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Vehicle Diagnostic, Testing and Information System VAS 5051
Vehicle Diagnostic, Testing and Information System VAS 5051
The Vehicle Diagnostic, Testing and Information System VAS 5051 ...
202/001
List of contents
Modes
Start screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vehicle self-diagnosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Test instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Guided fault finding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
13
14
16
18
Before switching on the diagnostic system, refer to the supplied Instruction Manual for information on how to use it and on special features.
New!
Caution!
Note!
Fundamentals of system
The VAS 5051 is a knowledge-based system.
The knowledge base is present on a CD-ROM
and includes the latest knowledge on:
- Equipment
- Fault codes of control units
- Fault characteristics
- Vehicle design with respect to functions
and components
- Function tests
- Technical documentation.
The data are combined in hierarchical architectures and linked to one another.
The knowledge base is generated using a diagnostic development system.
It can be easily supplemented and modified, thus
permitting adaptation to new vehicles.
The incorporation of new documents is also possible, as is the utilization of workshop experience
with e. g. new fault characteristics and their
assignments.
Tester
Workshop trolley
Printer
202/002
Summary of tester
202/004
When mounted on the workshop trolley, the complete system is mobile, and all equipment
required for diagnosis is permanently within
reach.
The tester can also be transported individually
using the handle, e. g. into the vehicle interior.
The tester is controlled by touching corresponding text positions or navigation elements on the
screen.
VAS 5051
Vehicle Diagnostic, Testing and Information System
Version -GB- / V02.00 22/10/97
Vehicle
Self-Diagnosis
Test
Instruments
Guided
Fault Finding
Administration
Help
VAS 5051
202/003
A text or navigation element provided for controlling the tester can be recognized by a change
in colour.
The selected control element is only activated
when the pressure produced by touching is
removed.
Left side
VGA interface
Keyboard interface
PC card interface
Right side
The CD-ROM drive is required to update the diagnostic system.
The tester loads the new program version from the
CD-ROM onto the hard disk.
Diskette drive
CD-ROM drive
Infrared interface
ON/OFF switch
202/006
DSO 2
TZ
KV
SZ
T/D
kV sensor, option
VAS 5051/17
Control unit
Diagnostic socket,
16-contact
10
U/R/D measuring lead with button for voltage and resistance measurements, diode and continuity tests as well
as...
Handle
DIAG
10 A
COM
Diagnostic adapter
VAS 5051/2
Diagnostic cable 3 m
VAS 5051/1
202/008
11
Modes
Start screen
VAS 5051
Vehicle Diagnostic, Testing and Information System
Version -GB- / V02.00 22/10/97
Vehicle
Self-Diagnosis
Test
Instruments
Guided
Fault Finding
Administration
Help
202/047
12
You can start the following modes from the system start mask:
- Vehicle self-diagnosis
- Test instruments
- Guided fault finding
- Administration.
The "Help" function can be selected in all modes
and provides information on operation and on
the functions of the individual navigation
buttons.
Administration
Equipment number: 12345
Importer number: 678
Dealership number: 98765
John Smith, Ltd.
