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12) Sistem Produksi Berbasis Proyek
12) Sistem Produksi Berbasis Proyek
12) Sistem Produksi Berbasis Proyek
Definition
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生産システム研究室 2003/12/10
• .
Project
Project x1 Project x2 ... xm-1
Project xm
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生産システム研究室 2003/12/10
Planning
Organizing Scheduling
Training
Optimization
Project Contract
Risk management management management
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生産システム研究室 2003/12/10
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生産システム研究室 2003/12/10
Tools
Project Planning Time and cost estimates
1. Setting goals Budget, Cash flow
2. Defining the project Personnel
3. Tying needs into timed Material ability
project activities Engineering diagram
4. Orginizing the team
Project scheduling
1. Tying resources (people, money, Tools
supplies) to specific activities Gantt Chart, CPM,
2. Relating activities to each other PERT
3. Updating and revising on regular Cash flow schedules
basis
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Start of the project
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生産システム研究室 2003/12/10
Systems
integration
Market
survey
Process Quality
planning specs
Feasibility
Idea study Cost Training Production
Facilities
Technology
assessment
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生産システム研究室 2003/12/10
Basic steps:
• Define the project and all its significant tasks or
activities
• Develop the relationship among the activities. Decide
which activities must precede and which must follow
others
• Draw the network connecting all of the activities
• Assign time and cost estimates and required resources
to each activity
• Compute the longest time path through the network.
This is called the critical path
• Use the network to help plan, schedule, monitor and
control the project
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生産システム研究室 2003/12/10
• On any given date, is the money spent equal to, less than,
or greater than the budgeted amount?
• Are there enough resources available to finish the project
on time?
• If the project is to be finished in a shorter amount of time,
what is the best way to accomplish this at the least cost?
Conventions
• Activity-on-Arrow (AOA)
Arrows are used to represent activities, while
nodes represent starting and ending points of
activities
• Activity-on-Node (AON)
Nodes represent activities, while arrows
represent precedence relationships
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生産システム研究室 2003/12/10
Convention
.
Activity A Activity B
Event 1 Event 2 Event 3
(network)
A sequence of activities
with beginning and
ending events
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Example 1
Activity Immediate predecessor
A -
B -
C A
D B
2
C
A
1 4
B D
3
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生産システム研究室 2003/12/10
Example 2
Example 2
.
2 4
1 6
3 5
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生産システム研究室 2003/12/10
Example 3
Example 3
.
2 5
A C G
E
1 7
4
B D F
H
3 6
C E
2 Dummy 5
A G
Dummy activity
1 7
B
C
3 4 6
D F
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生産システム研究室 2003/12/10
⎧ ⎫
FS ( j ) = Min ⎨ ES (i ) ⎬ − EF ( j )
⎩ i∈S ( j ) ⎭
S(j): immediate successors of activity j
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生産システム研究室 2003/12/10
Example 4
Activity Duration
1-2 2
1-3 7 2
3
2
2-3 4 4
1 4
2-4 3
3-4 2 7
3
2
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生産システム研究室 2003/12/10
Example 4
.
ES, EF
2 LS, LF
3 2 6
6 3
2 2 3 2
2
1 9
0 9
1 0 4 5
4
0 9
0 9
0 6 9
7 7
7 7 2
7
7 7
3
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Example 4
Activity Duration ES EF LS LF TS
1-2 2 0 2 1 3 1
1-3 7 0 7 0 7 0
2-3 4 2 6 3 7 1
2-4 3 2 5 6 9 4
3-4 2 7 9 7 9 0
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生産システム研究室 2003/12/10
• The variance
a +of4completion
m+b time for activity i
te =
6
vi = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 6 ⎠
V= ∑v i
i∈critical path
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生産システム研究室 2003/12/10
Activity a m tb v
1-2 3 4 5 4 1/9
1-3 1 3 5 3 4/9
2-4 5 6 7 6 1/9
3-4 6 7 8 7 1/9
Gantt chart
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生産システム研究室 2003/12/10
Gantt chart
.
Activity Duration W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9
1-2 2 weeks
1-3 7 weeks
2-3 4 weeks
2-4 3 weeks
3-4 2 weeks
Gantt chart
Activity Duration W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9
A 2 weeks
B 7 weeks
C 4 weeks
D 3 weeks
E 2 weeks
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生産システム研究室 2003/12/10
Crashing
Cost-time Curves
Time Cost
8 weeks $300
7 weeks $400
Cost
6 weeks $600
$600
Y-Axis
$500
$400
$300
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生産システム研究室 2003/12/10
for activity i
M i
Ci
Ki =
Mi
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1 4 4
7 2
3
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生産システム研究室 2003/12/10
Further Readings
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