OUTLINE IN PERSONS

AND FAMILY RELATIONS

2nd SEMESTER, SY 2012-2013
------------------1Note:
All articles references are to the Family Code unless a Civil
Code article reference ( NCC ) is indicated.
I.

INTRODUCTION
1 Tolentino, Civil Code, pp. 1-10 [1990 Edition]

II.

EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF LAWS

Arts. 1 to 13, pp. 1-52 of Tolentino
NCC 1 - 18
A. When law takes effect
NCC 2
Revised Administrative Code (RAC) Secs. 18-24
Exec. Order 200, Sec. 2
Pesigan v. Angeles 129 SCRA 174
Taada v. Tuvera 136 SCRA 27
Farinas vs. the Executive Secretary, 417 SCRA 503
MRCA v. Court of Appeals 180 SCRA 344
National Electrification Administration vs. Gonzaga, G.R. No.
158761, December 4, 2007
Garcillano vs. House of Representatives, G.R. No., 170338, Dec. 23,
2008
Fuentes vs. Roca, G.R. No. 178902, April 21, 2010 (No Relation?)
B. Ignorance of the law
NCC 3
KASILAG VS. RODRIGUEZ, 69 PHIL 217
Elegado v. Court of Appeals, 173 SCRA 285 (8)

(9)
1

C. Retroactivity of laws
NCC 4, cf. NCC 2252 - 2269
Revised Penal Code (RPC) 22
Family Code (FC) 256
Frivaldo vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 120295, June 28, 1996
Aruego vs CA, 254 SCRA 711
Francisco vs CA, 299 SCRA 188
Pesca v Pesca, GR 13692, April 17, 2001
Heirs of Eduardo Simon v Chan, G.R. No. 157547, February 23,
2011
Llave v Republic, G.R. No. 169766, March 30, 2011
D. Mandatory or Prohibitory Laws
NCC Art. 5 with NCC Art. 17 (3)
E. Waiver of rights
NCC Art. 6
NCC Art. 2035
PEFTOK Integrated Services vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 124841. July 31,
1998
Valderama vs. Macalde, 470 SCRA 168
DM Consunji vs. CA, G.R. No. 137873, April 20, 2001
Ferrer v Diaz, G.R. No. 165300, April 23, 2010
F. Repeal of laws
NCC 7
cf. 1987 Constitution, Art. XVIII Sec. 3
FC 254
Thornton vs. Thornton, Aug. 16, 2004 (11)

(18)

G.

Judicial Decisions
NCC 8
Pesca vs. Pesca, G.R. No. 136921. April 17, 2001
De Castro v JBC, G. R. No. 191002, April 20, 2010

H. Duty to render judgment

NCC 9
RPC 5
People v. Ritter 194 SCRA 690
I. Presumption and Applicability of Custom
NCC 10 - 12
cf. 1987 Constitution, Art. XII Sec. 5
Rules of Court Rule 129 (2), (3)
Martinez v. Van Buskirk, 18 Phil. 79
Alonzo v Padua, 150 SCRA 379
Barcellano v Barza, GR 165287, September 14, 2011
J. Legal periods
NCC 13
cf. Rules of Court (ROC) Rule 22
RAC Sec. 31
Commr of Internal Revenue v Primetown, GR 162155, August 28,
2007
K. Applicability of Penal Laws
NCC 14

Rayray vs. Chae Kyung Lee, G.R. No. 18176, October 26, 1966

(8)

(2)
L.

Binding effect

NCC 15
cf. FC 26 par. 2
Tenchavez v. Escao 15 SCRA 355
ATCI Overseas Corp vs. Echin, G.R. No. 178551, Oct. 11, 2010
NCC 16
Amos v Bellis, 20 SCRA 358
Tayag v Benguet Consolidated, GR L-23145, Nov. 29, 1968
NCC 17
Kazuhiro Hasegawa vs. Kitamura, G.R. No. 149177, November 23,
2007
Raytheon v Rouzie, GR 162894, February 26, 2008
NCC 18
Tamano v Ortiz, G.R. No. 126603, June 29, 1998
Zamoranos v People, G.R. No. 193902, June 1, 2011
III. PERSONS & PERSONALITY
A. The concept of a person and personality
NCC 37 - 39
Classes of persons and their distinctions
Elements of civil capacity
Juridical capacity v. personality
Juridical capacity v. capacity to act
4

B. Commencement and termination of personality (8)

(1)

1. Natural Persons
(a) Birth
NCC 40 - 41
1987 Constitution, Art. II Sec. 12
P.D. 603 [Child and Youth Welfare Code], Art. 5
FC 164
RPC Arts. 256 - 259
Geluz v. CA 2 SCRA 801
Quimiging v. Icao 34 SCRA 134
De Jesus v. Syquia 58 Phil 866
(b) Death
NCC 42
Limjoco v. Intestate Estate of Pio Fragante 80 Phil 776
Dumlao v. Quality Plastics 70 SCRA 472
Eugenio v. Velez 185 SCRA 425
Marcos v. Manglapus, G.R. No. 88211. Oct. 27, 1989
NCC 43
ROC Rule 131 Sec. 3 (jj) - (kk) (1989 Rev. Rules on Evidence)
Joaquin v. Navarro 93 Phil 257
2. Juridical Persons
NCC 44-47
Batas Pambansa Blg. 68 (Corp. Code), Secs. 2, 4, 17
NCC 1767-1768

Barlin v. Ramirez 7 Phil 41(9)

C.

(9)

Restrictions on civil capacity

1. Presumption of capacity, Art. 37 NCC
Catalan vs. Basa, G.R. No. 159567, July 31, 2007
2. Restrictions on capacity to act
NCC 38 - 39, cf. NCC 1327
(a) Minority
1. Age of majority, R.A. 6809
2. A.M. NO. 03-02-05-SC Rules on Guardianship
3. Suffrage, Sec. 1 Art. V 1987 Constitution [cf. Sangguniang
Kabataan]
4. Marriage, FC 5; 45 (1); cf. R.A. 6809
5. Contracts
NCC 1327
NCC 1390 (par. 1), 1403 (par. 3)
NCC 1397, 1399
NCC 1489
NCC 1426 - 1427
Mercado v. Espiritu 37 Phil 215
Bambalan v. Maramba 51 Phil 417
Suan Chian v. Alcantara 85 Phil 669
Braganza v. Villa-Abrille 105 Phil 456
6. Criminal liability

RPC 12 (2) - (3);

RPC 13 (2); PD 603 Secs. 189 204 (5)

(32)

Atizado vs People, GR No. 173822, October 13, 2010

s
Also see: Rule 3, Section 5 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure
(b) Insanity
1. Marriage, FC 45 (2)
2. Contracts, NCC 1327 (1), 1328
3. Criminal liability,
RPC 12 (1)
Rule 101, Rules of Court
US v. Vaguilar, 27 Phil 88 (Amiel)
People v. Rafanan 204 SCRA 65(Clang)
Standard Oil v. Arenas, GR No. L-5921, July 25, 1911
Hernandez vs Santos, G.R. No. 169217, August 7, 2009
Rivero v CA, G.R. NO. 141273, May 17, 2005
People v Bugalao, GR 184757, Oct. 5, 2011
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)

Deaf-Mutism, NCC 1327 (2), 807 & 820

Prodigality, ROC Rule 92 Sec. 2
Civil Interdiction, RPC 31, 34, 41
Family Relations
FC 150-151; cf. FC 87
NCC 1490
NCC 2035
cf. NCC 963-967

(g) Alienage, cf. Art. IV, Secs. 1-5, 1987 Constitution

Cordora vs COMELEC, February 19, 2009 (Pangan)
(h) Absence, NCC 381 396, (391) FC 411

Olaguer v Purugganan, GR 158907, February 12, 2007

(Borja) (8)(40)
j

Insolvency and Trusteeship, NCC 1381, 1491, 2236

Villanueva vs. CA, G.R. No. 114870, May 26, 1995. (Balio)
Umale v ASB Realty, GR 181126, June 15, 2011(Balio)

Gender, Art. II, Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution; cf. NCC 403
See also: Rule 3 Section 4, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure

D. Domicile and residence of persons

1. Juridical persons, NCC 51
2. Natural persons
NCC 50
FC 68-69, cf. NCC 110
cf. FC 55, 101, 149, 152, 101
Romualdez-Marcos vs COMELEC, 248 SCRA 300

(3)(13)

IV. INTRODUCTION TO THE FAMILY CODE

Tolentino, Persons and Family Relations in the Civil Code
A. Effect and Retroactivity
E.O. 29, as amended by E.O. 227, R.A. 6809, R.A. 7610
FC 256, cf. FC 36 in rel. to 39, FC 105, FC 162, FC 257
Lupo Atienza v. Judge Brilliantes, 243 SCRA 32
Bernabe vs. Alejo, 374 SCRA 180
Fuentes vs. Roca, G.R. No. 178902, April 21, 2010
B. Repeal/Amendment
FC 254, 255
V.

