Professional Documents
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High Rise Brochure
High Rise Brochure
High Rise Brochure
Our Offices
www.ThorntonTomasetti.com
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Cover: Petronas Towers - Kuala Lumpur City Centre (Michael Goodman photo)
Contents
1
Introduction
1.0
Practice Profile
1.1
1.2
1.3
10
12
2.0
12
2.1
13
2.2
Project Delivery
15
Case Studies
18
3.0
Taipei 101
18
3.1
Petronas Towers
20
3.2
22
3.3
Plaza 66
24
3.4
Comcast Center
26
3.5
Shanghai Tower
28
3.6
30
3.7
31
3.8
Eurasia Tower
32
3.9
Naberezhnaya Tower
33
3.10
34
3.11
Diamond of Istanbul
35
3.12
36
3.13
37
3.14
38
3.15
39
3.16
Tameer Towers
40
05
06
1.0 Introduction
Practice Profile
Thornton Tomasetti is a global engineering consultancy with practices in building
structure, building skin and building performance, serving clients from offices
in the United States, United Kingdom, Asia, Russia and the Middle East.
We collaborate with leading architects to design influential and iconic
building structures, with an emphasis on providing innovative structural
solutions. Our experience and ability to deliver outstanding projects that
meet the demands set by challenging programs is underpinned by a team of
highly motivated individuals who contribute to the success of projects.
Our 50+ years of experience is both broad and deep, collaborating on projects of all
sizes and complexities. An impressive portfolio of elegant, economic and sustainable
projects is a result of achieving a clear and detailed understanding of architectural
concepts and constraints. Throughout our work, close liaison with fellow consultants
and contractors helps to generate ideas and promotes high standards of design and
construction. It also ensures the efficient integration of architecture, structure, building
services and infrastructure that we consider essential for a successful project.
07
1.1 Introduction
08
1.2 Introduction
Skin Systems
Point-Support Glazing
Membrane Roof Structures
Cable Nets and Anticlastic
Structures
Grid Shells
Movable Enclosures
Custom Components
Skin Materials
Structural Glass
ETFE Systems
Fabric Systems
Interactive Faade Technologies
Skin Sustainability
Energy Analysis
Daylighting Analysis
Vegetated Roofs
Photovoltaics
Specialty Services
Material Evaluation/Selection
Advanced Geometry Analysis
Finite Element/Nonlinear Analysis
Custom Component and
System Design
Virtual Prototype Development
Fabric sails
We worked with architect Audrey Matlock to develop this faceted unitized curtain wall for Chelsea Modern in New York.
09
1.3 Introduction
200 5th Avenue - New York, N.Y. (courtesy Graham P. Clegg Studios Architecture)
10
11
New Design
In recent years, supertall buildings
have become more structurally
challenging and visually exciting. Lateral
accelerations on windy days and
differential column shortening (postconstruction creep and shrinkage) as
height increases pose special challenges.
Powerful computer programs now aid
in geometric modeling and structural
analysis. Increased understanding
of wind and seismic loads, and new
architectural and structural materials,
along with improved construction
technologies, all facilitate the design
process. This knowledge base
buttressed by our understanding of
the interaction between structural
12
Value Engineering
Design criteria and construction
methodology are just two of the key
components of supertall buildings that
often require expert review and value
engineering. Often local codes and
practices, or construction materials
and methods that are appropriate
for conventionally sized projects are
applied to supertall designs for which
they were never intended. We have
experience around the globe in helping
reviewers understand and apply current
international standards for these unique
projects. We also assist contractors and
developers by sharing best practices.
Benefits of BIM
Effective development of BIM
can improve drafting efficiency,
13
14
Project Delivery
Automation
We continually develop customized
software tools that automate processes
to increase efficiency and work product
quality. We focus on automation of
repetitive and otherwise time-consuming
tasks in analysis, design and modeling.
In-house routines provide interoperability
among software packages allowing
optimal transfer of design information
among BIM platforms, spreadsheets, and
structural analysis programs. This saves
time and ensures the integrity of our
structural design as it moves from one
model to another. In addition, we define
We provided erection engineering for the multi-crane lift of this 32-foot deep,
200-foot long-span truss at Sight and Sound Theatre, Branson, Mo.
15
16
Taipei 101
Taipei, Taiwan
Our services were engaged by C.Y. Lee and Partners to provide concept
and preliminary designs, and to review the final structural design by
the local engineer of record. We also responded to questions from the
architect and advised the architect and owners during construction.