Administration
Administration
Select
function
Install update
Self-test
Change dealership identifier
Signal generator
Date/time
Expanded functions
Change language
Select initial graphic
CD contents list
Go to
Help
202/025
13
Modes
Vehicle self-diagnosis
VAS 5051
Vehicle Diagnostic, Testing and Information System
Version -GB- / V02.00 22/10/97
Vehicle
Self-Diagnosis
Test
Instruments
Guided
Fault Finding
Administration
Help
202/049
14
Vehicle Self-Diagnosis
Select vehicle system
01 - Engine electronics
41 - Diesel pumpe lektronics
Engine electronics
Self-Diagnosis
02 - Gearbox Vehicle
electronicsG
028906021CK 1.9l R4 EDC
12 - Clutch electronics
G00SG 0802
03 - Brake system
Selectelectronics
diagnostic
Coding 2
14 - Suspension
electronics
function
Workshop code 79415
24 - Traction control system
34 - Self-levelling
suspensionfault memories
02 Interrogate
Vehicle Self-Diagnosis
15 - Airbag 03 Final control diagnosisiInterrogate fault memory
25 - Immobilizer
04 Basic setting
35 - Central locking
0
05 Erase fault memory 1 fault(s) detected
45 - Interior monitoring
Endcontrol
output
55 - Headlight06range
522
Code
control unit
16 - Steering 07
wheel
electronics
Coolant temperature sender - G62
08 Read
data block
26 - Electronische
Dachbettigung
Open/short circuit to positive
36 - Seat adjust
10 Adaption
46 - Convenience
system
central module
sporadically
11 Login
procedure
56 - Radio
66 - Seat/mirror adjustment
76 - Parking aid
17 - Dash panel insert
Sprung
08 - AC/heater electronics
Druck
Hilfe
Test
Instruments
18 - Additional/auxiliary heater
Interrogate all fault memories
Select vehicle system via address word
OBDII
Test
Instruments
Go to
Test
Instruments
Go to
Engine electronics
028906021CK 1.9l R4 EDC
G00SG 0802
Coding 2
Workshop code 79415
Help
Hilfe
202/021
15
Modes
Test instruments - Multimeter
VAS 5051
Vehicle Diagnostic, Testing and Information System
Version -GB- / V02.00 22/10/97
Vehicle
Self-Diagnosis
Test
Instruments
Guided
Fault Finding
Administration
Help
202/048
Test Instruments
Multimeter
Voltage (U/R/D)
Freeze Frame
11.43 V
Minimum
Maximum
-20.00
Voltage
(U/R/D)
Resistance
(U/R/D)
Inline
current
Continuity test
(U/R/D)
Diode test
(U/R/D)
20.00
Current 50 A
curr. pick-up
Current 500 A
curr. pick-up
Voltage
DSO 1
20 V
Calibrate
DSO
Go to
Help
202/022
16
Voltage (U/R/D)
Freeze frame
0.001 V
Minimum
Maximum
-2.000
Voltage
(U/R/D)
Resistance
(U/R/D)
Inline
current
Continuity test
(U/R/D)
Diode test
(U/R/D)
2.000
Current 50 A
curr. pick-up
Current 500 A
curr. pick-up
Voltage
DSO 1
2V
Calibrate
The measuring mode "Digital storage oscilloscope" is activated by selecting the navigation
element with this name in the "Test Instruments"
screen.
DSO
Go to
Help
202/050
Test Instruments
DSO
2 V/Div.=
Auto mode
10 ms/Div.
Freeze Frame
Channel A
Channel B
Trigger mode
Time/Div.
Multimeter
Position
Go to
Measuring
mode
Help
202/082
Return to multimeter
The digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) stores the
current values of an analog signal using an
adjustable time base.
The stored values are displayed as a curve on the
screen.
The DSO can be used to display the voltage
waveshapes of two channels simultaneously.
The required measuring leads are included in the
equipment package.
17
Modes
Guided fault finding
VAS 5051
Vehicle Diagnostic, Testing and Information System
Version -GB- / V02.00 22/10/97
Vehicle
Self-Diagnosis
Test
Instruments
Guided
Fault Finding
Administration
Help
202/019
18
VW
VW
Passat 1994>
1996
Estate
Polo 1995>
Select
Golf 1992>, Version
engine code
VW
Passat 1988>
Guided Fault Finding
Passat 1994>
Passat 1994>
1Z 1.9l Turbodiesel Vehicle identification
1996
Caddy 1996>
AAA 2.8l Motronic VRConfirm
Estate
Sharan 1996>
AAM 1.8l Monomotrovehicle identification
AFN 1.9l Turbodiesel engine/ 81 kW
Caddy Pickup 1 AAZ 1.9l Turbodiesel
If vehicle has been correctly identified, choose "C
VW
Taro
Guided
Fault
Finding
ABF 2.0l Digifant/ 11
Passat 1994>
Transporter 1996 ABV 2.9l Motronic/ 1 continue (>)" to confirm.
Vehicle identification
1996
LT
Sprung2.0l Simos/
Druck
Metechnik
ADY
85 Hilfe
Connect VAS 5051
Estate
ADZ 1.8l Monomotro Choose "Back" and
to vehicle
AFN 1.9l Turbodiesel engine / 81 kW
AEK 1.6l Motronic step-by-step.
