DGA Analysis Siemens PDF

Diagnostic Conference,
Siofok, Hungary, October 14th-16th 2009
DGA - Method in the Past and for

the Future
IVANKA ATANASOVA-HHLEIN
Hhlein, Folie 1
Hhlein, Folie 2
-1970 Doerenburg introduced the differentiation between electrical

and thermal failure mode and introduced ratios for fault gases with similar
solubility.
-1973 Halstead developed the theoretical thermodynamic theory. The

ratios are temperature dependent. With increasing the hotspot the amount
of gases increases in the order: methane-ethane-ethylene.
-1975 The evaluation scheme of the modern Gas-in-Oil Analysis is

developed by Rogers, Mueller, Schliesing, Soldner (MSS)..
-1995- Development of In-Line Monitoring
Hhlein, Folie 3
Different phenomena in oil take place like:
dielectric
thermal
dynamic
chemical
Change/Ageing
Gas-in-Oil Analysis (DGA = Dissolved Gas Analysis)
The measurement of dissolved gases allow the knowledge on

Type
Complexity
Seriousness
of event.
Sampling
Hhlein, Folie 6
SAMPLING CONTAINER
9
9
9
9
Perfectly cleaned & Dried

Free from dust & moisture
Airtight
Glass or Metal cans, syringes
Hhlein, Folie 7
9 Protect sample from direct light

9 Avoid moisture & dust contamination
9Use the sampling containers exclusively for
transformer oil sampling
Hhlein, Folie 8
1 Handwheel
2 Sealing cap
3 Safety chain
4 Polyamid gasket
5 Nut
6 Drain valve
7 Hose and screw connector
8 Sampling bottle
9 Overflow vessel
Hhlein, Folie 9
Hhlein, Folie 10
Required information concerning oil sample(example)
Requested analysis:
Colour
ISO 2049
Appearance
IEC 60422
Neutralisation value
IEC 62021-1
Breakdown voltage
IEC 60156
Water content
IEC 60814
Loss factor at 50 Hz
IEC 60247
Interfacial tension
ISO 6295
PCB-content
EN 12766-2
Furananalysis (DGA)
IEC 61198
Gas-in-oil-analysis
IEC 60567
Please fill in the following data:

Manufacturer:
FTNR (Manufacturing No.):
Customer:
WNR (Order No.):
Location:
Sample No.:
Year of manufacture:
Date sample taken.:
Type:
Type of oil
Power:
Quantity of oil:
Rating:
Oil temperature in the sample taken:
Sample taken from:
Oil sample valve
Tank:
Top
Middle
Bottom
conservator
Transformer
OLTC
Bushing
OLTC
OLTC tank
Bushing
Others:
Oil drainage device

A 22/31/40 DIN 42 551
Others
Hhlein, Folie 11
Extraction of Gases from the Oil
Hhlein, Folie 12
DGA. Toepler Pump
DGA. Partial Degassing
DGA. Headspace at Ambient Temperature
DGA. Headspace at 70C
Gaschromatographic
Analysis
Gaschromatographic Analysis
Sample injection
Detector
Carrier Gas
Detector gas
- Partial discharges
- Electrical discharges
- Charcoal coating of contacts
- Accelerated cellulosic degradation
- Local overheating
- Untightness of OLTC tank
- Catalytic reactions of materials
- Additional information from BHR gas
Failures which
can be identified
by DGA
- Incipient Failures
- Long lasting temperatures < 150 C
Failures which
can not be
identified by DGA
Interpretation Schemes
Hhlein, Folie 21
Duvals
Triangle
Hhlein, Folie 22
Electrical Discharges
Partial Discharges
Patterns
Thermal Problem
Hhlein, Folie 23
MSS Scheme
Hhlein, Folie 24
IEC Scheme
Hhlein, Folie 25
In case of quotient formation it must be clear, that quotients are only

representative, if following values of the fault gases (in ppm) are
exceeded:
C2H2
H2
[CXHY] x=1;2;3
CO
CO2
>1
> 15
> 50
> 80
> 200
Hhlein, Folie 26
DGA. Example thermal Problem

MSS-Code
Fault gas
Hydrogen
Methane
Ethane
Ethylene
Acetylene
Propane
Propylene
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Nitrogen
00120
ppm
1967
8008
2013
8323
57
401
4824
253
1903
18222
61662
360 MVA, Manufacturing year 1970

Carbon deposits on OLTC Contacts, MSS Code
00120
Fault gas
ppm
Hydrogen
Methane
Ethane
Ethylene
Acetylene
Propane
Propylene
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Nitrogen
537
1041
295
1726
25
83
1012
1047
6158
11805
58084
Gas-in-Oil Analysis. Turn-to-Turn Fault

MSS Code 21121
H2
CH4
C2H6
C2H4
C2H2
C3H8
C3H6
CO
CO2
O2
N2
Fault gas
Hydrogen
Methane
Ethan
Ethylene
Acetylene
Propane
Propylene
Carbon
Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
Nitrogen
ppm
4973
1758
243
2813
8236
58
1320
1196
2431
6743
44120
DGA. Thermal Problem with Partial Discharges

234 MVA, 330 kV, Manufacturing year 1991
Defective welding joint
MSS 00101
Hydrogen
Methane
Ethane
Ethylene
Acetylene
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
1060
2481
703
2187
4
450
995
DGA. Catalytical Effects

Manufacturing year 1977, closed type, MSS Code
?3??0, color 0,5, acidity 0,01
Hydrogen
Methane
Ethane
Ethylene
Acetylene
Propane
Propylene
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Nitrogen
488
1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
67
222
5180
23700
DGA. Untight OLTC

