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El Mensaje Del Poder en El Espacio
El Mensaje Del Poder en El Espacio
espacio."
Michel Foucault
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POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER
TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE
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TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE
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TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE
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POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER
TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE
PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE
POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER
TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE
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POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER
TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE
PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE
POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER
TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE
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TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE
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TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE
PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE
POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER
TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE
PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE
POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER
TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE
PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE
POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER
TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE PEOPLE POWER TO THE
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INTRODUCCIN
En este ensayo se pretende exponer una perspectiva sobre
las representaciones del poder en el espacio y su mensaje,
enfocado de manera local, en la medida en que un objeto
arquitectnico debe funcionar como un smbolo o
representacin de [algo] que contiene un significado y
transmite un mensaje.
Por un lado tenemos al PODER y por otro lado al
PUEBLO, la dualidad que existe entre ellos es lo que va a
generar las relaciones de poder y que a fin de cuentas se
representa en el espacio de una u otra manera.
A lo largo de la historia, podramos observar esas
representaciones de poder. Vemos regmenes totalitarios o
dictaduras, pero tambin podemos ver democracias en
busca de plasmar ideologas en algn objeto tangible, que
en este caso sera el espacio fsico, visto desde el espacio
pblico y desde el objeto arquitectnico.
PODER Y ESPACIO
Si bien el poder desde su significado bsico, tiene
implicaciones autoritarias; la autoridad y la obediencia,
segn Foucault, para efectos bsicos interesa el proceso y
la relacin entre estos dos actores; en qu momento se
transforman las relaciones de poder y se manifiestan en el
espacio.
El poder no son los representantes polticos, el poder no es
quien escogemos cada cierto tiempo, el poder es una
construccin abstracta que representa la manipulacin de
unos sobre otros.
Marx y Engels asimilan poder a la capacidad de
imponerse o a la capacidad de dominar.
Esta relacin dual, que existe, interesa cuando se empieza
a conectar con el espacio y los objetos simblicos, que
vienen siendo el medio para que estos fenmenos se den.
El espacio viene a jugar como punto clave del poder, ya
que sin espacio no puede haber representacin ni medio
para ser manipulado por el poder.
LA TERRITORIALIDAD
Lo local
"El espacio es el lugar al que se pertenece, juega el
papel junto con otros componentes de la cultura de
constituir la identidad de los individuos y los grupos"
"Espacio, territorialidad y poder" Luis Felipe Crespo
Oviedo.
Para efectos del ensayo es importante definir lo que se
entiende por "lo local" desde el concepto de territorialidad.
Lo vemos de dos maneras, por un lado, tenemos la
territorialidad desde el punto de vista geo-poltico, en el
que los gobiernos locales rigen sobre lmites imaginarios e
intangibles en el espacio, establecidos arbitrariamente
para facilitar el control de un pueblo.
Por otro lado, el sentido de territorialidad y pertenencia se
ejerce en la medida en que un grupo de personas se
sientan identificados en un espacio determinado. En todas
las escalas, desde los barrios hasta naciones e implica una
construccin cultural.
Territorialidad es el intento de un individuo o grupo
de afectar, influir o controlar gente, elementos y sus
relaciones, delimitando y ejerciendo un control sobre
un rea geogrfica
"Human Territoriality. Its theory and history"
Sack D., Robert, 1986,
El espacio, entonces, funciona como la representacin
fsica del poder y de la identidad, cuando,
independientemente del tipo rgimen, encontramos o
deberamos encontrar, objetos simblicos reforzadores de
los sistemas identitarios y de los sistemas de poder, que
estn constantemente transmitiendo el mismo mensaje,
para reforzar ese sentido de territorialidad en un lugar
determinado.
LO SIMBLICO
El Diccionario de la Real Academia de la Lengua Espaola
define la palabra "smbolo" como "representacin
sensorialmente perceptible de una realidad, en virtud de
rasgos que se asocian con sta por una convencin
socialmente aceptada".
Los smbolos guardan estrecha relacin con la funcin
establecida, genera un vnculo entre el emisor y el receptor.
Son cruciales en la comunicacin de un ideal poltico o
cultural, y a lo largo del tiempo se pueden observar
diferentes formas de utilizacin de estos.
