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Williams (2002) - Measurement of Floor Vibrations Using A Heel Drop Test
Williams (2002) - Measurement of Floor Vibrations Using A Heel Drop Test
Williams (2002) - Measurement of Floor Vibrations Using A Heel Drop Test
Civil Engineers
Structures & Buildings 156
November 2003 Issue SB4
Pages 367371
Paper 13029
Received 23/08/2002
Accepted 17/12/2002
A. Blakeborough
Lecturer, Department of
Engineering Science,
University of Oxford
M. S. Williams
Lecturer, Department of
Engineering Science,
University of Oxford
Keywords:
buildings, structure & design/
dynamics/field testing & monitoring
Force: N
2670
Time: s
0.05
6
Blakeborough Williams
367
bottom plates (Fig. 2). The overall depth is 85 mm and the top
plate has plan dimensions 400 mm 3 400 mm, sufficient for a
person to stand on and perform a heel drop test without
difficulty (Fig. 3). It weighs 17 kg, making it easily portable.
When supporting a mass of 75 kg (the mass of a typical person)
the bending deflection of the top plate is about 001 mm and
its fundamental frequency is around 150 Hz. The load can thus
be transferred to the sensing elements without excessive
deformation or vibration within the load cell.
368
Blakeborough Williams
2000
Heel impact
1500
Rising
onto
toes
Force: N
1000
Balancing
Body vibration
500
500
Heels descending
1000
0.5
1.5
2.5
Time: s
2500
2000
1500
1000
Force: N
500
0
500
1000
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
14
16
18
20
Time: s
Normalised PSD
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
10
12
Frequency: Hz
369
7000
The results show that both test methods give very similar
estimates of the natural frequencies, the lowest of which is at
109 Hz. However, there are some significant differences:
1800
1200
3000
3600
B
A
2333
0.3
Hammer
Heel drop
0.2
0.1
0
2
10
12
14
16
18
20
Frequency: Hz
90
Phase: degree
Hammer
Heel drop
0
90
180
10
12
14
16
18
20
Frequency: Hz
Coherence
0.5
Hammer
Heel drop
0
2
10
12
14
16
18
20
Frequency: Hz
Fig. 8. Modal test results: comparison of FRF amplitude, phase and coherence determined by instrumented heel drop test and
instrumented hammer test
370
Blakeborough Williams
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Steel
Construction Institute.
REFERENCES
1. WYATT T. A. Design Guide on the Vibration of Floors. Steel
Construction Institute, Ascot, 1989, SCI Publication 076.
2. WILLIAMS M. S. and WALDRON P. Evaluation of methods for
predicting occupant-induced vibrations in concrete floors.
The Structural Engineer, 1994, 72, No. 20, 334340.
3. MURRAY M. M., ALLEN D. E. and UNGAR E. E. (1997) Floor
Vibrations due to Human Activity. American Institute of
Steel Construction, Chicago, AISC/CISC Steel Design Guide
Series 11.
4. LENZEN K. H. and MURRAY T. M. (1969) Vibration of steel
joist concrete slab floor systems. Department of Civil
Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 1969,
Report No. 29.
5. ALLEN D. E. Vibrational behavior of long-span floor slabs.
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 1974, 1, 108115.
6. MURRAY T. M. Design to prevent floor vibrations.
Engineering Journal, American Institute of Steel
Construction, 1975, 12, No. 3, 8287.
7. CANADIAN STANDARDS ASSOCIATION. Steel Structures for
Buildings: Limit States Design. Appendix G: Guide for Floor
Vibrations. Canadian Standards Association, Rexdale,
Ontario, 1989, Canadian Standard CAN3-S161-M89.
8. CAVERSON R. G., WALDRON P. and WILLIAMS M. S. (1994)
Review of vibration guidelines for suspended concrete slabs.
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 21, 931938.
Please email, fax or post your discussion contributions to the secretary by 1 May 2004: email: daniela.wong@ice.org.uk;
fax: 44 (0)20 7799 1325; or post to Daniela Wong, Journals Department, Institution of Civil Engineers, 17 Great George Street,
London SW1P 3AA.
Blakeborough Williams
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