MSS 22122
Fault gas
Hydrogen
Methan
Ethane
Ethylene
Acetylene
Propane
Propylene
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Nirogen
ppm
128
25
5
81
288
5
50
143
1920
24600
52000
Diagnostic Importance in Service. DGA

Ratios
Gas
increase
rates
Absolute
Values
Trend
Hhlein, Folie 33
Absolute Values
IEC 60599 (VDE 0370-7)
Hhlein, Folie 34
Ratios
a) Eliminates the effect of the oil volume

b) Eliminates some effects of sampling
c) Especially interesting is the ratio formation for fault
gases which exhibit similar solubilities, but their
development is temperature dependent e. g. the
thermodynamic considerations of Halstead.
Hhlein, Folie 35
Thermodynamcal considerations of Halstead

Hhlein, Folie 36
Gas Increase Rates information on seriousness of failure
All transformers
C2H2
H2
CH4
C2H4
C2H6
CO
CO2
0,01
0,36
0,33
0,40
0,25
2,9
27
90% gas increase rates source: Cigre TF11 in ppm/day

Gas increase rates are temperature- and volume dependent.
Hhlein, Folie 37
TRENDANALYSIS
Development of the Fault Gases After Two Months of On-Line Monitoring
100
600
500
80
70
400
ppm CO2
60
50
300
40
200
30
20
100
ppm H2, CO,CH4, C2H4, C2H6, top oil (C)
90
Carbon Dioxide
Hydrogen
Methane
Carbon Monoxide
Ethane
Ethylene
top oil temp C
10
0
1.7.08
11.7.08
21.7.08
31.7.08
10.8.08
Sampling date
20.8.08
30.8.08
0
9.9.08
Hhlein, Folie 38
40
35
5
4
top oil (C)
25
20
15
2
Ratio C 2H4/C2H6, CH4/H2
30
Top oil Temperature (C)

C2H4/C2H6
CH4/H2
10
1
5
0
1.7.08
11.7.08
21.7.08
31.7.08
10.8.08
20.8.08
30.8.08
0
9.9.08
Sampling date
Trendanalysis is important not only with absolute values, but also with the ratios.
Hhlein, Folie 39
On-Line Monitoring
- Early failure recognition
- Diagnosis is only possible with the sofisticated types where IEC ratios can be
built
Cigre TF 15 DGA did a comparison between On-Line monitoring systems and OffLine analyses. The brochure is on the way. Evaluated are:
- Precision
- Longterm stability
- Repeatability
In case of
Routine concentrations, d.h. 5 * Detection Limit
Low Concentrations, d. h. 2-5*Detection Limit
Hhlein, Folie 40
RECOMMENDATION OF CIGRE A2.27 FOR

ON-LINE MONITORING
Necessary in case a problem has been identified

Often, however, difficult to maintain
Interfaces can lead to problems
Able to deliver important information in a short time
Does not automatically lead to higher reliability
Hhlein, Folie 41
What can be measured on-line:

Temperature
Current, Voltage
OLTC
Oil level
Gas-in-l Analysis
Humidity in oil
Bushings
Acoustic Signals
Magnetic Circuit
Coolers
MORE DATA DOES NOT MEAN AUTOMATICALLY MORE

INFORMATION
Hhlein, Folie 43
Failure rate
Aeing/years
Transformer Failure Rate

A: Failure at commissioning; B: constant failure rate; C:
failure because of ageing
Hhlein, Folie 44
DGA - Method in the Past and for the Future

Future Developments
Further development of the On-Line analysis with decision criteria
Gas-in-oil analysis in OLTC
Gas-in-oil analysis in alternative insulation fluids and high
temperature insulating materials
Hhlein, Folie 45
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Hhlein, Folie 46

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Diagnostic Conference,

Siofok, Hungary, October 14th-16th 2009

DGA - Method in the Past and for

-1970 Doerenburg introduced the differentiation between electrical

-1973 Halstead developed the theoretical thermodynamic theory. The

-1975 The evaluation scheme of the modern Gas-in-Oil Analysis is

-1995- Development of In-Line Monitoring

Different phenomena in oil take place like:

Gas-in-Oil Analysis (DGA = Dissolved Gas Analysis)

The measurement of dissolved gases allow the knowledge on

Perfectly cleaned & Dried

9 Protect sample from direct light

Please fill in the following data:

FTNR (Manufacturing No.):

WNR (Order No.):

Date sample taken.:

Oil temperature in the sample taken:

Sample taken from:

Oil sample valve

Oil drainage device

Extraction of Gases from the Oil

DGA. Toepler Pump

DGA. Partial Degassing

DGA. Headspace at Ambient Temperature

DGA. Headspace at 70C

In case of quotient formation it must be clear, that quotients are only

DGA. Example thermal Problem

360 MVA, Manufacturing year 1970

Gas-in-Oil Analysis. Turn-to-Turn Fault

DGA. Thermal Problem with Partial Discharges

DGA. Catalytical Effects

DGA. Untight OLTC

Diagnostic Importance in Service. DGA

a) Eliminates the effect of the oil volume

Thermodynamcal considerations of Halstead

Gas Increase Rates information on seriousness of failure

90% gas increase rates source: Cigre TF11 in ppm/day

ppm H2, CO,CH4, C2H4, C2H6, top oil (C)

Ratio C 2H4/C2H6, CH4/H2

Top oil Temperature (C)

RECOMMENDATION OF CIGRE A2.27 FOR

Necessary in case a problem has been identified

What can be measured on-line:

MORE DATA DOES NOT MEAN AUTOMATICALLY MORE

Transformer Failure Rate

DGA - Method in the Past and for the Future

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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