays satellite features encourage to use their potential.
This project allows to have technological independency for managing
surveillance and security missions.
NASA, ESA and EUSC supports this technology.
Satellite imaging can help to take high level control over a lot of
aspects.
p
Not only
y military,
y, but also civilian applications
pp
can be
carried on.
Prevention - alert countermeasures. They are the three logical stages
to manage security.

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

CONCLUSIONS (II)

Th
There
i only
is
l one technology,
t h l
b t lots
but
l t off applications.
li ti
Hardware, software, installations,,
formation to employees.
employees

would

be

provided;

even

Know how will let to investigate new fields in future.

Other applications not described in this document would be studied.

SATELLITE IMAGES FOR SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY

FEBRUARY,, 2011
FEBRUARY

THANKS!

Contact : Yannick Gaillac,

email: y.gaillac@starsightproject.com
Mob : +44 7968 761 952

www.aerosertec.com / www.starsightproject.com