MARRIAGE & PERSONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN SPOUSES

A. The concept of marriage
FC 1 cf. NCC 52, FC 149
Art II Sec. 12, 1987 Constitution
Art. XV Sec. 2, 1987 Constitution
Estrada v Escritor, A.M. No. P-02-1651, August 4, 2003 [see
dissenting opinions]

B. Nature of marriage in Philippine law

FC 1 cf. Rule 131 Sec. 3 (aa), 1989 Rules on Evidence,
NCC 220
Muslim Code, (P.D. 1083) Sec. 14
Goitia vs Campos-Rueda, 35 Phils 252
9

Sermonia v Republic, 233 SCRA 155

Perido v Perido, 63 SCRA 97
Silverio vs Republic, October 22, 2007
People v De La Cruz, G.R. No.187683, February 11, 2010
De Santis v Intestate Estate Jalandoni, December 1, 2010
C. Agreements prior to marriage
1. Stipulations in marriage
FC 1 cf. NCC 221
Panganiban v. Borromeo 58 Phil 367
In re Santiago 70 Phil 66
Espinosa v Atty. Omana, A.C. No. 9081, October 12, 2011
2. Breach of promise to marry
NCC 19 - 21; NCC 2176; NCC 1403 2(c)
MC 22
Hermosisima v. CA 109 Phil 629
Wassmer v. Velez 12 SCRA 648
Tanjanco v. CA 18 SCRA 994
Baksh v. CA, 219 SCRA 115
Abanag v Mabute, AM P-11-2922, April 4, 2011

10

D. Requisites for a valid marriage

1 Tolentino 222 - 269
Mariategui v. CA 205 SCRA 337
Aonuevo, et al v. Intestate Estate of Rodolfo G. Jalandoni.
G.R. No. 178221, December 1, 2010
1. Kinds of requisites & effects of non-compliance
FC 2-3; FC 4; FC 5; FC 45 cf. NCC 53
RPC 350-351
De Mijares vs Villaluz, 274 SCRA 1
2. Essential requisites
(a) Legal Capacity
(i) Gender, FC 2 ( 1) cf. FC 148
Silverio vs Republic, October 22, 2007
(ii). Age
FC 5; FC 35 (1); R.A. 6809 cf. FC 21
NCC 54 & 80 (1)
RPC 344
cf. DOJ Opinion 145 S.1991 (Oct. 1991)
(iii) Absence of impediment, FC 5, 35
Garcia vs. Recio, 365 SCRA 437
Te vs. Choa, G.R. No. 126446, Nov. 29, 2000 (346 SCRA
327)
Nollora v People, GR 191425, September 7, 2011
Catalan v Lee, GR 183622, February 8, 2012

11

3. Parental consent
FC 14; FC 45 (1)
4. Consent freely given by both spouses
(a). Mistake as to identity,
FC 35 (5); NCC 86 (1)
(b). Effect of insanity, FC 45 (2)
(c). Effect of fraud, FC 45 (3); FC 46, NCC 1338
1344
Anaya vs Palaroan, Nov. 26, 1970
(d). Effect of force, intimidation and undue
influence, FC 45 (4); NCC 1335
1337
Villanueva vs CA, 505 Scra 564
(e). Effect of physical incapacity/impotence, FC
45 (5)
Jimenez v. Caizares 109 Phil 27
Alcazar v Alcazar, G.R. No. 174451, October 13,
2009
(f) Effect of affliction with STD, FC 45 (6); 46 (3)

12

5. Formal Requisites
(a) Marriage license
Republic v. CA, 236 SCRA 257
Sevilla v Cardenas, 497 SCRA 429
Sy vs. CA, G.R. No. 127263, April 12, 2000
Alcantara vs. Alcantara, G.R. No. 167746, Aug. 28, 2007
De Castro v De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, February 13, 2008
1. Where to apply, FC 9 - 10
2. Requirements for issuance
a. application, FC 11
b. proof of capacity, FC 12-14; FC 21 cf. NCC 84
cf. DOJ Opinion 50 S. 1991 (April 30, 1991)
DOJ Opinion 146 S. 1991 (Oct. 17, 1991)
c. parental advice, FC 15
d. marriage counseling, FC 16
e. publication, FC 17
f. investigation of impediments, FC 18
g. payment of fees, FC 19
h. family planning certificate, P.D. 965
3. Place where valid, FC 20
4. Period of validity, FC 20
5. Duties of the Civil Registrar, FC 24-25
Alcantara vs Alcantara, GR No. 167746, Aug. 28, 2007

13

6. marriages exempt from license requirement

FC 27-34, cf. NCC 76, P.D. 1083
Nial vs. Bayadog, G.R. 133778, Mar. 14, 2000
De Castro vs. De Castro, G.R. 160172, February 13,

2008
Republic vs Dayot, March 28, 2008
(b) Authority of the solemnizing officer
1. Who are authorized
FC 7, 10, 31 & 32
NCC 56, 74, 76
R.A. 7160 (1991 Local Government Code),
Secs. 444(b)(1)(xviii), 445 (b)(1)(xviii)
Aranes vs Occiano, 380 SCRA 402
Navarro v. Domagtoy S.C. A.M. MTJ-96-1088, July 19, 1996
2. How authorized
FC 7 (2) cf. NCC 92-96
Villar v. Paraiso 96 Phil 659
3. Effect of absence of authority
FC 4; FC 35 (2)
RPC 352
cf. Tenchavez v. Escao, 15 SCRA 355 at page 360
4. Duties of the solemnizing officer, FC 23-24
5. Effect of irregularity, FC 4

14

(c) Marriage Ceremony

1. form of ceremony, FC 3 (3); FC 6 cf. FC 33, FC 8
Martinez v. Tan 12 Phil 731
2. Place for ceremony, FC 8; FC 28-29; FC 32-33
3. Issuance of marriage certificate, FC 6; FC 22
Madridejo v. De Leon 55 Phil 1
People v. Borromeo 133 SCRA 106
E. Law governing validity of marriages abroad
1 Tolentino 260 - 263
1. General rule in contracts
(a) As to form, NCC 17 (1) and (2)
(b) As to substantive requirements, NCC 15 & 17 (3)
2. Special rule in marriage
(a) lex loci celebrationis, FC 26; FC 21, FC 10
Yao Kee v. Sy-Gonzales, 167 SCRA 786
Republic vs. Orbecido III, G.R. No. 154380, October 5,
2005

15

(b) Exceptions
FC 26 in relation to
FC 35(1), 35(4), 35(5) and (6), 36, 37 & 38
cf. NCC 71
DOJ Opinion No. 11 S. 1990 (Jan. 17, 1990)
F. Common-law marriages/ live-in relationships
FC 147, cf. RPC 350
FC 148 (adulterous)
Rule 131 Sec. 3 (aa) (cc), 1989 Rules on Evidence cf. NCC
220
FC 26 par. 1
NCC Book II, Title III (484-501)
Lesaca v. Lesaca, 91 Phil 135
Yaptinchay v. Torres, 28 SCRA 489
Eugenio v. Velez, G.R. No. 85140 May 17, 1990
Estrada v Escritor, supra.
G. Void Marriages
1 Tolentino 270 - 310
General rule, FC 4
1. Kinds of void marriages
(a) Absence of requisites
cf. VII (D) of Outline
FC 35 cf. FC 234, RA 6809
Alcantara v Alcantara, GR NO. 1677446, August 18,
2007
So v Valera, GR 150677, June 5, 2009
De Castro v De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, February 13,
2008
16

Republic v Dayot, G.R. No. 175581, March 28, 2008

(b) Bigamous and polygamous marriages,
FC 35(4), 39, 40, 41, 44
RPC 344, 349
Apiag v. Cantero S.C. A.M. MTJ-95-1070, Feb. 12,
1997
Mercado vs Tan, 337 SCRA 122
Bobis v Bobis, GR 139509, July 31, 2000
Ty vs. CA, G.R. No.127406, Nov. 27, 2000
Morigo vs Morigo, 422 SCRA
Tenebro vs. CA, G.R. No. 150758. February 18, 2004
(read concurring of Justice Vitug and dissent of Justice
Carpio)
Teves v Republic, GR 188775, August 24, 2011
Nollora v People, GR 191425, September 7, 2011
Catalan v Lee, supra
(c) Subsequent marriage, upon reappearance of absent spouse
FC 41 in relation to FC 42-44
NCC 390-391, FC 55 (9), FC 101
Jones v. Hortiguela 64 Phil 179
Republic vs. Nolasco, 220 SCRA 20, March 17, 1993
Bienvenido vs. Court of Appeals, 237 SCRA 676, October 24,
1994
SSS vs Jarque vda. De Bailon, G.R. No. 165545, March 24,
2006