Owner
Taipei Financial Center
Corporation
Architect
C.Y. Lee and Partners
General Contractor
KTRT Joint Venture
Taipei 101 features a 508-meter, 101-story tower with a unique profile, a fivestory deep basement and a surrounding six-story retail structure. Thanks to
tapering walls, most floor plan areas vary between 2,000 and 2,500 square
meters (21,500 to 27,000 square feet), though they are as small as 47 square
meters above the main roof. Building aspect ratio (height/width) to the main
roof is about nine based on its waist (and 6.8 counting the wider base). The
Taipei tower is equipped with the fastest elevators in the world, taking only
39 seconds to reach the observatory on the 89th floor: Window of Future.
The building is designed to open upwards, representing a blossoming
flower that signifies financial richness, as well as everlasting vitality
in the Chinese culture. Repeated references to the number eight also
reflect local culture. The architecture of the building relies upon the
concept of inwardly slanted observatories. When used in conjunction
with the high-tech, energy conserving, transparent glass materials and
the innovative lighting design, the building is crystal-clear and elegant.
Completion Date
2004
Construction Cost
$1.7 billion U.S.
Total Area
2,200,000 sf
(204,386.7 m)
Number of Stories
101-story tower
5-story deep basement
Height
508 m (1,667 ft)
Awards
Concrete Industry Board, 2004
Out-of-State Award of Merit
Popular Science
2004 Grand Award
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19
Petronas Towers
Kuala Lumpur City Centre (KLCC)
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Owner
KLCC (Holdings) Sdn. Bhd.
Architect/Owner
Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects with
Adamson Associates
Completion Date
The Petronas Twin Towers at Kuala Lumpur City Centre represents one of our
proudest achievements in structural engineering design. The slender towers
soar 452 meters (1,483 feet) above Kuala Lumpur and culminate in gleaming
stainless-steel pinnacles. Their dramatic Islamic-themed design is enhanced
by a sky bridge at floors 41 and 42 that connects the towers and creates
a visual gateway to a major public park. The sky bridge was designed with
slender structural members rather than heavy trusses to be compatible with
the architecture of the buildings and was constructed more than 150 meters
above street level. It accommodates independent movement of the towers
as they sway with wind loads. The KLCC complex also includes a 5,143-car
underground garage, a seven-story retail facility and an acoustically isolated 864seat concert hall that spans over the entryway to the towers and retail areas.
1999
Construction Cost
$1 billion U.S.
Total Area
3.3 million sf
(306,580 m)
Number of Stories
88
Height
452 m (1.483 ft)
Awards
The Aga Khan Award for
Architecture 2004
20
21
Petronas Towers - Kuala Lumpur City Centre (Micheal Goodman photo)
Owner
The New York Times Company
Architects/Client
Renzo Piano Building Workshop
FXFowle Architects
Developer
Forest City Ratner Co.
General Contractor
(Core and Shell)
AMEC Construction Mgmt. Inc.
General Contractor (Interiors)
Turner Construction
Completion Date
2007
Construction Cost
$650 million
Total Area
1.7 million sf
(157,935 m)
Number of Stories
52
One-story cellar below grade
Height
319 m (1,046 ft)
Awards
AIA 2009 Institute Honors Award of Excellence 2008,
AIA New York State
CTBUH 2008 Best Building
Award - Americas
ACEC New York Diamond
The New York Times Building - New York, N.Y. (David Sundberg/Esto photo)
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23
The New York Times Building - New York, New York (David Sundberg/Esto photo)
Plaza 66
Shanghai, China
Plaza 66 consists of two towers, retail space on a five-story podium
and three levels of below grade parking. A special feature of the first
tower is the great height that is accomplished on a small footprint.
The concrete tower soars 288 meters (945 feet) above the city
featuring a narrow irregular-shaped lantern on the rooftop.
As structural engineer, one of our challenges was the skylight roof design
that covers the seven-story atrium in the retail podium. The oval-shaped
atrium roof is approximately 200 feet by 125 feet. The cross sections of its
members vary along the span, as do the cross sections of its supporting
columns, resulting in a visually dynamic but technically challenging atrium.
The 48-story second tower was also built on a small footprint. The concrete
tower was complicated by lateral stability concerns, poor site soil, seismic
considerations, high water table, limitations of locally available building
materials, and construction between new and existing buildings.
A conventional concrete frame-shear core wall lateral support system and
deep mat with long friction pile were used to produce a functional building
economically, and using local labor and materials almost exclusively.
Owner
Hang Lung Realty
Architect/Client
Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates PC
Completion Date
Tower I 2001
Tower II 2006
Construction Cost
$400 million U.S.
Total Area
2,300,000 sf
(213,729 m)
Height
Tower I 288 m (945 ft)
Tower II 228 m (749 ft)
Number of Stories
Tower I 66-story tower with 10-story
tower crown and three-level basement
Tower II 48-story tower and
three-level basement
24
25
Comcast Center
One Pennsylvania Plaza
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
At just under 1,000 feet, Comcast Center not only is the tallest
building between New York and Chicago, it also reflects engineering
and design lessons Thornton Tomasetti learned after leading the
assessment of the 9/11 collapse of the World Trade Center towers.
