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Derivation of Negative Moments Coefficients
Derivation of Negative Moments Coefficients
A. E. Hassaballa
H. E. M. Sallam
Email: fat470@yahoo.com
Email: tomali99@yahoo.com
Email: em_sallam@yahoo.com
I. INTRODUCTION
A continuous beam is a structural component which is
classified as a statically indeterminate multi span beam on
hinged supports along its length. These are usually in the
same horizontal plane, and the spans between the supports
are in one straight line. The end spans may be cantilever,
may be freely supported or fixed supported. The
continuous beam provides resistance to bending when a
l
2
8
l
Fig.1. Fixed End Moments at ends of beam carry
uniformly distributed load and according to support
condition
2
12
= ?
EA, IA,
LA
A
= 0
B
EB, IB,
LB
C
= 0
Deflected Shape
=
, =
(1)
LNS-1
LN
S
Table 1: Spreadsheet for member ends moments calculations according to the moment distribution method
Joints
Length(m)
Loads(kN/m)
1
1
1
k
k
D.F
F.E.M(kN.m)
Release
C.O
Moments
4
4
1
0
0.00000
-0.00396
0.000
7.478
0.535
0.125
-0.00791
0.00000
0.113
2
1.15
1
3.478
7.478
0.465
-0.11
-0.00688
0.00812
-0.113
6.555
0.531
0.1102
0.01625
-0.00344
0.126
3
1.3
1
3.077
6.555
0.469
-0.141
0.01438
0.00906
-0.126
5.836
0.527
0.1408
0.01813
0.00719
0.140
4
1.45
1
2.759
5.836
0.473
-0.175
0.01625
0.03798
-0.140
5.259
0.525
0.1752
0.07596
0.00813
0.259
5
1.6
1
2.5
5.259
0.475
-0.32
0.06884
0.00000
-0.259
2.5
1
0
0.00000
0.03442
0.000
Note that the actual number of cycles is more than it appears in the Table (1).
(4)
+
where:
i is refer to the support.
C is the negative moment coefficient at the intended
support.
Ms is the negative moment at that support.
LL is span length left to support
=
C1-R
C1-L
C1-L
C2-L
C1-L
C1-L
C1-L
C1-L
C1-L
C1-L
C2-L
C2-L
C3-L
C3-L
C3-R
C2-R
C3-R
C4-R
C4-L
C5
C1-R
C2-R
C4
C4-L
C1-R
C2-R
C3-L
C3-L
C1-R
C3
C2-L
C2-L
C2-L
C2
C1-R
C2-R
C2-R
C3-R
C4-R
C1-R
C3-R
C1-R
C2-R
C1-R
S2
S3-L
S(4-10)-L
S3-R
S (4-10)-R
0.0007
0.0028
0.0006
0.0028
0.0007
0.0136
0.0089
0.0018
0.0062
0.0015
From the Table (2) the STD for the values of C1 for the
ratios 1.0 and 1.1 and for 2, 3 spans and from 4 to 10 spans
are found to be less than 0.003, this value allows to use an
average value for the two ratios.
For the ratios from 1.2 to 2 the STD for the 2 spans and
3 spans somewhat is high, but for the number of spans
from 4 to 10 is less than 0.002, so the using of an average
value is possible.
The final values of C1 are summarized and tabulated as
shown in Table (3).
