TLashVer2.

2
RoadTransportLashingProgram
UsersManual

October,2012

Content:

1. Programdescription

1.1 Typesoftrailers

1.2 Typesofcalculations

1.3 Typesofcargoes

1.4 Lashingcalculation

1.5 Loadscalculation

1.6 Lashingpointsonthetrailers

1.7 Lashingtensionscalculation

2. Installationoftheprogram

2.1 ChangeCompanyName

3. Instructions

3.1 Starttheprogram

3.2 Cargodefinition

3.3 Trailerselection

3.4 Positioningofcargoonthetrailer

3.5 Lashing,roaddataandstandards

3.6 Lashingpointsdefinitionandcalculation
3.7 Exampleuseofdefinitionoflashingangles

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1. Programdescription

RoadtransportlashingcalculationTLash2.2isprogramforquickandeasy
calculationoflashingforlandtransportedcargoes.Allmostimportanttypesof
trailersareincluded.Programisdesignedforwiderangeofusers.Resultsare
visuallypresented,andsimpleforunderstanding.

1.1 Typesoftrailers
Programenablesquickcalculationoflashingfor5typesoftrailers.

40NormalFlatbed
Lowloaders(twotypes)
Conventionaltrailers/SPTs
SPMTs

1.2 Typesofcalculations
Programcomprisesfollowingcalculations:

Calculationforheavymodulesthatincludesenvironmentaldata(slopes
andwindforce)
IMO/ILO/UNECEstandardsforlightcargo
EN12195standardsforlightcargo

1.3 Typesofcargoes
Threestandardtypesofcargocanbeselected:

Boxshaped
Boxshapeontwobeams
Cylinderontwobeams

1.4 Lashingcalculation
Lashingisautomaticallygeneratedoncethelashingpointsaredefined.Duringthe
calculationselectedscreensarebeingsavedandcanbeinsertedinanyworddocument,or
canbeprintedout.

DefinitionoflashingpointscanbedoneinForward/AftviewandSideview.Generated
lashingispresentedindifferentcolours.Greenforsidelashingandbluecolourforforward/
aftlashing.
Itisassumedintheprogramthatcentreofgravityofthecargo,longitudinallyand
transversallyissituatedinthegeometriccentreofthemodule.Verticalpositioncanbe
definedandisincludedincalculation.
1.5 Loadscalculation
Followingwasconsideredincalculation:
1. Slopesontheroute:uphill,downhill,sideslope
2. Windforce
3. Frictionbetweenthetrailerandthecargo.AccordingtoEN12195standardsforlight
cargoonly70%ofstaticloadisconsideredforfriction.ForSPTandSPMTtrailers90%
ofstaticloadisapplied.
4. Anglesoflashinganddistributionoftensionsasafunctionofangles.
5. Lengthsoflashinganddistributionoftensionsasafunctionoflengths.
6. Forceduetobraking.Brakingdecelerationwascalculatedasfollows:


Defaultmaximumspeedssetintheprogramareasfollows:

a. SPMTSpeed5km/h.
b. ConventionaltrailerSpeed5km/h.
c. 40NormalFlatBedSpeed120km/h.
d. LowLoaderISpeed80km/h.
e. LowLoaderIISpeed80km/h.
Speedcanbechangedandcorrespondingbrakingdistancewillbecalculated(seesection
3.5Lashing,roaddataandstandards)

1.6 Lashingpointsonthetrailers
Alllashingpointsonthetrailersarepredefinedandstoredintheprogram.Onthefollowing
sketches,locationoflasingpointsareshownforeachtypeoftrailers:

a) 40NormalFlatBed


b) LowLoaders


c) Conventionaltrailers(SPT)

d) SPMT

1.7 Lashingtensionscalculation
Programcalculatestensionineachlashingforallloads,anddistributesloadsasafunction
of:
e) Exactangleofeachlashinginall3planes.Lashingwithdirectionclosertothe
directionofloadistakingmoreloadthantheotheroneactingmoreoutof
calculateddirection.
f) Lengthofeachlashing.Shorterlashingistakingmoreloadthatthelongone.
Onthefollowingpicturearegiven2examplesoflashingforexplanationoflashingangles
andcorrespondingloadsinvariousdirections.
LashingAwilltakemoreloadtransversally(Fx)andvertically(Fz)(incaseoftipping)while,
lashingBwilltakemorelongitudinalload(Fy).
Loaddistributionisproportionaltotheanglesoflashing.
Similarapproachisappliedforlengthofthelashing.Shorterlashingwilltakemoreloadthan
thelongerone.

Furthermore,foruneventensioningofthelashing,1.35coefficientwasappliedforall
lashing.

Followingloadsareanalyzedandthehighesttensionsarebeingselectedasrelevantfor
eachlashing:

Longitudinalload,slopeforward
Longitudinalload,slopeaft
Sideload
Tippingforceifany.

Incalculationofallloads,thegivenslope,accelerationduetobrakingandwindforcefor
givenspeedareincluded.