Elevators, sprinklers, communications systems, and stairwells are
encased in a massive concrete core that stretches the full height of the
building. Stairwells are 10 inches wider than code to allow for easier
evacuation. And because the building footprint is small and the core
relatively slim, the exterior walls are thicker than usual 54 inches
thick up to the 20th floor to minimize flexing due to wind stress.
In addition to integrating new safety designs, the building has expansive open
public spaces, which needed to be designed without columns. A nine-story
glass winter garden leads to a three-story lobby and atrium that is a 90-foot
column-free span. In addition, a tuned liquid-column mass damper a
300,000-gallon reservoir of water is installed near the top of the building to
increase the occupant comfort by limiting movement of the building from wind.
The project received LEED-CS (core and shell) certification.
26
Owner
Liberty Property Trust
Architect/Client
Robert A.M. Stern Architects
Environmental Consultants
Atelier Ten
Completion Date
2007
Construction Cost
$352 million
Total Area
1.35 million sf
Number of Stories
57
Height
297 m (975 ft)
27
Shanghai Tower
Shanghai, China
Thornton Tomasetti is providing structural engineering for another of the
worlds most distinctive and innovative high-rise buildings. The mixed-use
development comprises of 4,090,285 square feet and at 632 meters (2,074
feet), the Tower is the world's third tallest building under construction.
The building features world-class offices, luxury hotels, retail, convention
facilities, observation decks and a 2,200 seat arena. Connections to
the Shanghai Metro and three floors of parking are below grade.
Thornton Tomasetti engineered a simple, safe and cost-effective structural
system that enables a creative architectural form. The exterior of the tower
is a twisting triangle that tapers with height, which drapes around an inner
concrete structure comprising nine cylinders stacked one atop another.
We developed an efficient design of super columns with outriggers that
also support the twisting-form curtain wall. The outrigger trusses and super
columns derive stiffness from the concrete inner building, comprising an
effective system for resisting wind and seismic loads for super tall buildings.
The project incorporates the latest sustainable technologies, including
wind turbines and solar panels as renewable energy sources to achieve a
low carbon footprint. The project will seek certification as a LEED project
by the China Green Building Council (in association with the USGBC).
28
Developer
The Shanghai Tower Construction
and Development Company
Architect
Gensler
Completion Date
2014
Total Area
4.1 million sf
Height
632 m (2,074 ft)
29
Moscow International
Business Center
Moscow, Russia
(courtesy Enka)
Thornton Tomasetti is providing structural engineering services for three major projects in the New Moscow
International Business Center. These include Federation Towers for the Mirax Group, Eurasia Tower for Eurasia
IPG and Naberezhnaya Tower for the Enka Development Group. Completion of MIBC central core and towers is
scheduled for 2011.
B
A
(courtesy Enka)
Moscow International Business Center. A: Federation Tower B: Eurasia Tower C: Naberezhnaya Tower
Moscow International Business Center A: Federation Tower B: Eurasia Tower C: Naberezhnaya Tower
30
Architect
NPS Tchoban Voss
General Contractor
Mirax/StroyMontazh Moscow
Completion Date
2011
Total Area
3.5 million sf
Adjacent to the 93-story East Tower is its 64-story twin, the West
Tower. A 448-meter stiletto-like, glass dressed elevator mast and spire
visually unites these two sail-shaped buildings. Connecting the two
towers and the mast are pedestrian bridges at the 33rd and 61st floors
and the observation platform at the 87th floor. The Federation Tower
(325,160 m)
Height
448 m (1,470 ft) - Elevator
Mast and Spire
(courtesy Enka)
Prix dExcellence
(courtesy Enka)
Federation Tower
Federation Tower
Federation Tower
31
Eurasia Tower
Moscow, Russia
The second tallest building in Moscow, this 72-story, two-million-square-foot
commercial and residential development in the all-new Moscow International
Business Center, features a five-story underground parking garage and concourse,
connected to MIBC Central Core, which will be home to shopping malls and
entertainment facilities. The 1,000-foot (300-meter) tall building is the first highrise in Russia that utilizes a composite "steel/concrete" core, composite structural
steel/concrete deck floors and steel exterior columns construction. Thornton
Tomasetti has provided complete structural engineering services, including
Project Phase (SD and DD), Construction Documents and CA Phases.