17

Procedure
Republic vs. Bermudez - Lorino, 449 SCRA 57, January 19,
2005
Republic vs Tango, July 31, 2009

(d) Bad faith of both spouses, under FC 44

(e) Psychological incapacity under FC 36
FC 36, 39, 68-73
R.A. 8533
Santos v. CA 240 SCRA 20 >> Balio
Chi Ming Tsoi v. CA G.R. No. 119190, Jan. 16, 1997
>>Balio
Republic v. Olaviano Molina (1997) >> Balio
Hernandez vs. Court of Appeals, 320 SCRA 76,
December 08, 1999 >> Pascual
Marcos vs. Marcos, 343 SCRA 755, October 19, 2000 >>
Pascual
Republic vs. Dagdag, 351 SCRA 425 >> Pascual
RP vs. Quintero-Hamano, G.R. No. 149498, May 20,
2004 >> Pangan
Antonio vs.Reyes, G.R. No. 155800, Mar. 10,2005 >>
Pangan
Republic vs. Tanyag-San Jose, 517 SCRA 123, February
6, 2007 >> Pangan
Almelor vs RTC-Las Pinas, GR No. 179620, Aug. 26,
2008 >> Mendoza
Te vs Te, GR No. 161793, Feb. 13, 2009 >> Mendoza
Azcueta vs RP, G.R. No. 180668, May 26, 2009 >>
Mendoza
Halili v Halili, GR 165424, June 9, 2009 (Motion for
Recon) Ortega
Najera v Najera, GR 164817, July 3, 2009 Ortega
Camacho-Reyes v Reyes, G.R. No. 185286, August 18,
2010 Ortega
18

Agraviador v Agraviador, G.R. No. 170729, December 8, 2010

Ortega
Ochosa v Bona, GR 167459, January 26, 2011 Borja
Republic v Galang, GR 168335, June 6, 2011 Borja
Kalaw v Fernandez, GR 166357, September 19, 2011 Borja
Campos v Campos, A.M. No. MTJ-10-1761, February 08,
2012 Borja
start here (f) Incestuous marriages, FC 37 cf. NCC 963-967
(g) Marriages against public policy
FC 38, compare FC 38(6) with NCC 80(6)
RPC 246
NCC 80(7), 82
NCC 963-967
(h) Non-compliance under FC 53, 52
Sec. 21, 22 and 23, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003
2. Who can invoke nullity, FC 36, FC 39, FC 40
Sec. 2, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003
Nial vs. Bayadog, G.R. 133778, Mar. 14, 2000
Catalan vs. Court of Appeals, 514 SCRA 607, February 6, 2007
Enrico vs. Heirs of Sps. Medinaceli, G.R. No. 173614,
September 28, 2007
Carlos s. Sandoval, GR 179922, December 16, 2008
Ablaza v Republic, G.R. No. 158298, August 11, 2010

3. When to file action for declaration of nullity

FC 39; FC 26 par. 2 in relation to FC 255;
FC 42, par. 2
FC 237 in rel to R.A. 6809, Art. 236

19

4. Procedure in actions for declaration of nullity

a.

Requisite for valid remarriage, see VII (E)(10)(b)

above
b. Safeguards against collusion, FC 48
Malcampo Sin vs. Sin, 355 SCRA 285
Ancheta vs Ancheta, 424 SCRA 725
Salmingo v Rubica, A.C. No. 6573, July 9, 2007

c. No confession of judgment, FC 48; cf. NCC 2035

d

A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003

Jocson v. Robles 22 SCRA 521
Tolentino v. Villanueva 56 SCRA 1
Salcedo-Ortanez v. CA 235 SCRA 111
Pesca vs. Pesca 356 SCRA 588
Carlos vs Sandoval, December 16, 2008

e. No Motion to Dismiss
Aurelio v Aurelio, G.R. No. 175367, June 6, 2011
5. Effects of pendency of action for declaration of nullity - Art.
49, 198, 50, 213
6. Effects of res judicata
Mallion vs Alcantara, 506 SCRA 336
7. Effects of final judgment declaring nullity
(a) In general, FC 50-54, 198 but see FC 147-148
Licaros v Licaros, G.R. No. 150656, April 29, 2003
20

(b) On remarriage, FC 40
Wiegel v. Sempio-Diy, 143 SCRA 499 (1986)
Terre v. Terre, 211 SCRA 6
Domingo v. CA 226 SCRA 572
Cario vs. Cario 351 SCRA 127
Bobis vs. Bobis, G.R. No. 138509, July 31, 2000
Mercado vs.Tan, G.R. No 137110, August 1, 2000
Ty vs CA, 346 SCRA 327
Morigo vs Morigo, 422 SCRA 376
Abunado v People, G.R. No. 159218, March 30,
2004
Jarillo vs People, September 29, 2009
Antone vs Beronilla, GR No. 183824, December 8, 2010
(c) On rights & obligations between the former spouses
(d) On the property regime of the marriage
FC 147-148
Valdes v. QC-RTC G.R. No. 122749, July 31, 1996
Buenaventura v CA, G.R. No. 127358. March 31, 2005
Dino v Dino, GR 178044, January 19, 2011
Yu v Reyes-Carpio, GR 189207, June 15, 2011
(e) On legitimes of the common children
FC 50-53, FC 51 in rel to NCC 886, 888;
FC 176
NCC 908, 1061
Sec. 21, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003

21

Buenaventura v CA, G.R. No. 127358. March 31, 2005

Dino v Dino, GR 178044, January 19, 2011
(f) On the status and custody of children
FC Art. 54, Art. 176

(g) On use of surnames

Yasin vs The Honorable Judge Shari'a District Court,
G.R. No.94986 February 23, 1995

Examinations,

BAR MATTER NO. 1625 - Petition to Use Maiden

Name in Petition to Take the 2006 Bar
JOSEPHINE P. UY-TIMOSA
Remo v DFA, March 2010

(h) On hereditary rights, FC 43

(i) Effect of death
Castro v Castro, G.R. No. 140484, January 28, 2007
Heirs of Go v Servacio, GR 157537, Sept. 7, 2011

H. Voidable Marriages
1 Tolentino 270 - 310
1 Void v. voidable marriages, FC 4 cf. 45
Weigel vs. Sempio-Dy 143 SCRA 499 Balio
Terre vs. Terre 211 SCRA 6 Balio
2 Grounds for annulment
22

(a) Absence of parental consent,

FC 5(1), 46(1), R.A. 6809 cf. FC 14
(b) Insanity, FC 45(2), 47(2), NCC Art. 1149
Katipunan v Tenorio, 38 OG 172, 1937 Pascual
Lim v. CA, 214 SCRA 237 Pascual
(c) Fraud
FC 45(3), 46, 47(3)
Hernandez vs. Court of Appeals, 320 SCRA 76, Mendoza
December 08, 1999
NCC 1338-1344
Buccat v. Buccat 72 Phil 49 Mendoza
Aquino v. Delizo 108 Phil 21Mendoza
Anaya v. Palaroan 36 SCRA 97 Ortega
Almelor vs. RTC of Las Pias, G.R. No. 179620, August
26, 2008 Ortega

(d) Force, intimidation and undue influence

FC 45(4), 47(4)
NCC 1335-1337
RPC 344, last paragraph
Ruiz v Atienza, 40 O.G. 1903 Pangan
(e) Physical incapacity/impotence
FC 45(5), 47(5)

23

Jimenez v. Caizares 109 Phil 273 Pangan

Sarao v Guevara, 1940, 40 OG 11 Supp 263 Pangan
Alcazar vs Alcazar, GR 174451, October 13, 2009 Borja
(f) Affliction with STD, FC (45(6), compare with FC 46(3),
47(5)
3. Who can seek annulment, FC 47
Sec. 3, AM No. 02-11-10-SC, March 4, 2003
4 When to seek annulment. FC 47, NCC 1149
5. Procedure in actions for annulment, see
VII(E)(13)(b)-(d)
A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003
Barcelona vs. CA, G. R. 130087, Sept. 24, 2003 Borja
6. Effects of pendency of action for annulment
FC 49, 213
A.M No. 02-11-12-SC. March 4, 2003
7. Effects of annulment, FC 50-54, 43, 102, 129, 213
a

In general
Chan-Tan v Chan, G.R. No. 167139, February 25, 2010

(b) On remarriage
(c) On rights & obligations between the former spouses
(d) On the property regime of the marriage
FC 50, FC 43(2) cf. FC 102(4), 129
Compare with FC 147-148
Buenaventura v CA, G.R. No. 127358. March 31, 2005
Dino v Dino, GR 178044, January 19, 2011
24

