Chemistry 112.

3
2013-2014 Term 2
Alexandra Bartole-Scott
Office Number : Thorv G51.3
Email : a.bartolescott@usask.ca

Chapter 1 : Matter, Measurement and

Problem Solving
Outline

1) The Scientific Approach

2) The Classification of Matter

3) Properties and Changes of Matter

4) Energy
5) Units and the S.I. system

Read these sections

On your own,
Bring any questions
To next class

6) Reliability of a measurement
7) Solving Chemical Problems
You are responsible for all of Chapter 1 material.

Classifications in matter
How to further classify matter ?

Not in book

Classifying Matter

Page 10

An Example of a Physical Change

changes

that
alter the state or
appearance of
the matter
without altering
the composition
are called
physical changes

More about matter

An Example of a Chemical Change

Page 11

changes that alter the

composition of the matter are
called chemical changes
during the chemical change,
the atoms that are present
rearrange into new molecules,
but all of the original atoms are
still present

C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) 3 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(l)

More about matter

Units of Measurement

Page 16

SI : Systme Internationale
Quantity

Unit

Symbol

Meter

Mass

Kilogram

kg

Time

Second

Temperature

Kelvin

Amount of
substance

Mole

mol

Length

Units

Page 19
Prefix

Symbol

Decimal
Equivalent

Power of 10

1,000,000

Base x 106

1,000

Base x 103

mega-

kilo-

deci-

0.1

Base x 10-1

centi-

0.01

Base x 10-2

milli-

0.001

Base x 10-3

micro-

m or mc

0.000 001

Base x 10-6

nano-

0.000 000 001 Base x 10-9

pico

0.000 000 000 001

Base x 10-12

Nanotechnology refers to length scales

1,000,000,000 times smaller than a meter !
Units

Derived Units

Page 18-20

Definition : Combinations of the base quantities of length,

mass, time, temperature, etc

Examples :

length meters
velocity
time seconds

volume length x length x length meters3

mass g
density
volume m3
mass of component
% composition
x100% [%]
total mass
Units

Working in Groups:
Groups of 4
- Manager reads the questions, keeps track of time,
represents group in the classroom
- Recorder - Writes down the groups answers/work
- Fact-checker looks up important data, equations, etc.
- Presenter does calculations, presents the groups
answers
Task #1: Find a group of 4, move around if you need to
Task #2: Decide roles in group (will give you 5 minutes to get
settled)
Roles should change each lecture day that we incorporate
group work
Task #3: Attempt next question

Example 1.2 Calculating Density

Page 22

A man receives a ring from his fiance. The ring has a mass
of 3.15 g, and displaces 0.233 cm3 of water.

Is the ring made of Platinum?

Units

The Reliability of a Measurement

Page 26

Example 1.3 Reporting the Correct

Number of Digits
What is the volume in this graduate cylinder?

All measurements are susceptible to error.

Reliability of a measurement

Significant Figures

Page 27

Reliability of a measurement

Why are Significant Figures Important?

They tell others how confident you are in a numberyour
ability to communicate and analyze numerical results is
critical whether youre headed for a career as an
engineer, scientist, doctoretc.

For example, fish containing 1.5 ppm (part per million)

mercury are not deemed fit for human consumption. A
sample of tuna is sent to three different labs for analysis.
Labs

Lab A

Lab B

Lab C

Measured
values

1.2 ppm

1 ppm

1.17523 ppm

Which lab result are you most confident in?

Would you feel safe in consuming this sample of fish?

Carrying Significant Figures in Calculations

Pages 30-32

when multiplying or dividing measurements with

significant figures, the result has the same number
of significant figures as the measurement with the
fewest number of significant figures
Examples: How many sig figs in the answer???
5.02
89,665 0.10 = 45.0118
.

5.892

6.10 = 0.96590

Reliability of a measurement

Pages 30-32

when adding or subtracting measurements with

significant figures, the result has the same number
of decimal places as the measurement with the
fewest number of decimal places (example: Money:
$12.46 + $1.54 = $14.00 not $14.0000 or $14.)
5.74

+
4.8

0.823
-

3.965

2.651 = 9.214
=

0.835

Most students forget about the addition-subtraction rule!!

Reliability of a measurement

Example 1.5 Significant Figures

In Calculations

Page 32

Perform each calculation to the correct # of significant figures

You can calculate these on your ownbut how many sig
figs??
(a) 1.10 x 0.5120 x 4.0015 3.455

(b) 0.355 + 105.1 100.5820

3 sig figs

1 decimal place

(c) 4.562 x 3.99870 (452.6755 452.33) 2 decimal places in

bracket leads to 2 sig figs

(d) (14.84 x 0.55) 8.02

1 decimal place

For more practice Significant Figures Practice sheet on p.

xxxiii of Lab Manual (due on First lab)
Reliability of a measurement

Error

Page 33

Error Type

Definition

Systematic

Inherent error. For example, poor

instrument calibration.
Can be identified and eliminated !

Random

Limitations in the skill of experimenter

ability to read a scientific instrument.

Accuracy - How close your experimental measurement is

to the correct answer.
Precision - Refers to the degree of reproducibility of a
measured quantity.
Reliability of a measurement

Accuracy vs Precision Example 1

Accuracy vs Precision Example 2

Accuracy vs Precision Example 3

Converting Units

Pages 34-35

Mass
Density
Volume

m, V

Mass
Volume
Density

m, D

V, D

Mass Density Volume

Converting Units

Example 1.6 Density as a

Conversion Factor

Page 37

A 747 is fueled with 173,231 L of jet fuel. If the density of the

fuel is 0.768 g/cm3, what is the mass of the fuel in kg?
Work in groups
Reminder: Roles Manager
Recorder
Fact-checker
Presenter

Conversions

Challenge problem-Groups

Not in book

The density of copper is 8.92 g/cm3 If a 10.00 g sample of copper is

Placed into a graduated cylinder that contains 15.0 mL of water,
What is the total volume of the mixture?? ie. How high does the
Water get in the grad cylinder?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

15.0 mL
25.0 mL
16.1 mL
1.12 mL
23.9 mL

Example 1.7 p40

Find the radius r, in cm of a spherical droplet of water with a
volume of (V) of 0.058 cm3 .
For a sphere, V = 4/3 r3

Your job for next class

Get a workbook and lab manual if you dont already have them
Get supplies (safety glasses, calculator etc),
complete the Significant Figures Practice Sheet on page xxxiii
Register for masteringchemistry.com using access kit
Read through Chapters 1 and 2 of workbook since we will be doing
Problems from Chap 2 next class!