With
the
ignition
switched off connect the VAS 5051
AFN 1.9l Turbodiesel
Sprung
Druck
Hilfe
Test
to the diagnostic connector as follows:
Instruments
Choose "Go to
AFT 1.6l Simos/ 74 kW
- Removing cover for diagnostic connection on
to enter the se
AGG 2.0l Simos/ 85 kW
right.
VW
Guided
Fault Finding
Sprung
Druck
Hilfe
Test
Instruments
Passat 1994>
Vehicle system test
Choose "Go to"prung
VAS 5051
POLO
VAS 5051
1996
Estate
AFN 1.9l Turbodiesel engine / 81 kW
to return to thel
Airbag
Test
Instruments
Sprung
Druck
Hilfe
Fault
VAS 5051/1
N01-0103
Sprung
ABS Teves 20 GI
Druck
Hilfe
Airbag
Climatronic
Immobilizer
Help
202/020
19
Modes
Guided Fault Finding
Complaint report
VOLKSWAGEN
Passat 1997 >
1997
Saloon
ADR 1.8l Motronic / 92 kW
Select
complaint
Start
Lamps and lights
Braking process
Acceleration
Metechnik
FahrzeugEigendiagnose
Select
type / component
FahrzeugEigendiagnose
Sprung
Hilfe
Lamps and lights ABS warning lamp -K47- does not go out
VOLKSWAGEN
Passat 1997 >
1997
Saloon
ADR 1.8l Motronic / 92 kW
FahrzeugEigendiagnose
Sprung
Hilfe
Metechnik
FahrzeugEigendiagnose
Test
Instruments
Sprung
Vehicle
Self-Diagnosis
If no faults have been detected during the vehicle system test, it is possible to select complaints
according to observed fault characteristics when
using the mode "Guided fault finding".
Following input of the complaint, a special test
plan is generated by the tester for the displayed
fault characteristics.
The tester guides the mechanic through the test
plan using a dialog.
20
Go to
Hilfe
Help
202/052
VOLKSWAGEN
Passat 1997 >
1997
Saloon
ADR 1.8l Motronic / 92 kW
V.A.G 1598
Yes
Test conditions
No
- Fuse S20 OK
VOLKSWAGEN
Passat 1997 >
1997
Saloon
ADR 1.8l Motronic / 92 kW
V.A.G 1598/27
N01-0116
Vehicle self-diagnosis
Go to
Druck
Help
Done
Eigendiagnose
The power supply
will now be checked
Measunging
equipment
Vehicle
Self-Diagnosis
Go to
Help
V.A.G 1598
VOLKSWAGEN
Passat 1997 >
1997
Saloon
ADR 1.8l Motronic / 92 kW
VOLKSWAGEN
Passat 1997 >
1997
Saloon
ADR 1,8l Motronic / 92 kW
Print function
Screen
V.A.G 1598/27
DiagnosisN01-0116
log
Document
Test
Instruments
Go to
Help
VOLKSWAGEN
Passat 1997 >
1997
Saloon
ADR 1.8l Motronic / 92 kW
Test
Instruments
Vehicle
Self-Diagnosis
Druck
Eigendiagnose
- 20.00
VOLKSWAGEN
Passat 1997 >
1997
Saloon
ADR 1.8l Motronic / 92 kW
Help
15.00
20.00
Done
0.00 V
Test
Instruments
Vehicle
Self-Diagnosis
Go to
Help
Test
Instruments
Vehicle
Self-Diagnosis
Go to
Help
202/053
21
Test Instruments
Multimeter
Voltage (U/R/D)
Freeze Frame
11.43 V
Minimum
Maximum
-20.00
Voltage
(U/R/D)
Resistance
(U/R/D)
Inline
current
Continuity test
(U/R/D)
Diode test
(U/R/D)
20.00
Current 50 A
curr. pick-up
Current 500 A
curr. pick-up
Voltage
DSO 1
20 V
Calibrate
DSO
Go to
Help
202/022
Function block 2
(measurements using current pick-up, DSO 1)
- Current
50 A, current pick-up
- Current 500 A, current pick-up
- Voltage, DSO 1
22
Test Instruments
Multimeter
Inline current
Freeze Frame
0.470 A