(e) On presumptive legitimes/hereditary rights

FC 50-53, FC 51 in rel to NCC 886, 888;
FC 176
NCC 908, 1061
FC 102 (5), 43 (2), 50 (2), 51, 102 (5), 63 (2), 102, 129,
135
Buenaventura v CA, supra
Dino v Dino, supra
Yu v Reyes-Carpio, supra
(f) On the status and custody of children, FC 213
(g) On use of surnames
Yasin vs The Honorable Judge Shari'a District Court,
G.R. No.94986 February 23, 1995

Examinations,

BAR MATTER NO. 1625 - Petition to Use Maiden

Name in Petition to Take the 2006 Bar
JOSEPHINE P. UY-TIMOSA
Remo v DFA, March 2010

I. Marriage when one spouse is absent

FC 41-44, compare with NCC 83, 85(2) and 87(2)
cf. RPC 349
SSS vs. Jarque vda. De Bailon, G.R. No. 165545, March 24,
2006
Valdez v Republic, G.R. No. 180863, September 8, 2009

25

J. Marriages dissolved by a foreign judgment

NCC 15, 17 (3)
FC 26 (2)
Arca vs Javier, July 31, 1954
Tenchavez v. Escao, 15 SCRA 355
Van Dorn v. Romillo, 139 SCRA 139
Somera v. Pilapil, 174 SCRA 663
Quita vs CA, 300 SCRA 406
Llorente vs CA, 345 SCRA 592
Garcia vs. Recio, 366 SCRA 437
Diego vs Castillo, 436 SCRA 67
RP vs. Orbecido, G.R.No. 154380, Oct. 5, 2005
San Luis vs. San Luis, G.R. 133743, Feb. 2, 2007
Bayot v CA, GR 155636, Nov. 27, 2008
Amor-Catalan vs. Ca, G.R. No. 167109, February 6, 2007
Corpus v Sto Tomas, G.R. No. 186571, August 11, 2010
Llave v Republic, G.R. No. 169766, March 30, 2011
Catalan v Catalan-Lee, G. R. No. 183622, February 8, 2012
K. Marriages giving rise to criminal liability
FC 4, FC 16,
NCC 84,
RPC 351-352.
People v De Guzman, GR 185843, March 3, 2010
R.A. 6955, An Act to Declare Unlawful the Practice of Matching
Filipino Women for Marriage to Foreign Nationals

26

R.A. 9208, Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003

VI.

THE LAW ON SEPARATION OF THE SPOUSES

A. Concepts of separation & divorce
Benedicto v. De la Rama 3 Phil 34
1. Separation in fact, FC 238-248, 101(3)
Villanueva v Chiong, GR 159889, June 5, 2008
2. Agreements to separate
FC 1, NCC 221 (1)
Albano v. Gapusan 71 SCRA 26
In re: Atty. Rufillo Bucana 72 SCRA 14
Espinosa v Omana, AM No. A.C. No. 9081, October
12, 2011
3. Absolute divorce
(a) Divorce under the Family Code
FC 26 paragraph 2
Tenchavez v. Escao, 15 SCRA 355
Van Dorn v. Romillo, 139 SCRA 139
Somera v. Pilapil, 174 SCRA 663
(b) Divorce under the Muslim Code, MC 45-55
Zamoranos v People, G.R. No. 193902, June 1, 2011
Llave v Republic, supra
B. Concept of legal separation, compare with NCC 97
27

1 Grounds for legal separation Art. 55 FC, RA 9262

A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC. March 4, 2003
(a) Sexual infidelity or perversion
FC 55(8)
NCC 36
RPC 333 & 334
RPC 247
Goitia v. Campos-Rueda 35 Phil 252
People v. Zapata 88 Phil 688
Gandionco v. Pearanda 155 SCRA 725
Kalaw v Fernandez, GR 166357, September 19, 2011
(b) Drug addiction, habitual alcoholism, lesbianism or
homosexuality
FCC 55 (5) and (6) compare with FC 46(4)
Almelor v RTC, supra
Campos v Campos, A.M. No. MTJ-10-1761, February
08, 2012
(c) Attempt on the life of the other spouse
FC 55(9), compare with NCC 97(2)
(d) Abandonment
FC Art. 55 (10)
FC 101 par. 3, compare with separation in fact
(e) Other grounds
FC 55 (1)
Goitia vs Campos-Rueda, 35 Phils 252
28

2. Who can ask for legal separation

FC 55, compare with NCC 99
3. When may petition be filed
FC 57, compare with NCC 102, NCC 99
Lapuz v. Eufemio 43 SCRA 177
Matubis v. Praxedes 109 Phil 789
4. Court procedure in legal separation
FC 58-60;
Sec 19, RA 9262
A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC. March 4, 2003
Araneta vs Concepcion, 99 Phil 709
Ocampo v Florenciano, 107 Phil 35
Lapuz vs Eufemio, 43 SCRA 177
Samosa vs Vamenta, Jr., 46 SCRA 110
Pacete v. Cariaga 231 SCRA 321
5. Effect of pendency of the petition
(a) cooling-off period, FC 58
(b) right of consortium, FC 61 par. 1
(c) administration of property, FC 61 par. 2
De la Via v. Villareal 41 Phil 13
Sabalones v. CA 230 SCRA 79
(d) Support and custody pendente lite
FC 62 cf. FC 49, FC 198
Yangco v. Rhode, 1 Phil 404
De la Via v. Villareal, supra
29

Araneta v. Concepcion 99 Phil 709

Ramos v. Vamenta 46 SCRA 110
Lerma v. CA 61 SCRA 440
Pacete v. Cariaga supra
6. Defenses in actions for legal separation FC Article 56
(a) Consent
FC 56(2); NCC 100
Matubis v. Praxedes, supra
People v. Sansano 50 Phil 73
People v. Schneckenberger 73 Phil 413
(b) Condonation
FC 56(1)
Ginez v. Bugayong 100 Phil 616
(c) Recrimination
FC 56(4)
Brown v. Yambao 102 Phil 168
Ong vs Ong, 505 SCRA 76, G.R. No. 153206, October
23, 2006
(d) Collusion/Mutual Consent
FC 60
FC 56(3), (5), compare with NCC 101 and 221(3)
Brown v. Yambao, supra
Ocampo v. Florenciano 107 Phil 35
7. Effects of decree of legal separation

30

(a) On personal relations, FC 63

(b) On the custody of children
FC 63(3); FC 213
NCC 106(3)
P.D. 603 (CYWC) Art. 17 par. 3
Matute v. Macadaeg, 99 Phil 340, May 30, 1956
(c) On property relations
FC 63(2), FC 64, FC Art. 102 (4), 129 (7)
(d) On support, FC 198
(e) On the use of surname
NCC 372
Laperal v. Republic 116 Phil 672
(f) On hereditary rights, FC 63(4)
(g) Solo Parents Act RA 8972
8. Reconciliation, FC 65-67
9. Effect of death of one of the parties
Lapuz vs. Eufemio 43 SCRA 314
Macadangdang vs. CA 108 SCRA 314

VII. RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF SPOUSES

1 Tolentino 338 - 355
cf. NCC 113-114
A. Obligation to love each other, FC 68
31

B. Obligation to live with the other spouse

1. General rule and exceptions
FC 68 71; FC 72
Art. 100; 127; 101
NCC 921 (4)
RPC 11 (2)
RPC 247
Republic v Molina, supra
Goitia v. Campos-Rueda, supra
Arroyo v. Vasques-Arroyo 42 Phil 54
Cuaderno v. Cuaderno 12 SCRA 505
Ilusorio vs. Bildner, G.R. No. 139789. May 12, 2000.
2. Designation of domicile
(a) General rule: jointly
FC 69 par. 1, compare with NCC 110
Abella v. COMELEC, 201 SCRA 335
De la Via v. Villareal, supra at pp. 16-21
(b) Exception, FC 69 par. 2
C. Joint management of family life
FC 71, 94 (last par.), 121 (last par.), 122, 146
D. Joint Obligation to Support
FC 70,194, 94 (1), 94 (last par.), 121, 122 (1), 146
SSS v De los Santos, G.R. No. 164790, August 29, 2008
SSS v Favila, G.R. No. 170195, March 28, 2011
32

E. The right to exercise a profession or calling

FC 73, compare with NCC 117
FC Art. 94 (2), (3); FC Art. 121 (2), (3)
Art. II Sec. 14 and Art. XIII Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution
cf. NCC 113 compare with ROC Rule 3 Sec. 4
cf. R.A. 7192, An Act Promoting the Integration of Women as
Full & Equal Partners of Men in Development and Nation
Building
cf. R.A. 8187, An Act Granting Paternity Leave...
RA 9710, Magna Carta of Women
F. Related rights/obligations
Republic v Molina, supra.
Yasin v. Shariah Court 241 SCRA (1995)
G. Enforcement of Rights of Women and Children
Republic Act No. 9262 Anti-Violence Against Women and Children
Sharica Mari Go Tan vs Spouses Tan, GR No. 168852, Sept.
30, 2008
Dolina v Vallecera, G.R. No. 182367, December 15, 2010