Desde la arquitectura, todos los edificios se podran
conceptualizar desde un punto de vista simblico, pero
interesan aquellos objetos arquitectnicos que se han
utilizado como smbolos para transmitir un mensaje, un
concepto o una ideologa poltica.
Antecedentes
El objeto se consolida en la medida en que funciona como
autentificador del poder. Funciona en la medida en que el
mensaje es recibido y entendido.
Los intentos de las ideologas, no solamente polticas, sino
tambin econmicas
por consolidar este mensaje
haciendo
referencia
de
distintos
componentes
arquitectnicos de a la antigua Roma o Grecia, es un
ejemplo claro de esta bsqueda por hacer del objeto un
smbolo que transmita un mensaje especfico.
Ahora bien, qu pasa con los objetos representativos de un
lugar especfico, desde lo local.
Se supone que los gobiernos locales son el punto ms
cercano entre el pueblo y el poder, la representacin del
pueblo. Qu pasa cuando se supone este tipo de rgimen
pero los objetos no lo representan, que es lo que estn
representando entonces?
Sigue siendo un smbolo, pero de qu?
su
LA CONTRADICCIN
A manera de conclusin, se parte de esta premisa a
desarrollar:
1. Los objetos arquitectnicos (Municipalidades) si tienen
carga simblica, pero hay confusin entre el emisor (el
poder/pueblo) y el receptor (el pueblo/poder)
Si el pueblo no se identifica con el poder, que ellos mismos
escogieron, entonces, cmo se supone que se identifique
con los objetos?
Si el pueblo no cree en el poder, cmo se supone que crean
en el mensaje del objeto, del smbolo?
Si no hay mensaje, entonces no hay smbolo.
Si no hay smbolo no hay territorialidad.
Los espacios pblicos estn en decadencia de su
democracia, si no hay territorialidad no hay espacio pblico.
"El pueblo debe defenderse, pero no sacrificarse. El
pueblo no debe dejarse arrasar ni acribillar, pero
tampoco puede humillarse." Ultimo Discurso de
Salvador Allende, el 11 Sept 1973
BIBLIOGRAFA
"Espacio, territorialidad y poder" Ciudades Nmero 70. Revista trimestral de la
Red de Investigacin Urbana. Abriljunio 2006. Puebla, Mxico. pp. 17-22 Luis
Felipe Crespo Oviedo, Red Nacional de Investigaciones Urbanas, Puebla,
Mxico.
"Human Territoriality. Its theory and history", Sack D. Robert, 1986,Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, GB, pp 5-51.
Poder y espacio. Hacia una revisin terica de la cuestin regional en Argentina,
Ariel Garca y Alejandro Rofman, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas,
UNAM. Problemas Desarrollo vol.44 no.175 Mxico oct./dic. 2013
http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?pid=S0301-70362013000400006&script=s
ci_arttext&tlng=en
Microfisica del poder, Michel Foucault. Las ediciones de la Piqueta. Madrid.
http://www.inau.gub.uy/biblioteca/seminario/microfisica%20poder.pdf
Carne y piedra, Richard Sennet, 1997
PODER Y ESPACIO, Juan Eugenio Snchez, 1979.
Definicin Gobiernos locales,
http://www.gobiernolocal.gob.ar/wiki/doku.php?id=municipio
http://losarquitectos.blogspot.com/2006/05/acerca-del-origen-y-significado-de
l.html
Lo que la ciudad anhela ver Desarrollo urbano, nuevas tecnologas y espacios
1 pblicos en San Jos (Costa Rica) 2 Luis Armando Durn Segura
Discursos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZeEfXjTNu4, Ultimo Discurso de Salvador Allende,
el 11 Sept 1973
Martin luther king August 28, 1963 i have a dream
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0yP4aLyq1g
https://www.marxists.org/espanol/king/1963/agosto28.htm
statement of the president of the african national congress, nelson mandela, at his
inauguration as president of the democratic republic of south africa,
union buildings, pretoria, 10 may 1994
http://www.aetw.org/mandela.htm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grh03-NjHzc
JOHN FITZGERALD KENNEDY, INAUGURAL ADDRESS (20 JANUARY 1961
http://voicesofdemocracy.umd.edu/kennedy-inaugural-address-speech-text/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k40m9TZ4QjM
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