Table 3: C1-CoefficientValues after Filtration
Ratio
S2
S3-L S3-R S(4-10)-L S(4-10)-R
0.106
0.100
1 & 1.1 0.126
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
0.128
0.131
0.135
0.140
0.145
0.150
0.156
0.161
0.167
0.092
0.088
0.085
0.082
0.078
0.075
0.072
0.069
0.066
0.107
0.110
0.113
0.116
0.118
0.120
0.122
0.124
0.125
S4
0.071
0.101
C2
S (5-10)
L
0.078
S (5-10)
R
0.078
C3
S (6-10)
L&R
0.085
0.080
0.076
0.085
C4
C5
S (8-10)
S10
L&R
0.083 0.083
0.083
0.083
0.110
C1
0.126
C1
0.100
C1
0.106
C1
0.106
C1
0.106
C1
0.106
C1
0.106
C1
0.106
C2
0.078
C2
0.078
C2
0.078
C2
0.078
C2
0.078
C3
0.085
C4
0.083
C1
0.106
C2
0.078
C3
0.085
C4
0.083
C4
0.083
C1
0.106
C2
0.078
C3
0.085
C3
0.085
C3
0.085
C3
0.085
C2
0.071
C2
0.078
C1
0.106
C1
0.100
C4
0.083
C2
0.078
C3
0.085
C4
0.083
C1
0.106
C2
0.078
C1
0.106
C2
0.078
C3
0.085
C4
0.083
C1
0.106
C3
0.085
C1
0.106
C2
0.078
Fig.7. C coefficients for the ratios 1.0 and 1.1 for Different Number of Spans
C1
0.106
C1-L
0.101
C1-L
0.101
C1-L
0.101
C1-L
0.101
C1-L
0.101
C2-L
0.080
C2-L
0.080
C2-L
0.080
C2-L
0.080
C3-L
0.085
C4-L
0.083
C1-R
0.110
C2-R
0.076
C3-R
0.085
C4
0.083
C4-L
0.083
C1-R
0.110
C2-R
0.076
C3
0.085
C3-L
0.085
C3-L
0.085
C3-L
0.085
C2-L
0.080
C2-L
0.080
C1-L
0.101
C1-L
0.101
C2
0.069
C2-R
0.076
C3-R
0.085
C4-R
0.083
C4
0.083
C1-R
0.110
C2-R
0.076
C1-R
0.110
C2-R
0.076
C3-R
0.085
C4-R
0.083
C1-R
0.110
C3-R
0.085
C1-R
0.110
C2-R
0.076
C1-R
0.110
Fig.8. Values of C coefficients for the ratios 1.2to 2 for Different Number of Spans
Note: For 2 and 3 spans the Table (4) can be used or using Equations 6.
Ex. No.
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
Ex. No.
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
w = 12kN/m
EI=const
L1 m
B
L2 m
Table (6)-1: Input Data and Coefficients of Moment (C) for Example 1
L1 (m)
L2 (m)
R
C1
4
4
1
0.126
4
4.4
1.1
0.126
4
5.2
1.3
0.131
4
8
2.0
0.167
Table (6)-2: Calculations of Negative Moments at Joint B for Example 1:
R
M (PROKON)
M (C1)
Diff%
M (C1)
1
24.0
24.2
0.83%
1.1
26.64
26.67
0.11%
1.3
33.36
33.26
0.29%
33.52
2.0
72
72.14
0.2%
-
C1
0.132
-
Diff%
0.47%
-
EI=const
L1 m
C
L2 m
L3 m
Ex. No.
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
L2 (m)
4
4.2
4.4
4.8
5.6
6
8
L3 (m)
4
4.4
4.2
5.6
4.8
8
6
R
1
1.1
1.075*
1.4
1.3*
2
1.75*
C1-L
0.1
0.1
0.098**
0.085
0.102**
0.066
0.1185**
C1-R
0.1
0.1
0.098**
0.113
0.102**
0.125
0.1185**
Diff%
0.00%
3.75%
3.24%
0.16%
2.25%
0.32%
9.78%
EI=cons B
C
D
L2 m
L3 m
L4 m
t L1 m
Fig.10. Continuous Beam of 4-Spans
Table (8)-1: Input Data and Coefficient of Moment (C) for Example 3
Ex. No.
L1 (m) L2 (m) L3 (m) L4 (m)
R
C1-L
C1-R
3-1
4
4
4
4
1
0.106
0.106
3-2
4
4.4
5
6
1.5
0.101
0.110
3-3
4
6
5
4.6
1.3*
0.108**
0.095**
3-4
4
6
7
8
2.0
0.101
0.110
3-5
4
8
7
6
1.8*
0.108**
0.095**
3-6
4
4.4
4.1
4.3
1.1*
0.106
0.106
*is the average ratio.
**is the modified coefficient.
Copyright 2015 IJEIR, All right reserved
620
C2
0.071
0.069
0.090**
0.069
0.090**
0.071
M-L-C1
(PROKON)
M
(C1-L)
Diff%
M-RC1
(PROKON)
M
(C1-R)
Diff%
M-C2
(PROKON)
M
(C2)
Diff%
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
17.14
18.49
27.10
25.84
43.22
18.72
16.96
17.82
27.00
25.25
38.88
18.70
1.05%
3.64%
0.37%
2.28%
10.04%
0.12%
17.14
35.53
22.09
64.13
40.2
18.85
16.96
33.28
21.89
61.89
40.1
18.70
1.05%
6.35%
0.91%
3.52%
0.16%
0.80%
11.43
14.17
26.34
30.52
50.35
13.27
11.36
15.24
27.23
29.15
50.63
12.82
0.61%
7.57%
3.36%
4.48%
0.55%
3.36%
Ex. No.
Table (9)-1: Input Data and Coefficient of Moment (C) for Example 4
L2 (m) L3 (m) L4 (m) L5 (m)
R
C1-L
C1-R
L1 (m)
4-1
4
4
4-2
4
4.3
4-3
4
4.3
4-4
4
4.8
4-5
4
4.8
*is the average ratio.