VIII. PROPERTY RELATIONS OF THE SPOUSES

A. Requisites for validity of marriage settlements
FC Art. 75; 130 (3); 103 (3)
1. Prior to marriage: modifications
33

FC 1; FC 76 (modifications after marriage)

FC 66, 67, 128, 135, 136
2. Form & registration requirement, FC 77, NCC 1357, 1358,
NCC 709
3. Celebration of the marriage, FC 81 cf. Art. 86 (1)
B. Parties to a marriage settlement
1. Who may enter into settlements
(a) minors, FC 78
(b) persons under civil interdiction, NCC Art. 38, 39,
FC 79, RPC 34, FC 135 (1)
(c) incapacitated persons, FC 79, in rel. to NCC 38-39
2. Participation of parents/guardians Art. 78
C. Which law governs property relations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Stipulation in marriage settlements, FC 80

If both Filipinos
Mixed marriage between Filipino and alien
If both aliens
For property located outside RP
FC 80 (2) and (3) in rel. To NCC 16
FC 80 (3) in rel. To NCC 17 (1)

D.

Donations propter nuptias

1. Definition, FC 82
Solis vs Solis, 53 Phil 912 [1928]
Velasquez v CA, G.R. No. 126996. February 15, 2000
2. Form of Donations, FC Art. 83, NCC Arts. 748-749
34

Valencia v Loquiao, GR 122134, October 3, 2003

Heirs of Doronio v Heirs, G.R. No. 169454, December
27, 2007
3. Who may be donors FC Art 83
4. What may be donated by a spouse as donor
(a) present property, FC 84
(b) future property, FC 84; NCC 761
Mateo vs Lagua, 29 SCRA 864
(c) encumbered property, FC 85
(d) donations in the marriage settlements, FC 81
5. Void donations by the spouses, FC 87
(a) Donations during the marriage
Ching v Goyanko, GR 165879, November 10, 2006
(b) Donations in common law marriages
Matabuena v. Cervantes 38 SCRA 284
SSS v Davac, G.R. No. L-21642. July 30, 1966
Bienvenido v. Court of Appeals, 237 SCRA 676
Sumbad vs CA, 308 CRA 575
Arcaba vs. Tabancura vs. de Batocael, G.R. No.
146683. Nov. 22, 2001
Probate v De Jesus, G.R. No. 168733. March 27,
2006
Dycaico v SSS, G.R. No. 161357. June 6, 2006
Ching v Goyanko, GR 165879, November 10,
2006

35

6. Revocation of donations propter nuptias, FC 81, 86(1)

(a) revocation by donor, FC 86; NCC 765; FC Art. 50; 43 (3)
Mateo vs Lagua, 29 SCRA 864
(b) by operation of law, FC 44; 61; 43 (3)

E. Absolute community of property (ACP)

1. When applicable, FC 75, 103 (3); 130 (3); 92 (3)
2. Commencement, FC 88
3. Waiver during marriage, FC 89 (1) cf NCC 168
4. Waiver after marriage, FC 89 par. 2
5. Suppletory rules:
Co-ownership, FC 90; of NCC 484-501
6. What constitutes ACP, FC 91
Memorize!
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

All property at time of marriage

Property acquired subsequently
Winnings from gambling, FC 95 cf NCC 164
Presumption of ACP, FC 93 of NCC 160

Muller v Muller, G.R. No. 149615, August 29, 2006

7. What is excluded from ACP, FC 92; 142
36

8. Charges upon ACP, FC 94

Luzon Surety Co., Inc. vs De Garcia, 30 SCRA 111
Gelano vs CA, 103 SCRA 90
G-Tractors, Inc., vs CA, 135 SCRA 192
(a) Family expenses cf. FC 100 (3), FC 121(5) and FC 94 (1),
(4), (5)
Francisco v Gonzales, G.R. No. 177667, September 17,
2008
(b) Debts of spouses, Art. 94 (2) and (3)
(c) Subsidiary liabilities, Art. 94 (9)
Buado vs. CA, G.R. No. 145222, April 24, 2009
(d) Sole obligations of a spouse, Art. 94
e Gambling losses, FC 95
f Other charges, Art. 94
9. Ownership, FC 90, FC 96 in rel. to NCC 206
10. Administration and enjoyment of ACP
(a) joint administration, FC 96; FC 90
Yu Bun Guan vs Ong, 36 SCRA 559
Dar v Legasto, G.R. No. 143016, August 30, 2000
(b) Sole administration
(1) incapacity, FC 96 (2) no court order
(2) separation in fact FC 100 (3) with court
order, of separate property
(3) abandonment, FC 101 with court order

37

(5) pendency of legal separation proceeding, FC

61 with court order
(c) Disposition and encumbrance, FC 96-98
Matthews vs. Taylor, GR 164584, June 22, 2009
11. Effect of separation de facto, FC 100; 101; cf. FC 239
summary proceedings for court authority to
dispose
12. Effect of abandonment, FC 101, FC 72 damages,
rescission/nullity of a contract
13. Causes for dissolution of ACP, FC 99
(a) Death, FC 103 cf. Rule 73 Sec. 12 ROC
Heirs of Go v Servacio, GR 157537, Sept. 7, 2011
(b) Legal separation, FC 63(2); FC 66
(c) Annulment and declaration of nullity, FC 50 in rel. to
FC 43 (2), 147, 148
(d) Judicial separation of property, FC 134-138
Ugalde v Ysasi, GR 130623, February 29, 2008
14. Effects of dissolution
(a) Liquidation procedure, FC 102
(b) For cause other than death, FC 43 (2); FC 63(2); 147;
148
(c) Termination due to death, FC 104
Buenaventura v CA, G.R. No. 127358. March 31, 2005
Dino v Dino, GR 178044, January 19, 2011
Yu v Reyes-Carpio, GR 189207, June 15, 2011

38

15. For marriages before FC, FC 104 cf Art. 103 (3)

Delizo v. Delizo, 69 SCRA 216
16. Support during ACP liquidation

F. Conjugal partnership of gains

Belcodero v. CA 227 SCRA 303 BALIO
Jocson v. CA 170 SCRA 333 BALIO
Ansaldo v. Sheriff, 64 Phil 115 BALIO
Sps. Estonina v. CA G.R. No. 111547, Jan. 27, 1997 BALIO
1. When CPG commences and applies
(a) Marriages under FC, FC 107 cf. FC 88, FC 89
(b) Marriages before FC, FC 105(2) of FC 256
Castro vs. Miat, 397 SCRA 271 BALIO
( c) When applicable, FC 105 of FC 74-76
(d) Suppletory rules, FC 108 cf. NCC 1767-1768
2. What is included in the CPG, FC Art. 106
Titan v David, G.R. No. 169548, March 15, 2010 BALIO
Imani vs. Metrobank, G.R. No. 187023,
November 17, 2010. PASCUAL
3. What is excluded from CPG
(a) Brought as exclusive property, FC 109(1)

39

Laperal v. Katigbak, 10 SCRA 493 PASCUAL

Francisco v CA, G.R. No. 102330, November 25,
1998 PASCUAL
(b) Acquired by gratuitous title during marriage,
FC 109 (2) of FC 113, FC 115
Veloso v. Martinez, 28 Phil 255 PASCUAL
Berciles v. GSIS,128 SCRA 53, cf. FC 115
PASCUAL
(c) Acquired by redemption/exchange, FC 109(3), NCC
1601, 1619
Plata v. Yatco, 12 SCRA 718 PASCUAL
(d) Purchased with exclusive money, FC 109(4); of FC
118-119
(e) Properties of parents
Laurena vs CA, GR 159220, September 22, 2008
3. Administration of exclusive property
(a) By the spouse-owner, FC 110
(b) By the other spouse, FC 110 2nd par; FC 142, 75, 227
Veloso v. Martinez, supra
Manotok Realty v. CA, 149 SCRA 372 BORJA
Ong vs CA, 204 SCRA 297 BORJA
4. Encumbrance/disposition of exclusive property
FC 111-112, of FC 236, amended by RA 6809
Palanca v. Smith-Bell, 9 Phil 131 BORJA
Wong et al. v. IAC 200 SCRA 792 BORJA