2. InstallationoftheProgram
TLash2.2installationprocedureisasfollows:
Turnoffallactiveapplicationscurrentlyrunningonthecomputer.Toinstalltheprogram
runTL22Install.exe,andprogramwillbeautomaticallyinstalledinC:\TLash22directory.
StartTLash22.exe.
Theprogramissoftwareprotected,andthefollowingwindow(withCodeNumberfields
filled)willappear:

Enteryourcompanynameinthetoptextwindow,andpressthebutton<EnterCompany
Name.
TakenoteoftheCodeNumberthatwillappearonthetopofthewindow.Toavoid
errors,thebestwayistocopythescreen.

SendCodeNumberto:dogresta@tlash.comordavor@ogresta.netandyouwillreceivethe
"KeyCode"foractivation.NexttimeyoustartTLash22enterKeyCodeandprogramwillbe
activated.

2.1ChangeCompanyName

Companynamecanbecorrected/changedanytimethefollowingway:

ClickAboutbuttononthestartupwindow,andthefollowingwindowwillappear:

ClickChangeCompanyNamebutton,andthefollowingwindowwillappear:

EnternewnameandpressbuttonConfirmChange.

3. Instructions

3.1 Starttheprogram
StartTLash22(inc:\TLash22directory).
Followingwindowwillappear:

Therearetwooptionstoproceed:

Openexistingcalculation
Startnewcalculation

3.2 Cargodefinition
ClickOpenCalculation,toopenoneofsavedcargodatafiles.Thefollowingwindowwill
appear:

InC:\TLash22\datadirectoryyouwillfindfewexamples,thatcanbemodifiedandsaved
undernewname.
InthecaseofNewCalculation,blankCargowindowwillappear.
Asanexample,selectBox_Beam.tld(boxonthebeams),andfollowingwindowwillappear:

NotethatCargotypeBox+Beamsisticked.Windexposedareas,FrontandSideboxes
andZ(verticalcentreofgravity)arefilled.Thesevalueswerecalculatedfromabovegiven
dimensionsbypressingCalculatebutton.Ifvaluescalculatedthatway,arenotcorrect,all
data(orangeboxes)canbeenteredmanually.
Itwillnotbeabletosavedataorproceedtotrailerselectionifallrequireddataarenot
entered.

Exampleofcylindertypeofthecargo:

AndplaneBoxtype:

3.3 Trailerselection
OnCargoDefinitionwindow,clickSelectTrailerbutton

Justclicktoselectthetrailer.Ifyouclick,forexampleConventional,cargoandthe
smallestConventionalmodulewillappear.

Informationofload/axleandgroundload/axleaswellasweightoftrailerandmodule
appearonthebottomofthescreen.Ifoverloaded,boxesturntored.
Click16linesboxforthiscargo,anddrawingwillchange.

Nowclick1Linebox:

IfyouaresatisfiedwithtrailerconfigurationclickLashing>buttontoproceedtolashing.

Note:
Informationonaxleloadandgroundload,for40NormalFlatBed,LowloaderIandLowloaderIIare
calculatedthefollowingway:
40Normalflatbed,65%ofcargoweightisdistributedaft,anddatareferto3aftaxlesonly.
LowLoaderI,68%ofcargoweightisdistributedaft,anddatareferto3aftaxlesonly.
LowLoaderII,73%ofcargoweightisdistributedaft,anddatareferto4aftaxlesonly.

3.4 Positioningofcargoonthetrailer
ItisassumedthatlongitudinalandtransversalCoGofthemoduleissituatedinits
geometricalcenter.Hence,thecargoisalwaysplacedinthecentreoftheplatform(trailer),
exceptoftheLowLoaderType2(60tcapacity).Ifthelengthofthecargoislessthan
6.75m,themodulewillbeplacedonthelowerpartoftheplatform,asshownonthepicture
bellow.

Inthecasethatthelengthofthecargoislongerthan6.75m,thecargowillbelongitudinally
locatedasshownbellow.

3.5 Lashing,roaddataandstandards

Windowisalreadyfilledbydatafrompreviouscalculation.Changethemandproceedby
clicktoLashingInstallationbutton.

ForMBL,MSLandFriction,preinstalledvaluescanbeused,asshownbellow.Anyhow,these
numbersmanuallycanbeoverwritten.

ApartofMaximumsecuringload,additional1.35coefficientisappliedtocalculate
maximumallowabletensioninonelashingwireorchain.Coefficient1.35isapplieddueto
unevenpretensionoflashing(usuallybeinginstalledbyhand).Notethatpriorthe
applicationof1.35coefficient,theexactcalculationoftensionineachlashingwas
calculatedtakinginaccountexactangleofthelashinganditslength.
Hence,maximumallowabletensioninexamplewillbe:
MBL=120kN,MSL=50%,
Max.allow.tension=MBL*(MSL/100)/1.35=120*(50/100)/1.35=44.5kN


ThereisonehelpbuttononthiswindowMaximumSecuringloadshowtable:

Thiswindowisforinformationonly.
Max.speedofthetrailerandwindspeedcanbechangedbyenteringdesiredvaluesaswell.