Minimum
Maximum
-1.000
1.000
Voltage
(U/R/D)
Resistance
(U/R/D)
Inline
current
Continuity test
(U/R/D)
Diode test
(U/R/D)
Strom 50 A
Stromzange
Strom 500 A
Stromzange
Voltage
DSO 1
Go to
Help
Calibrate
1A
DSO
202/070
Test Instruments
Multimeter
Voltage (U/R/D)
Freeze Frame
11.43 V
Test Instruments
Multimeter
Resistance (U/R/D)
Minimum
Maximum
-20.00
Voltage
(U/R/D)
Resistance
(U/R/D)
Inline
current
Continuity test
(U/R/D)
20.00
Freeze Frame
2.51 M
Inline 50 A
Inlinezange
Diode test
(U/R/D)
Inline 500 A
Inlinezange
Voltage
DSO 1
Kalibrieren
Test Instruments
Multimeter
0.00
20 Voltage
V
(U/R/D)
Inline
current
10.00
Resistance
(U/R/D)
Continuity test
(U/R/D)
Diode test
(U/R/D)
Inline 50 A
Inlinezange
Sprung
Inline 500 A
Inlinezange
Freeze Frame
Kalibrieren
Voltage
DSO
DSO
1
Test Help
Instruments
Multimeter
0 .. 10 MOhm
Voltage
(U/R/D)
Resistance
(U/R/D)
Inline
current
Continuity test
Sprung
(U/R/D)
0 .. 10 Ohm
Inline 50 A
Inlinezange
Diode test
(U/R/D)
Inline 500 A
Inlinezange
DSO
+
Drucken
Kalibrieren
Voltage
DSO 1
Help
Voltage
(U/R/D)
Resistance
(U/R/D)
Inline
current
Sprung test
Continuity
(U/R/D)
Diode test
(U/R/D)
Drucken
Current 50 A
curr. pick-up
Current
DSO 500 A
curr. pick-up
Voltage
DSO 1
Help
Calibrate
Help
20 V
DSO
Go to
202/071
23
Test Instruments
Multimeter
Voltage U/R/D
Voltage DSO1
Freeze frame
12.7 V
Voltage
(U/R/D)
Resistance
(U/R/D)
Inline
current
Continuity test
(U/R/D)
14.9 V
Current 50 A
curr. pick-up
Diode test
(U/R/D)
20 V
Current 500 A
curr. pick-up
Voltage
DSO1
Help
Calibrate
40 V
Go to
DSO
202/054
Test Instruments
Multimeter
0.239 A
Minimum
Maximum
-5.000
Voltage
(U/R/D)
Resistance
(U/R/D)
Inline
current
Continuity test
(U/R/D)
Diode test
(U/R/D)
5.000
Current 50 A
curr. pick-up
Current 500 A
curr. pick-up
Voltage
DSO 1
Help
5A
Go to
Calibrate
DSO
202/068
24
Auto mode
10 ms/Div.
Freeze Frame
Channel A
Channel B
Trigger mode
Measuring
mode
Multimeter
Position
Go to
Help
202/067
25
Measuring range
amplitude channel A
Test Instruments
DSO
Auto mode
5 V/Div.=
50 ms/Div.
Freeze Frame
Channel A
Channel B
Trigger mode
Measuring
mode
Auto Level
Auto
Normal
Single
Go to
Draw mode
Multimeter
Help
202/083
Measuring range
amplitude channel B
26
A trigger event is present if the entered input signal has been triggered, i.e. a time and phase
reference has been produced.
A signal is only displayed on the screen in measuring mode "Normal" if a trigger signal is
present and the trigger level is correctly set to the
input signal.
A measurement is only carried out once in measuring mode "Single" following a valid trigger
event. A new single recording is carried out each
time the button is pressed.
The measure mode "Draw mode" should be set
for signals which only change slowly, e. g.
lambda probe or temperature sender. Recording
of the measured value is untriggered, the curve is
displayed continuously from left to right.
Trigger point
Auto level mode
Test Instruments
DSO
5 V/Div.=
20 ms/Div.