40

5. What constitutes CPG

(a) Definition, FC 106
(b) Presumption of CPG, FC 116
Torela v. Torela, 93 SCRA 391 BORJA
Magallon v. Montejo, 146 SCRA 282 PANGAN
Cuenca v. Cuenca, 168 SCRA 335 PANGAN
Titan v David, G.R. No. 169548, March 15, 2010
PANGAN
Imani vs. Metrobank, G.R. No. 187023,
November 17, 2010.
Dewara v Lamela, GR 179010, April 11, 2011
PANGAN
De La Pena v Avila, G.R. No. 187490, February
8, 2012 PANGAN
( c) What are included in CPG, FC 117, 115, 118, 119,
120
Memorize!
Cheesman vs IAC, 193 SCRA 93 Pangan
Villanueva vs CA, 427 SCRA 439 ORTEGA
Zulueta v. Pan-Am 49 SCRA 1 ORTEGA
Mendoza v. Reyes 124 SCRA 154 ORTEGA
Aguete v PNB, GR 170166, April 6, 2011
ORTEGA

ORTEGA
MENDOZA

(d) If property bought by installments, FC Art. 118

Jovellanos v CA, G.R. No. 100728 June 18, 1992
Tarrosa vs. De Leon, GR 185063, July 23, 2009
(e) Credits due, FC 119
(f) Improvements on CPG property, FC 120

41

Padilla vs Padilla, 74 Phil 377 MENDOZA

Caltex vs Felias, 108 Phil 873 MENDOZA
Vda de Padilla vs Paterno, 3 SCRA 678
MENDOZA
Munoz, Jr. v Ramirez, GR 156125, August 25, 2010
MENDOZA
6. Charges upon and obligations of CPG, FC 121, 122
Mariano vs CA, 174 SCRA 59
Ayala vs CA, 286 SCRA 272
Ching vs CA, 423 SCRA 356
Homeowners Savings and Loan vs. Dailo, G.R. No. 153802,
Mar.11, 2005
Spouses Ching vs Family Savings Bank, GR No. 167835, November 15,
2010
Ando v Campo, GR 184007, February 16, 2011
(a) With consent
Javier v. Osmea, 34 Phil 336
G-Tractors v. CA, 135 SCRA 192
Mariano v. CA 174 SCRA 59
Ong v. CA 204 SCRA 297
Ayala Investment vs. CA (February 12, 1998)
Security Bank vs. Mar Tiera Corp., G.R. No. 143382, Nov.
29, 2006
Aguete v PNB, GR 170166, April 6, 2011
(b) Without consent
Luzon Surety v. De Garcia, 30 SCRA 118
BA Finance v. CA, 161 SCRA 608
Costuna vs. Domondon, 180 SCRA 333
Carlos vs. Abelardo, 380 SCRA 361
Villanueva vs Chiong, GR 59889, June 5, 2008
Ravina v Villa-Abrille, GR No. 160708, Oct. 16, 2009
Fuentes v Roca, GR No. 178902, April 21, 2010
42

(c) personal debts, FC 122

People v. Lagrimas, 29 SCRA 153
Buado vs Buado, supra
(d) winnings from gambling, FC 123

7. Ownership, administration and enjoyment

(a) Joint administration, FC 124 cf. FC 96, 142
Guiang vs CA, 291 SCRA 372
Roxas v. CA 198 SCRA 541 [1991]
Docena vs. Lapesura, 355 SCRA 658
Alinas vs Alinas, GR No. 158040, April 14, 2008
Aggabao vs. Parulan, G.R. No. 165803, Sept. 1, 2010
(b) Sole administration
1

Incapacity, FC 124, 253

Uy vs. CA, 346 SCRA 246

(2) Separation in fact, FC 100 (3), 127(3)

(3) Abandonment, FC 101, 128
(4) Pendency of legal separation proceedings, FC 61
Sabalones v. CA 230 SCRA 79
(c) Disposition and encumbrance, FC 124-125; FC 97, 121 (8),
NCC 1145 (1)
Costuna vs. Domondon, 180 SCRA 333
43

Felipe v. Heirs of Aldon, 120 SCRA 628 (see NCC 1390)

Cheeseman v. IAC 193 SCRA 93
Ayuste vs.CA, G. Rno. 118784, Sept. 2, 1999
Frenzel vs. Catito, G.R. No. 143958, July 11, 2003
Villaranda vs. Spouses Villaranda, G.R. No. 153447,
Feb. 23, 2004
Ainza vs.CA, G.R. No. 165420. June 30, 2005 (see NCC
1145)
Ravina v Villa-Abrille, GR No. 160708, Oct. 16, 2009
Siochi v Gozon, G.R. No. 169900, March 18, 2010
Fuentes vs. Roca, G.R. No. 178902, April 21, 2010
Aguete v PNB, GR 170166, April 6, 2011
Flores v Lindo, GR 183984, April 13, 2011

8. Effect of separation de facto, FC 127, FC 100 cf. FC 239

9. Effect of abandonment,
FC 128 cf. FC 101
Partosa-Jo v. CA 216 SCRA 693
10. Dissolution of CPG, FC 126
(a) Death, FC 126 (1), 130
Heirs of Go v Servacio, GR 157537, Sept. 7, 2011
(b) Legal separation, FC 63 (2), FC 66
(c) Annulment and declaration of nullity, FC 50 in rel. To FC
43 (2)
(d) Judicial separation of property, FC 134-138
Ugalde v Ysasi, GR 130623, February 29, 2008
9 Effects of dissolution, FC 129

44

Metropolitan Bank vs Pascual, GR No. 163744, Feb. 29, 2008

Tarrosa vs De Leon, GR 185063, July 23, 2009
Cabreza v Cabreza, GR 171260, September 11, 2009
Cabreza v Cabreza, GR 181962, January 16, 2012
(a) Liquidation procedure, FC 129
(b) Cause other than death, FC 129; FC 43(2), FC 63(2)
(c) termination due to death; FC 130, cf. FC 104
10. For marriages before FC, FC 131
11. Applicability of Rules of Court, FC 132
12. Support during CPG liquidation, FC 133
Santero v. CFI, 153 SCRA 728
G. Regime of separation of property
1. When applicable
(a) In the marriage settlements, FC 143-146
(b) When mandatory, FC 103 & FC 130
(c) Reconciliation in legal separation, FC 66(2)
(d) Judicial separation of property
Ugalde v Ysasi, supra
2. Property covered, FC 144
3. Administration
(a) By the owner-spouse, FC 145
(b) By the other spouse, FC 142
(c) FC 100 (3); 101
4. Family expenses, FC 146
5. Conveyances between the spouses, FC 87, NCC 1490
45

H. Judicial separation of property

1. When possible, FC 134
Maquilan vs Maquilan, June 8, 2007

2. For sufficient cause, FC 135 cf. FC 55 (10); 229(4), 231,

232
Ugalde v Ysasi, GR 130623, supra
Sales v Sales, GR 174803, July 13, 2009
3. Voluntary separation of property, FC 136, FC 74-75, FC 134
4. Effects of judicial separation of property
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

liquidation of CPG or ACP, FC 137 par. 1

support pendente lite, FC 137 par. 2
regime after JSP, FC 138 of FC 66 (2)
binding effect on third parties, FC 139-140; of FC 66(2)
Laperal v Katigbak, supra.

5. Revival of property regime after JSP, FC 141 cf. FC 67, 135,

142
6. Transfer of administration of exclusive property, FC 142 cf
NCC 196; FC 96; FC 124
I. Property regime of unions without marriage
Review: FC 6, 35 (2), 35 (3), 35 (5), 36, 38, 53; FC 41, 44; FC 45
(Void and voidable marriages)
46

1. Unions under FC 147, 6, 35, 36, 53, cf. NCC 144

Valdes v. QC RTC, supra
Carino vs. Carino, supra
Gonzales vs Gonzales, 478 SCRA 327
Dio v Dio, GR 178004, January 19, 2011
2. Unions under FC 148 of FC 50 in rel. to FC 49(2) and FC 50

J.
IX.

Juaniza v. Jose, 89 SCRA 306

Bienvenido v. CA 237 SCRA 676
Agapay vs Agapay, 276 SCRA 340
Domingo v. CA 226 SCRA 572 ( All Opinions)
Tumlos vs. Sps. Fernandez, G.R. No. 137650, Apr 12, 2000
Adriano v CA, 328 SCRA 738
Malilin vs Castillo, 333 SCRA 628
Villanueva vs CA, 427 SCRA 439
Atienza vs.de Castro,G.R. No. 1695698, Nov. 29, 2006
Signey v SSS, GR No. 173582, Jan. 28, 2008
Borromeo vs Descallar, GR No. 159310, Feb. 24, 2009
Heirs of Maramag vs De Guzman, GR 181132, June 5, 2009
Lacbayan v Samoy, G.R. No. 165427, March 21, 2011 (see
Brion Separate Opinion)

FAMILY RELATIONS
A. What governs family relations, FC 149
Alavado v. City of Tacloban, 139 SCRA 230
B. Effects of family relationship on legal disputes
FC 150 - 151
NCC 2035
ROC Rule 16 Sec. 1(j)
RPC 20, 247 and 332

