SOLUTIONS FOR MAXWELL-EQUATIONS SYSTEM IN A STATIC

CONFORMAL SPACE-TIME
G. MURARIU1, GH. PUSCASU2
1

Faculty of Sciences, University Dunrea de Jos, Galai, Domneasc Street, No. 111, Romnia
2
Faculty of Computer Science, University Dunrea de Jos, Galai
E-mail: Gabriel.Murariu@ugal.ro
Received December 15, 2008

In this paper we have continued our studies from our previous works about the
boson stars. The aim of this Letter is to study the SO ( 3,1) U (1) gauge minimally
coupled charged spinless filed to a time dependent and spherically symmetric space-time.
Supposing the private case of an electromagnetic field we have suggested on
establish the concrete dependence on the space-temporal coordinates of the electric and
magnetic fields. The calculations are performed with the Mathematica and Maple
programs which have attached the GrTensor platform. In this paper we succeed in reaching
general solutions for the Maxwell system equations in first order of approximation.

1. INTRODUCTION

The study of the boson stars (BS) systems can be drawn back more than 30
years ago. The starting point was due by the Kaups work [1] and Ruffini and
Bonazzalos papers [2]. They succeed in founding asymptotical solutions of the
Einstein-Klein-Gordon equations for spherically symmetric equilibrium. Jetzer and
van der Bij extended the BS model to include the coupling with an U(1) gauge
group [3]. All these models have demonstrated the same characteristic: new
interactions tend to increase the critical values of mass and particle number,
although the particular values are very model dependent.
It is important to mention here the computations performed by M.A. Dariescu
and C. Dariescu which are of considerable interest in general relativity [47].
This result originates from the following specific feature of boson stars; the
boson star is protected from gravitational collapse by the Heisenberg uncertainty
principle, instead of Pauli s exclusion principle that applies to fermionic stars.
In this paper we have continued the studies from our previous works. The
main focus of this contribution is to integrate the equations of the electromagnetic
field in the static conformal space-time background.

Paper presented at the 4th National Conference on Applied Physics, September 2526, 2008,
Galai, Romania.

Rom. Journ. Phys., Vol. 55, Nos. 12, P. 4752, Bucharest, 2010

G. Murariu, Gh. Puscasu

48

2. THEORY

The main focus of our paper is to succeed in reaching the first order solution
of the Maxwell system equations in the static conformal background. Therefore we
will concentrate on the special case, namely we will obtain the fields equations
within a tetrad frame associated with this space-time configuration.
In a series of preceding works [47] it was described how can be performed
the computation for the components of an orthonormal tetradic system in different
space-time configurations. In this way, still it was developed specific software
package in order to succeed in reaching these particular frames [5, 8].
Let us consider a spherically symmetric configuration describe by a static
conformal metric tensor type, expressed in Schwarzchild coordinates as

ds 2 = e 2( t + ) a (r ) 2 dr 2 + e 2( t + ) ( r 2 d 2 + r 2 sin ( ) d 2 )
e 2( t + )b(r ) 2 dt 2

(1)

For this space-time configuration, the pseudo-orthonormal tetradic frame

e
{ a }a =1,4 , with the correspondent metric tensor ab of minkowskian kind

ab = diag [1 1 1 1]
is related to the dual base given by the following relations:

1 = e( t + ) a(r )dr
3 = e( t + ) a(r )r sin d

2 = e( t + ) rd
4 = e( t + )b(r )dt

Considering a charged boson of mass m0 coupled to the electromagnetic

field, described by the SO(3,1) U (1) gauge invariance Lagrangean density [1, 2,
47] of the form
1
L = ab , a ,b + m 0 2 + F ab Fab
(2)
4
where we used (.)|a = ea ( ) and
,a = |a ieAa , ,a = |a + ieAa

(3)

In this way, the Maxwell tensor

Fab = Ab:a Aa:b
(4)
is expressed in the terms of the Levi-Civita covariant derivative of the fourpotential { Aa }a =1,4 , i.e.

Aa ;b = Aa|b Ac c ab

(5)

Maxwell-equations system in a static conformal space-time

49

Working in the minimally symmetric ansatz A1 = A1 (r , t ) , A4 = A4 (r , t ) ,

= (r , t ) [47], the single non-vanishing Maxwell tensor component is

F14 = F41 =
= e

( t + )

a(r ) A1,t b '(r ) A4 b( r ) A4, r + a (r )A1

a(r )b(r )

(6)

The Klein - Gordon equation can be derived using (2) by varying with respect
to scalar fields,
2

m0 = 2ieA c |c + e 2 A c Ac and its hermitic conjugated.

(7)

and admit the explicit form

e 2( t + )
a ( r ) 2 b( r ) 2

2b(r ) 2 a '(r )b(r ) 2

+ b '(r )b(r )
,r
a(r )

2 ,t a (r ) 2 + b(r ) 2 ,rr a( r ) 2 ,tt m0 2 =

= 2iee

( t + )

(8)

1
2
2
A1 ,r
A4 ,t + e 2 ( A1 ) ( A4 )

b( r )
a(r )

and its h.c.

