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Carnot Cycle, Rankine Cycle, Otto Cycle, Diesel Cycle and Dual Combustion Cycle
Carnot Cycle, Rankine Cycle, Otto Cycle, Diesel Cycle and Dual Combustion Cycle
I am Sana Jafar, and my other team members are Zoha Navaid, Qazi Saud and Qaisar Amin.
We are here to present five basic thermodynamic cycles i.e Carnot cycle, Rankine cycle, Otto
A thermodynamic cycle is a series of thermodynamic processes which returns a system to its initial
state. Properties depend only on the thermodynamic state and thus do not change over a cycle.
Variables such as heat and work are not zero over a cycle, but rather depend on the process.
The first law of thermodynamics dictates that the net heat input is equal to the net work output over
any cycle. The repeating nature of the process path allows for continuous operation, making the
cycle an important concept in thermodynamics.
If the cyclic process moves clockwise around the loop, then it represents a heat engine, and W will
be positive. If it moves counterclockwise then it represents a heat pump, and W will be negative.
P3=p4
p.v conts
2
5
1
V2=V3
V1=V5
3.2
In order to fix the thermal efficiency completely three factors are necessary.
There are the ratio of compression, r v = v1/ v2 ; the ratio of pressure, r p = p3/p2 and the
ratio of volume and cut, rc = v4/v3 .
1
rv
rp rc 1
rp 1 rp rc 1
The efficiency of dual combustion cycle depends not only on the compression
ratio but also on the relative amount of heat supplied at constant volume and at constant
pressure. The best method of calculating thermal efficiency is to evaluate each
temperature throughout the cycle and then use this equation,
1 Q2 / Q1
. The heat
Q1 cv T3 T2 c p T4 T3
Q2 c v T5 T1
The dual cycle is a better approximation to the modern high speed compression
ignition engine than either the Diesel cycle or the Otto cycle.