47

Gayon v. Gayon, 36 SCRA 104

Wainwright v. Versoza, 26 SCRA 78
Magbaleta vs Gonong, 76 SCRA 511
Tribiana vs.Tribiana, G.R. No. 137359, Sept. 13, 2004
Hiyas Savings and Loan Bank, Inc. vs. Acua, G.R. NO. 154132,
August 31, 2006
Intestate Estate of Gonzales v People, G.R. No. 181409, February 11,
2010

C. The family home

1. What constitutes the family home, FC 152, 156
2. Who may constitute the family home, FC 152, FC 161
3. When deemed constituted, FC 153
4. When terminated, FC 153 compare with FC 159
5. Beneficiaries, FC 154, 194-196, 199
Patricio vs. Dario, G.R. No. 170829, November 20, 2006
6. Exemptions, FC 155, FC 157, FC 160

7. When may be sold, FC 158

Modequillo v. Breva, 185 SCRA 766
Siari Valley v. Lucasan, 109 Phil 294
Honrado v CA, GR 166333, Nov. 25, 2005
Cabang vs Basay, GR No. 180587, March 20, 2009
8. Rights of creditors, FC 160-162

48

Ramos v Pangilinan, GR 185920, July 20, 2010

Equitable v OJ Mark, G.R. No. 165950, August 11, 2010
De Mesa v Acero, G.R. No. 185064, January 16,
2012

49

X.

PATERNITY AND FILIATION

A. Concept of paternity, filiation and legitimacy, FC 163
B. Legitimate children, FC 164 cf. FC 165 in rel to NCC 256-257,
166, 167, 168, 169
Tan v. Trocio, 191 SCRA 764
Angeles vs Maglaya, 469 SCRA 363
Sayson v CA, G.R. Nos. 89224-25 January 23, 1992
SSS vs. Aguas, G.R. 165546, Feb. 27, 2006
Rivera vs Heirs of Villanueva, GR No. 141501, July 21,
2006
1. Who are considered legitimate children
(a) Conceived during marriage
cf. ROC Rule 131 Sec. 3(dd)
FC Art. 168
1. valid marriage
2. terminated marriage under FC 42 in rel. to FC
43(1)
3. void marriages under FC 53, 36
4. voidable marriages, FC 45
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

Born during marriage

Conceived by artificial insemination cf. NCC 40, FC 164
Adopted children
Legitimated children

2. Rights of legitimate children, FC 173-174

NCC 364, 374, 376
NCC 888, NCC 979
Moore v. Republic, 8 SCRA 282
50

Naldoza v. Republic, 112 SCRA 658

Ong vs CA, 272 SCRA 725
Rep. vs CA, 300 SCRA 138
Continental Steel v Montano, supra
C. Illegitimate children
1. Who are considered illegitimate
(a) under NCC
(b) under FC 165
Joanie Surposa Uy v Jose Ngo Chua, G.R. No.
183965, September 18, 2009
2. Rights of illegitimate children, FC 173, 172, 175-176
Osmea de Valencia v. Rodriguez, 84 Phil 222
Uyguangco vs CA, 178 SCRA 684
Mangulabnan v Acero, GR 71994, May 31, 1990
Briones vs. Miguel, 440 SCRA 455, October 18, 2004
Montefalcon v Vasquez, GR No. 165016, June 17, 2008
Heirs of Maramag vs De Guzman, GR 181132, June 5, 2009
De la Cruz vs Gracia, G.R. No. 177728, July 31, 2009
Manungas v Loreto, GR 193161, August 22, 2011
DOJ Opinion No. 11 Series of 1990
DOJ Opinion No. 4, Series of 1998
D. Action to impugn legitimacy
Reyes vs. Mauricio, G.R. No. 175080, November 24, 2010

51

1. Grounds, FC 166
Memorize!
(a) Physical impossibility of access
Andal v. Macaraig, 89 Phil 165
Macadangdang v. CA, 100 SCRA 73
Concepcion vs. CA, G.R. No. 123450, Aug. 31, 2005
(b) Biological or other scientific grounds
A.M.No.06115SC(RULEONDNAEvidence)effective
October15,2007
FC170,171
Agustin, June 15, 2005
Herrera vs. Alba, G.R. No. 148220, June 15, 2005
Estate of Rogelio Ong v. Minor Joanne Diaz, G.R. No. 171713,
Dec. 17, 2007
Lucas v Lucas, GR No. 190710, June 6, 2011
(c.) FC 166(3)
2. Effect of a mothers declaration, FC 167
Chua Keng Giap v. IAC, 158 SCRA 18
3. In subsequent marriages, FC 168, 169
People v Quitoriano, January 20, 1997
4. Presumptions, FC 170, 171
5. Prescription of action to impugn legitimacy

52

Gaspay v. CA, 238 SCRA 163

6. Who may impugn
Benitez-Badua v. CA, 229 SCRA 468
Liyao, Jr. vs. Tanhoti-Liyao, 378 SCRA 563
Republic v Magpayo, GR 189476, Feb. 2, 2011

E. Proof of Filiation
1. Of legitimate children, FC 172-173
Diaz vs. Court of Appeals, 129 SCRA 621, June 22, 1984
Tison vs. Court of Appeals, 276 SCRA 582, July 31, 1997
Trinidad vs. Court of Appeals, 289 SCRA 188, April 20, 1998
Labagala vs. Santiago, 371 SCRA 360
De Jesus vs. Estate of Juan Gamboa Dizon, 366 SCRA 499
Ong vs. Diaz, December 17, 2007

2. Of illegitimate children, FC 175

Reyes v CA, 135 SCRA 439
Castro v. CA, 173 SCRA 656
Baluyut v. Baluyut, 186 SCRA 506
Mendoza v. CA, 201 SCRA 675
Jison vs. CA, 286 SCRA 495
Heirs of Gabatan vs CA, GR 150206, March 13, 2009
Jenie San Juan Dela Cruz , et al vs. Ronald Paul S. Gracia,
G.R. No. 177728, July 31, 2009
Lucas v Lucas, G.R. No. 190710, June 6, 2011
2. Rights of illegitimate children, FC 176
David v CA, Noc. 16, 1995
Tonog v CA, Feb. 17, 2002
53

Go vs Ramos, GR 167569, September 4, 2009

3. Compulsory recognition, cf. RPC 345, RPC 46, 59

People v Abella, G.R. No. 177295, January 6, 2010

F. Legitimated Children
1. who may be legitimated, FC 177, RA 9858
Section 1. Article 177 of Executive Order No. 209, otherwise known as
the "Family Code of the Philippines", as amended, is hereby further
amended to read as follows:
"Art. 177. Children conceived and born outside of wedlock of parents
who, at the time of conception of the former, were not disqualified by
any impediment to marry each other, or were so disqualified only
because either or both of them were below eighteen (18) years of age,
may be legitimated."

Abadilla vs Tabiliran, 249 SCRA 447

2. How legitimation takes place, FC 178, FC 180
3. Retroactivity and effects, FC 180-181
DOJ Opinion No. 106 Series of 1991
4. Action to impugn legitimation, FC 182
5. Rights of legitimated children, FC 179

54

XI.

ADOPTION
Lazatin v. Campos, 92 SCRA 250
Cervantes v. Fajardo, 169 SCRA 575
R.A. 8552 (Domestic Adoption Law)
A.M. No. 02-6-02-S.C. (Aug. 22, 2002)
A. Requisites to be an adopter
1. Age and capacity required Sec. 7
2. Husband and wife jointly Sec. 7
In re petition for adoption of Michelle Lim, GR 168992, May
21, 2009
3. Need for consent Sec. 9
Landingin vs. RP, G.R. No. 164948, June 27, 2006
4. Aliens as adopters Sec. 7 (b)
Republic v. Toledano, 233 SCRA 9
R.A. 8043, The Law on Inter-Country Adoption
A.M. No. 02-6-02-S.C. (Aug. 22, 2002)
B. Who may not adopt, Sec. 7
C. Who may be adopted, Sec. 8
D. Who may not be adopted
E. Effect of death, Sec. 13
E Procedure in adoption

55

Republic Act No. 9253, March 12, 2009 - AN ACT

REQUIRING CERTIFICATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL
WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT (DSWD) TO DECLARE A "CHILD
LEGALLY AVAILABLE FOR ADOPTION" AS A PREREQUISITE FOR
ADOPTION PROCEEDINGS