Freeze Frame
Channel A
Channel B
Trigger mode
Measuring
mode
5 V/Div.=
0.0
Channel
Coupling
Edge
Go to
Multimeter
Help
202/084
27
5 V/Div.=
The operating functions for channel A are displayed by pressing the button "Channel A".
Test Instruments
DSO
0,1 s/Div.
Freeze Frame
Channel A
Channel B
Trigger mode
The button "Channel" activates the signal connection (e. g. DSO 1, DSO 2, kV) for the selected
channel.
Measuring
mode
5 V/Div.=
5.0
Channel
Coupling
Preset
measurement
Go to
Multimeter
Help
202/085
A slider enables you to shift the curve vertically, separately for each channel.
Test Instruments
Preset measurement
Auto mode
Injector,Passat B5,ADR,92KW
Hall sender-G40,Passat B5,ADR,92KW
Lambda probe-G39,Passat B5,ADR,92KW
Test Instruments
DSO
5 V/Div.=
50 ms/Div.
Freeze Frame
Channel A
Channel B
Trigger mode
Measuring
mode
Display
Sprung
Hilfe
Multimeter
Preset
measurement
Go to
Help
202/086
Test Instruments
DSO
5 V/Div.=
Freeze Frame
50 ms/Div.
Channel A
Channel B
Trigger mode
Measuring
mode
Multimeter
Preset
measurement
Go to
Help
202/087
28
Freeze Frame
Amplitude channel A
13,4 V
Time value
-100,0 ms
The buttons "Cursor 1" and "Cursor 2" are displayed in the freeze frame function. The voltage
values of the curves can then be displayed separately for each channel.
The associated voltage value of each curve can
be determined by shifting the cursor position.
Cursor 1
Cursor 2
Multimeter
Cursor
Go to
Help
202/081
Shifting of cursor 1
(fine adjustment)
The difference in amplitude is displayed automatically if both "Cursor" buttons are selected.
50 ms/Div.
Freeze frame
Amplitude difference A
13,1 V
The difference in amplitude results from the difference between the voltage value of the curve
at the position of cursor 1 and the voltage value
at the position of cursor 2.
Time difference
244 ms
Cursor 1
Cursor 2
Multimeter
Cursor
Go to
Help
202/023
Shifting of cursor 2
(fine adjustment)
29
J 220
The engine speed sender is a speed and reference marker sender. The engine does not run
without this signal.
DSO 1 (+)
DSO 1 ()
G 28
Contact 1 (signal)
Contact 2 (ground)
202/038
V.A.G. 1594/1
1 2 3
V.A.G. 1594/2
30
202/037
Test Instruments
DSO
5 V/Div.=
10 ms/Div.
Freeze Frame
Channel A
Channel B
Trigger mode
Measuring
mode
0.0
Channel
Coupling
Preset
measurement
Go to
Multimeter
Help
202/059
31
J 220
T80/62
T80/76
1/+
3/-
The Hall sender signal enables the engine control unit to recognize the ignition position for
cylinder 1 with ignition systems without a distributor.
The ignition point for the other cylinders and the
commencement of injection are calculated from
this.
T80/67
G 40
202/044
DSO 1 (+)
DSO 1 ()
Contact 2 (signal)
Contact 3 (ground)
1
2
3
32
Test Instruments
DSO
5 V/Div.=
50 ms/Div.
Freeze Frame
Channel A
Channel B
Trigger mode
Measuring
mode
0.0
Channel
Coupling
Preset
measurement
Go to
Multimeter
Help
202/058
33
J 220
T80/54
T80/70
G 62
G2
3
DSO 1 (+)
DSO 1 ()
202/039
Contact 1 (signal)
Contact 3 (ground)
202/074
34
Draw mode
Test Instruments
DSO
5 V/Div .=
100 s/Div.
Freeze Frame
Channel A
Channel B
Trigger mode
Measuring
mode
0.0
Channel
Coupling
Preset
measurement
Go to
Multimeter
Help
202/060
This signal via the adapter leads is slightly falsified by interfering fields, e. g. the ignition cables.
However, the falling trend on warming-up of the
engine can be recognized.
The voltage curve shows the change in temperature of the engine or coolant from approx. 10 C
up to 90 C.