**is the modified coefficient.
4
4.6
4.9
5.6
6.4
4
4.9
5.2
6.4
7.2
4
5.2
4.6
7.2
5.6
1
1.3
1.2*
1.8
1.5*
0.106
0.101
0.095**
0.101
0.095**
0.106
0.110
0.105**
0.110
0.105**
C2-L
C2-R
0.078
0.080
0.085**
0.080
0.085**
0.078
0.076
0.085**
0.076
0.085**
M-L-C1
(PROKON)
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
33.68
34.84
34.39
37.03
35.39
M
(C1L)
33.92
34.79
33.52
39.11
36.78
Diff%
M-RC1
(PROKON)
M
(C1-R)
Diff%
M-L-C2
(PROKON)
M
(C2-L)
Diff%
M-RC2
(PROKON)
M
(C2-R)
Diff%
0.71%
0.14%
2.53%
5.61%
3.94%
25.26
55.58
49.3
104.4
84.06
24.96
56.11
48.38
101.73
86.02
1.19%
0.95%
1.87%
2.56%
2.33%
33.68
32.37
34.1
46.09
52.11
33.92
31.68
35.97
43.26
53.31
0.71%
2.12%
5.48%
6.13%
2.31%
25.26
34.41
42.96
52.6
82.29
24.96
34.30
43.35
54.72
78.61
1.19%
0.33%
0.91%
4.03%
4.47%
EI=const
L1 m
L2 m
L3 m
I
L8 m
5-1
L1
(m)
4
L2
(m)
4
L3
(m)
4
L4
(m)
4
L5
(m)
4
L6
(m)
4
L7
(m)
4
L8
(m)
4
5-2
4.3
4.6
4.9
5.2
5.5
5.8
6.0
Ex. No.
C1-L
C1-R
C2-L
C2-R
C3-L
C3-R
C4
0.106
0.106
0.078
0.078
0.085
0.085
0.083
1.5
0.101
0.110
0.080
0.076
0.085
0.085
0.083
5-1
5-2
Ex. No.
5-1
5-2
M-L-C1
(P)
M
(C1-L)
25.36
26.33
M-L-C3
(P)
20.41
28.60
25.44
26.09
M
(C3-L)
20.40
28.77
Diff%
0.32%
0.90%
Diff%
0.05%
0.58%
M-RC1
(P)
M
(C1-R)
25.36
56.33
M-RC3
(P)
20.41
36.72
25.44
57.44
M
(C3-R)
20.40
36.49
Diff%
0.32%
1.96%
Diff%
0.05%
0.62%
M-L-C2
(P)
M
(C2-L)
18.56
23.5
M-C4
(P)
19.79
31.55,,
18.72
23.76
M-C4
(C4)
19.92
31.75
Diff%
M-RC2
(P)
M
(C2-R)
Diff%
0.86%
1.12%
18.56
36.59
18.72
36.39
0.86%
0.54%
Diff%
0.66%
0.64%
REFERENCES
[1]
VI. CONCLUSION
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
AUTHOR'S PROFILE
Fathelrahman M. Adam
He work as Assistant Professor at Jazan University
(KSA) in Civil Engineering Department On leave
from Civil Engineering Department, Nile Valley
University (Sudan). He received his PhD in
Structural Engineering in 2008 from Sudan
University of Science and Technology (Sudan). He
has published more than 10 papers in international journals and
conferences in addition to two researches published as books in Lap
Lambert Academic Publishing . His research interests are in Linear &
Nonlinear Analysis Finite Element, Shell Structures, Design
Optimization, Formwork Analysis & Design
A. E. Hassaballa
He work as Assistant Professor at Jazan University
(KSA) in civil engineering department On leave from
Civil Engineering Department, Sudan University of
Science and Technology. He received his PhD in
Structural Engineering in 2010 from Sudan
University of Science and Technology (Sudan). He
has published more than 15 papers in international journals and
conferences. His research interests are Dynamics of Structures and
Earthquake Engineering, Concrete Technology, Concrete Testing and
Quality Control.
H. E. M. Sallam
He work as Professor at Jazan University (KSA) in
civil engineering department On sabbatical leave
from Materials Engineering Department, Zagazig
University. He also joined work at Northeastern
university (USA). He received his PhD in Materials
Engineering in 1993 from Zagazig University
(Egypt). He has published more than 100 papers in international journals
and conferences. His research interests are in Crack Arresters in Steel
Structure Components, Fracture Mechanics, Fatigue of Materials.