Homework 2

Problem 1
Solution:
Defect density data with mR calculations:
= 1457 / 20 = 72.85
Average two point moving range (

) = (393)/19 = 20.73

n=2
CLx =

= 72.85

Upper Natural Process Limit = UNPLX = X + 2.660 mR = 128.02

Lower Natural Process Limit = LNPLX =

2.660 mR = 17.68

Centerline or average moving range = CLR =

= 20.73

Upper Control Limit for moving range = UCLR = D4 mR = 3.268 (20.74) = 67.78
Sigma for individual values = sigmaX = mR / d2 = 20.74 / 1.128 = 18
Peer Review productivity data with mR calculation:
Average defects per hour, X

= 1.35

Average two-point moving Range, mR

= 0.70

n=2
Centerline (average of individual values) = CL x =

= 1.34

Upper Natural Process Limit = UNPLX =

+ 2.660 mR

= 3.20

Lower Natural Process Limit = LNPLX =

2.660 mR

= - 0.51

Centerline or average moving range = CLR = mR

Upper Control Limit for moving range = UCLR = D4
Sigma for individual values = sigma X = mR

= 0.70
mR = 3.268 (0.70) = 2.28

/ d2 = 0.70 / 1.128 = 0.62

I think that the process is stable. This is because most of the values are within the
specified limit. From both the tables, we can observe that data plots fall between upper
and lower control limits, but there are few instances where the range is out of limit, but
as of now the process is stable, but may not be stable for a long time.
Problem 2:
Solution:
There are 5 specific practices defined in Organizational Process Performance (OPP):
SG 1: Establish Performance Baselines and Models
SP 1.1 Select Processes
SP 1.2 Establish Process-Performance Measures
SP 1.3 Establish Quality and Process-Performance Objectives
SP 1.4 Establish Process-Performance Baselines
SP 1.5 Establish Process-Performance Models.
Specific practice 1.4 (Establish Process-Performance Baselines) can be implemented
using Control Charts (XmR charts). Specific practice 1.4 focuses on establishing and
maintaining process-performance baselines. These processes are evaluated in detail
and at different levels to really understand the organizations processes. Control charts
can help measure process where we can create acceptable limits and with the help of
that we can characterize our performance baseline.
Implementing this can be time consuming. It usually takes organizations years to
achieve OPPs requirements because of the work involved and specific practices. As,
the organization needs to have the process defined and requires data to be collected,
which can take many years. It takes time, cost and required training for qualified people
should be given which is time consuming. We need to collect measurement data for a
good baseline, but it takes time to analyze data. But, if the commitment is taken from
larger company, then it takes years as lot of people are involved and there is change in
process. So, It usually takes organizations years to achieve OPPs requirements
because all these factors must work together to increase the level of process maturity.