Owner/Client
Eurasia IPG, Moscow
Design Architect
Swanke Hayden Connell
General Designer
Gorproekt, LLP
Completion Date
2010
Total Area
2 million sf
(185,806 m)
Number of Stories
72
Height
300 m (1,000 ft)
Enka Tower
Enka Tower
32
Enka Tower
Naberezhnaya Tower
Moscow, Russia
Owner/Client
Enka Development Group
Client/Architect/Contractor
Enka Construction Corp.
Completion Date
66
2008
Total Area
1.2 million sf
(111,483 m)
Number of Stories
Height
(courtesy Enka)
Naberezhnaya Tower
ThorntonTomasetti
Tomasetti- Tall
- Talland
andSupertall
Supertall
Thornton
33
33
Owner/Development
New Ring of Moscow/Moscapstroy
Client/Project Manager
Interstroi
Thornton Tomasetti is participating in the 15-year, 80-million-squarefoot High-Rise Residential Development Program New Ring of
Moscow,initiated by the City of Moscow, to replace residential buildings
built in the 1950s and 1960s. About 60 high-rise residential complexes are
to be constructed, creating a ring of modern and comfortable dwellings
equipped with convenience shopping, parking garages and parks. Green
building technology will be utilized in building systems and materials.
Architect
Swanke Hayden Connell Architects
Total Area
5 million sf (464,515 m)
Number of Stories
Lublino
Crystal
34
Marino
Lublino: 42 stories
Crystal: 45 stories
Marino: 51 stories
Diamond of Istanbul
Istanbul, Turkey
Diamond of Istanbul is a Y shaped, 270-meter high-rise, mixeduse building which will be the tallest in Turkey. The tower contains
office space, residential apartments, and a luxury hotel, with parking
and a retail mall at the podium and eight levels below grade.
Architect/Client
Hema Industry
Dome Architects
Owner
The Hattat Group
Completion Date
2010
It is about 24 kilometers (15 miles) north of the Main Marmara fault, part of the
North Anatolian fault system, a 1,500-kilometer (930-mile) fault zone through
the Sea of Marmara and east into Turkey. Our seismic design work on Diamond
of Istanbul began in 2005 with conventional code-based design of the tower
and surrounding podium and deep basement. In addition, we completed a
nonlinear time history (NLTH) analysis in recognition of Diamond of Istanbuls
height, slenderness, unusual geometry and seismically active location.
Construction Cost
$250 million U.S.
Total Area
1.8 million sf
(170,000 m)
Height
35
Owner
Doosan Construction and
Engineering
Architect
DeStefano + Partners
aerodynamic, and reduces wind forces. Also helping improve stability and
comfort for occupants is the very wide stance, with an aspect ratio of nearly
1:7. The efficient design of the core wall, which is butterfly-shaped in cross
Height
Haeundai U-Dong, We've the Zenith - Busan, South Korea (courtesy DeStefano)
36
Completion Date
2012
Total Area
4.1 million sf
(622,450.4 m)
Number of Stories
70 and 80
Owner
American International Group
The Seoul Metropolitan Government
Developer/Project Manager
AIG Global Real Estate
Client/Architect
Arquitectonica
Construction
GS Construction, POSCO
Construction
Completion Date
2013
Construction Cost
$1.6 billion U.S.
Total Area
Retail and Parking 193,625 m
(2,083,405 sf)
Three office towers and one hotel
330,120 m (3,552,090 sf)
37
38
Owner
Portman Consortium
Client/Architect
John Portman & Associates
Completion Date
2014
Total Area
6.5 million sf
(603,869.76 m)
Total Height
600 m (1,968 ft)
Client/Architect
KPF
Owner
Ping An Life Insurance
Company of China, Ltd.
Completion Date
2012
Construction Cost
$678 million U.S.
Total Area
468,600 m
39
Tameer Towers
Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.
The Tameer Towers Development on Al Reem Island, Abu
Dhabi, U.A.E. is to be the landmark development of the Shams
Masterplan, and a new iconic structure for the region.
The site is split into residential and commercial sections, and comprises
two 63-story residential towers and two 43-story commercial
towers. Located in a moderately active seismic zone, on reclaimed
land with a high water table, it is bisected by an eight-lane highway
in one direction and by a canal in the orthogonal direction.
A 76-story commercial tower is the centerpiece of the development and
features one of the worlds largest atriums, and a distinctive reinforced
concrete diagrid exoskeleton. The diagrid creates a continuous lateral system
for the towers exterior, making it more than just an imposing faade.
Owner/Client
Tameer Holdings
Architect
Gensler
Completion Date
To be determined
Total Area
9 million sf
(836,127 m)
Number of Stories
One 76-story commercial tower
Two 63-story residential towers
Two 43-story residential towers
One 30-story hotel
11-story podium
40
4-story basement
Height
314 m (1,030 ft)
41