F. Effects of a decree of adoption

1. On status
2. On parental authority,
Tamargo v. CA, 209 SCRA 518
Cervantes v. Fajardo, 169 SCRA 575
3. On hereditary rights, Sec. 18; FC 189-190; Art. 39, PD 603
4. On name
In the Matter of Adoption of Stephanie Garcia, 454
SCRA 541
G. Rescission of adoption, Sec. 19
Lahom vs. Sibulo, G.R. No. 143989, July 14, 2003
1. by the adopted
2. by the adopter/s
3. effects of rescission, Sec. 20

56

XII. SUPPORT
A. What comprises support, FC 194
B. Who are obliged to provide support, FC 195, 196
Pelayo v. Lauron, 12 Phil 453
Sanchez v. Zulueta, 68 Phil 110
De Asis vs. CA, G.R. No. 127578, Feb. 15, 1999
C. Source of support, FC 197-198, cf. FC 49, 70, 94, 121, 122
Lerma v. CA, 61 SCRA 440
Reyes vs Ines-Luciano, 88 SCRA 803
D. Order of support, FC 199, 200, 204
Mangonon vs. CA, G.R. No. 125041, June 30, 2006
Spouses Lim v Lim, G.R. No. 163209, October 30, 2009
E. Manner and time of payment, FC 200-204
F Amount of support, FC 200-208
Lacson vs. Lacson, G.R.No. 150644, August 28, 2006
G Renunciation and Termination, NCC 2035; FC 194; NCC 152
(read Tolentino)
H Support pendente lite, FC 198; Rules of Court, Rule 61
I. Procedure in applications for support, Rule 61

57

XIII. PARENTAL AUTHORITY & CUSTODY OF CHILDREN

A. Concept of parental authority, Art. II, Sec. 2, 1987 Constitution,
FC 209, 211, NCC 356-363
Medina vs. Makabali, 27 SCRA 502, March 28, 1969
Unson vs. Navarro, 101 SCRA 183, November 17, 1980
Bagtas v Hon. Ruth Santos, G.R. No. 166682, November 27,
2009

B. Transfer of PA, FC 210 cf. FC 223-224, FC 234

Eslao vs CA, 266 SCRA 317
C. Who exercises PA, FC 211-213 cf. FC 49, 102(6) and 63(2), FC
Art. 176. 49, 102 (6), 129 (9)
Unson v. Navarro 101 SCRA 183
Espiritu & Layug v. CA, G.R. No. 115640 (1995)
Santos Sr. v. C.A., G.R. No. 113054 (1995)
David vs. Court of Appeals, 250 SCRA 82, November 16, 1995
Tonog vs. CA, 376 SCRA 642
Briones vs. Miguel, G.R. No. 156343, October 18, 2004
Gualberto vs. Gualberto, G.R. No. 154994. June 28, 2005
Silva vs. CA, 275 SCRA 604
Salientes v Salientes, 500 SCRA 128

D. Substitute PA, FC 214-216, FC 233

Vancil vs Belmes, 358 SCRA 707

58

E. Special PA
FC 218-219, FC 233
cf. FC 221 in rel. to NCC 2180
St. Marys Academy vs. Carpitanos, G.R. No. 143363,
February 6, 2002
Child Learning Centre vs. Tagario, GR 150920, NOV. 25, 2005
School of the Holy Spirit vs. Taguiam, GR 165565, July 14,
2008
Aquinas School v Inton, GR 184202, January 26, 2011

F. Filial privilege, FC 215

ROC Rule 130 Sec. 25 cf. Secs. 22 & 23
Lee v CA, GR 177861, July 13, 2010
G. Effects of PA over the childs person,
FC 220-222
FC 223-224
Luna v. IAC, 137 SCRA 7
Cuadra v. Monfort, 35 SCRA 160
R.A. 7610, The Child Abuse Law
G. Effects of PA over the childs property,
FC 225-227
Melchora Cabanas vs. Francisco Pilapil, G.R. No.
L-25843 July 25, 1974
Hebron vs. Loyola, G.R. No. 168960, July 5, 2010
RA 9231, Secs. 12-B and 12-C
59

SEC. 12-B. Ownership, Usage and administration the Working Child's

Income. The wages, salaries, earnings and other income of the working child
shall belong to him/her in ownership and shall be set aside primarily for his/her
support, education or skills acquisition and secondarily to the collective needs of
the family: Provided, That not more than twenty percent (20%) of the child's
income may be used for the collective needs of the family.
"The income of the working child and/or the property acquired through the
work of the child shall be administered by both parents. In the absence or
incapacity of either of the parents, the other parent shall administer the same. In
case both parents are absent or incapacitated, the order preference on parental
authority as provided for under the Family Code shall apply.
"Sec. 12-C. Trust fund to Preserve Part of the Working Child's Income.
The parent or legal guardian of a working child below eighteen (18) years of
age shall set up a trust fund for at least thirty percent
(30%) of the earnings of the child whose wages and salaries from work and other
income amount to at least two hundred thousand pesos
(P200,000.00) annually, for which he/she shall render a semi-annual accounting
of the fund to the Department of Labor and Employment, in compliance with the
provisions of this Act. The child shall have full control over the trust fund upon
reaching the age of majority.

Lindain v. CA, 212 SCRA 725

Badillo vs. Ferrer, 152 SCRA 407
H. Suspension or termination of PA
1. permanent termination, FC 228, 232, cf. RA 6809
2. non-permanent termination, FC 229 cf. FC 193
Secs. 16 and 19, RA 8552 re parental authority and revocation
of adoption
3. suspension of PA, FC 231-230
Chua v. Cabangbang, 27 SCRA 791
De Guzman vs Perez, 496 SCRA 474
4. revival
60

See: R.A. 8369, An Act Establishing Family Courts, Granting Them

Exclusive Original Jurisdiction Over Child and Family Cases.
See: R.A. 7610, Child Abuse Act

XIV. EMANCIPATION
RA 6809
A. Cause of emancipation, FC 234 as amended
B. Effect of emancipation, FC 236 as amended
cf. FC 15, NCC 2180
XV. SUMMARY JUDICIAL PROCEEDINS UNDER FC
Arts. 238-253, 100(2), 127(2), 41, 51, 69, 73, 96, 124, 217, 225
XVI. SURNAMES
NCC 364-380
RA 6085 regulating the use of aliases, August 4, 1969
Republic v Tanada, GR L-31563, Nov. 29, 1971
Ursua v CA, GR 112170, April 10, 1996
RA 9255, FC 176
Naldoza v. Republic, supra
Ng Yao Sing v. Republic 16 SCRA 483
Llaneta v. Agrava, 57 SCRA 29
Telmo v. Republic, 73 SCRA 29
Tolentino v. CA, 162 SCRA 66
Legamia v. IAC, 131 SCRA 479
61

Yasin v. Hon. Judge Sharia Court G.R. No. 94986 (1995)

In the Matter of the Adoption of Stephanie Nathy Astorga
Garcia, G.R. No. 148311, March 31, 2005.
In Re Change of Name, Julainan Carulasan Wang, G.R. No.
159966.March 30, 2005
Remo v DFA, March 5, 2010
Gonzaludo v People, G.R. No. 150910, February 6, 2006
XVII. RULES GOVERNING PERSONS WHO ARE ABSENT
NCC 381-383, 384-389, FC 96, 101, 124, NCC 390-396, FC 41
Reyes v. Alejandro, 141 SCRA 65
Eastern Shipping v. Lucero, 124 SCRA 425
Manuel vs. People, G.R. No. 165842, Nov. 29, 2005
Pantollano v Korphil, GR 169575, March 30, 2011
XVIII.

FUNERALS
NCC 305-310, FC 195
Eugenio v. Velez, 185 SCRA 425

XIX.

ENTRIES IN THE CIVIL REGISTER

NCC 407-413
ROC, Rule 108
RA 9048
Barretto vs Local Civil registrar, 74 SCRA 257
Republic v Valencia, GR L-32181, March 5, 1986
Republic v. Marcos, 182 SCRA 223
Labayo-Rowe v. Republic, 168 SCRA 294
Zapanta v. Registrar, 237 SCRA 25v
Leonor v. Court of Appeals, 256 SCRA 69
Silverio vs. RP, G.R. No. 174689, October 22, 2007
Republic vs. Capote, G.R. No. 157043, February 2, 2007

62

Republic vs. Jennifer Cagandahan, , G.R. No. 166676, Sept. 12,

2008
Jenie San Juan Dela Cruz V Ronald Paul S. Gracia, G.R. No.
177728, July 31, 2009
Ma. Cristina Torres Braza v The City Civil Registrar, G.R. No.
181174, December 4, 2009
Baldos vs. CA, G.R. No. 170645, July 9, 2010
Lee v CA, GR 177861, July13, 2010
Republic vs Mercadera, GR No. 186027, December 8, 2010
Republic v Magpayo, GR 189476, Feb. 2, 2011
Molok v Molok, April 6, 2011
Republic v Sagun, G.R. No. 187567, February 15, 2012

63