900
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
10
20 30
40
50
60 70
80
C 100
202/089
35
J 220
G39
+/87F
202/042
DSO 1 (+)
DSO 1 ()
Contact 4 (signal)
Contact 3 (ground)
1 2
The lambda probe heating signal between contacts 1 and 2 and the lambda probe signal
between contacts 3 and 4 can be displayed as a
curve by intermediate connection of the adapter
lead which permits parallel connection of the
DSO measuring lead of the VAS 5051 tester to
the connector for the lambda probe.
3 4
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
202/073
36
Draw mode
Test Instruments
DSO
0,2 V/Div.=
1 s/Div.
Freeze Frame
Channel A
Channel B
Trigger mode
Measure mode
Channel
Coupling
Preset
measurement
Go to
-0.40
Multimeter
Help
202/061
37
J 220
T80/67
T80/68
G 61
Contact 1 (signal)
Contact 2 (ground)
202/043
1 2 3
1 2 3
V.A.G. 1594/1
V.A.G. 1594/2
38
202/072
Test Instruments
DSO
0,5 V/Div.=
10 ms/Div.
Freeze Frame
Channel A
Channel B
Trigger mode
Measuring
mode
0.0
Channel
Coupling
Preset
measurement
Go to
Multimeter
Help
202/062
39
J 220
T80/73 T80/80 T80/58 T80/65
+/87F
234
234
15A
234a
N30
N31
N32
N33
The electric signal for subsequent analysis of an
individual injector by the DSO is measured at the
following contacts:
10e/8
202/040
DSO 1 (+)
DSO 1 ()
Contact 2 (signal)
Contact 1 (positive)
40
Test Instruments
DSO
20 V/Div.=
5 ms/Div.
Freeze frame
Channel A
Channel B
Trigger mode
Measure mode
0.0
Channel
Coupling
Preset
measurement
Go to
Multimeter
Help
202/063
41
J 220
T80/15
N80
+/87F
Contact 2 (signal)
Contact 1 (positive)
202/051
The solenoid valve control signal can be displayed as a curve by intermediate connection of
an adapter lead from the V.A.G. 1594A test set
into the lead to the activated charcoal filter solenoid valve with the DSO measuring lead of the
VAS 5051 tester connected.
2
1
202/077
42
Test Instruments
DSO
20 V/Div.=
10 ms/Div.
Freeze Frame
Channel A
Channel B
Trigger mode
Measuring
mode
0.0
Channel
Coupling
Preset
measurement
Go to
Multimeter
Help
202/066
The opening duration and the switching frequency of the activated charcoal filter solenoid
valve can be recognized from the displayed
curve.
43
Only curves recorded under the same conditions or prerequisites can be compared with
one another
Fluorescent lamps may produce interfering
signals
The ignition transformer and leads emit interfering signals which may be superimposed
on the actual curve or falsify it.
The curves shown here are examples which cannot be used as correct curves for fault finding.
Test Instruments
DSO
0,2 V/Div.=
50 ms/Div.
Freeze Frame
Channel A
Channel B
Trigger mode
Measuring
mode
-0,16
Channel
Coupling
Preset
measurement
Go to
Multimeter
Help
202/078
The displayed curve shows the typical waveshape of interference from illumination by
fluorescent lamps.
The interfering curve is superimposed on the
measured curve, and changes the overall
curve.
44
Test Instruments
DSO
0,2 V/Div.=
50 ms/Div.
Freeze Frame
Channel A
Channel B
Trigger mode
Measuring
mode
-0,16
Channel
Coupling
Preset
measurement
Go to
Multimeter
Help
202/079
The displayed curve shows the typical waveshape of interference from the use of a portable
lamp on the vehicle in the immediate vicinity of
the measuring leads.
Test Instruments
DSO
0,2 V/Div.=
0,5 ms/Div.
Freeze Frame
Channel A
Channel B
Trigger mode
Measuring
mode
0.0
Channel
Coupling
Preset
measurement
Go to
Multimeter
Help
202/080
The displayed curve shows the typical waveshape of interference from incorrectly connected
probes of the DSO measuring lead.
45
Notes
46
47
202
Service.
48