The resulting Maxwell system equations

F ab:c = ie ab ( |b ieAb ) ( |b ieAb )

(9)

on the particular ansatz, can be written as

2 t +
e ( ) a (r ) ' b '(r )b(r )
a '(r )

A4
b(r ) 2 A4, r +
2
2
a ( r ) b( r )
a(r )
a(r )
a (r )b(r )
A1,t
+ a (r )b '( r ) ( A1 + A1,t ) b(r ) + b '(r ) 2 A4 + 2
r
b '(r )b(r )
a(r )b(r )
2
A4 + b( r )b '(r ) A4,r + b(r ) 2 A4,rr + 2
A1 +
r
r

e 2( t + )
a ( r ) 2 b( r ) 2

b( r ) 2
A4,r a( r )b(r )A1, r + b(r )b "(r ) A4 ]
2
r

( t + )

a(r )b(r ) A1,rt = ie

b( r )

and respectively

,t

,t ) + 2e 2 A4

(10)

G. Murariu, Gh. Puscasu

50

e 2( t + )
2a(r ) 2 A1,t + a(r )b '(r ) ( A4 A4,t ) +
a ( r ) 2 b( r ) 2
+ a (r )b(r ) ( A4,r A4,rt ) +
= ie

e 2( t + ) 2
( A1 + A1,tt ) =
b( r ) 2

(11)

e ( t + )
( ,r ,r ) 2e2A1
a(r )

while the necessary Lorentz condition can be read as

e ( t + )
2b(r )

b(r ) A1, r 3a(r )A4 +

A1 a (r ) A4,t + b '(r ) A1 = 0

a (r )b(r )
r

(12)

For a completeness discussion and for the sake of the results, should be built
up the energy-momentum tensor
Tab = :a :b + :b :a + Fac Fb c ab L ,

(13)

in order to succeed in deriving the Einstein equation

Gab = kTab ,

(14)

which adopt the explicit expression

e 2( t + )
a (r ) 2 ( b(r ) 2 + r 2 2 ) b(r ) 2 2rb '( r )b(r ) =

a ( r ) 2 b( r ) 2 r 2

1
2

= ( ;1 ;1 + ;4 ;4 ) m02 ( F14 )
2

and

e 2( t + )
ra(r )3 b( r ) 2

(15)

3
2
a (r ) r a (r ) ( b '(r )b( r ) rb(r )b "( r ) ) +

+ a '(r ) ( b(r ) 2 + rb( r )b '( r ) ) =

1
2

= ( ;1 ;1 ;4 ;4 ) + m02 ( F14 )
2

(16)

respectively
e 2( t + )
a (r )3 ( 3r 2 2 + b(r ) 2 ) + b(r ) 2 ( 2ra '(r ) a(r ) ) =
2
3
2

r a ( r ) b( r )
1
2

= ( ;1 ;1 + ;4 ;4 ) + m02 + ( F14 )
2

(17)

Maxwell-equations system in a static conformal space-time

51

The aim of this paper is to compute the first order solutions for the KleinGordon-Maxwell system equations and using them to compute the electric charge
density of the boson system.
2. KLEIN-GORDON-MAXWELL FIRST ORDER SOLUTIONS

For solving, we start with the physically reasonable assumptions that can be
neglected the feedback of gravity in the first order approximation [1, 2, 4, 5]. This
estimation is due in order to succeed in ahead calculate approximately the reaction
on the curved manifold functions. The equation for potential (imposing = 0 ,
a(r ) = b(r ) = 1 and = 0 ) can be written as:
2
, rr ,t ,tt m0 2 = 0
and h.c.
(18)
r
with the solutions
N
N
= ei (t kr )
and
= e i (t kr )
(19)
r
r
Using the same conditions, from Maxwell equations it can be read, from (10)
and (11)
2
N
1
1
A1, rr +
A1, r 2 A1 A1,tt = 2ek 2
(20)
2r
2r
r
and respectively
2
N
2
A4,rr + A4, r A4,tt = 2e 2
(21)
r
r
The solution for the first Maxwell equation has the form
A1 =

ek N
r

+ 4ek N

(22)

while from the second Maxwells equation, can be found the general solution of the
progressive wave form [1113]
F ( t r ) + 2 F2 ( t + r )
2
2
A4 (r , t ) = 2e N log ( r ) 2e N + 1
(23)
r
Using these results, the electric charge density

j4 = ie

e ( t + )
( ,t ,t ) + 2ieb(r )e(t +)A4
b( r ) 2

(24)

has the explicit expression

2
2

e2 N N
2

+
j4 = 2
N

b(r ) r 2 r

(25)

52

G. Murariu, Gh. Puscasu

Acknowlegdments. In this paper we succeed in reaching general solutions for the Maxwell
system equations in first order of approximation [4, 14]. This estimation is due in order to succeed in
ahead calculate approximately the response on the curved manifold functions [4, 6]. In this way we
get a sensitive generalization of our previous computations for the electromagnetic field. Future
works will contain such responsecalculation. A thoughtful analysis of symmetries of such solutions
should be developed [9]. The author warmly thanks to all for useful suggestions and advices which
significantly improved of present paper.

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