3.6 Lashingpointsdefinitionandcalculation
Hence,clickLashingInstallationbuttononpreviouswindow,andwindowfordefinitionof
lashingpointswillappear:

Pictureofthetrailerwithcargoistransferredtothiswindowand,bydefaultSideLashing
angleandF/ALashingAnglesaresettoOpt.andNooflashingpointsissetto2.
LongitudinalandTransversalStoppersarenotticked(stoppersbydefaultarenotinstalled)

Step1>Enternumberoflashingpoints,tickappropriateboxifstoppersareinstalledand
ConfirmLash.PointsandAngles.ItissuggestedtoleavelashinganglestoOpt.forthefirst
run.
Step2>Definitionofalllashingpointsonthemoduleintwoviews.Alllashingpointsmust
bedefinedonebyone.
Step3>LashingInstallation

Briefinstructiononeachstepappearinlongwhiteboxonthebottom.

3.6.1Importantexplanation

Numberoflashingpoints:totalnumberoflashingpointsthatwillbe
enteredinFrontandSideview.Automaticsymmetrywillbeapplied,i.e.
itwillbeconsideredthatthepointsetinFrontviewwillbeappliedAftas
well,andpointssetonsideviewwillbeappliedportandstarboard.
Maximumnumberpoints(intotalbothviews)canbe20.
Sidelashinganglesareanglesoflashingsinsideviewonly.
F/A(forward/aft)lashinganglesareanglesoflashingsinsideviewonly.
Allotherangles(apartofanglesinsideview)aredefinedbypositionof
lashingpointonthemoduleandonthetraileritself.
Explanationoflashinganglesinsideviewcanbeseenonthefollowing
picture

NotethatForwardandaftlashingappearinblueandsidelashingingreen
color.Allotherlashinganglesaredefinedbypositionoflashingpoints.

3.6.2Stoppers

Stopperslongitudinallyor/andtransversallycanbeintroducedincalculationbythicking
appropriateboxes:

Itisassumedthatthestopperswilltakefullhorizontalforce.Inthatcase,lashingwilltake
forcesduetotippingonlyifany.

Stoppersarepresentedinall3viewsbyonepairofsquares.Longitudinalstoppersarein
blueandthetransversalonesinredcolor.

Theexactnumberandpositionofstoppersmustbedefinedforeverycase.Forthe
stoppers,programgivestotalcapacityofallstoppersineachdirection,asindicatedonthe
lastscreen.

Henceifthestoppersareinstalled,theymusthaveminimumtotalcapacityasindicated(*).

3.6.3IntroductionofLashingPoints
Hence,lashingpointsonthemodulecanbedefinedonlyinareasmarked
followingpicture:

,onthe

Toenterthelashingpointdothefollowing:
1. Clickbymouseondesiredposition

2. Correspondingcoordinateswillappearintheyellowboxesasshownbellow.
CoordinatesY&ZrefertoFrontView,andX&ZtoSideview

Ifnecessary,thenumbersintheyellowboxescanbecorrectedbeforepressingthe
buttonConfirmPosition.ButtonConfirmPositionisfollowedbythenumberof
lashingpointbeingintroduced.
Notethatthecoordinatescannotbeenteredmanuallyonly.Hence,firstclick
andthanmanuallycorrectthevalues,ifnecessary,orjustproceedto
ConfirmPosition,afterclick.
Afterconfirmationoftheposition,smallredcirclewillappearonthesameposition,
andcoordinateswillbelistedontherightsideofthewindow.

Example(7points),allpointsaredefined:

3. OnceallpointsareintroducedLashingInstallationbuttonwillbeenabled,andyou
canpressittogetoptimumlashingsolution.Optimumsolutionmeansthatlashing
willbearrangedthewaythatwillensureminimumtensionsinthelashing.
Allcombinationsofforward/aftandsidelashingangleswillbecheckedandreal
anglesforeachlashingwillbeconsidered.


Exampleofcalculation:

Ontherightsideofthewindow,intheblueboxesappearmaximumcalculatedtensionand
confirmationLashingO.K.Ifthecalculatedtensionsareaboveallowablevaluesboxes
willturninredandmessageLashingNOTO.K.!willappear.

Alloverstressedlashingswillappearinredandaswell.


Exampleofcalculationwithoverstressedlashing(twoaftlines).

4. ToviewloadsactingonthecargoinCoG,pressLoads.

5. Tochangelongitudinalanglesoflashingornumberofthelashingpointsusemenuas
shownbellow.Maximumlongitudinalangleis80degrees,andminimumis20
degrees.

Notethatsidelashinganglesareonlydesiredangles,andthatlashingwillbe
installedexactlyfromtheselectedpointonthemoduletothepredefinedlashing
pointonthetrailerthatwillsuitethebesttothedesiredangle.InthecaseofOpt.
option,allcombinationswillbecalculatedandtheonethatwillresultwithminimum
stressinlashing,willbepresentedastheresult.Ofcourse,programwillcalculate
realanglesforeachlashingandcorrespondingloads.

6. Torestartlashinginstallation,pressClearLashingPoints.Alllashingpintsaredeleted
andnewnumberoflashingpointscanbedefinedandlashingpointsenteredas
describedin3.6Lashingpointsdefinitionandcalculation.

7. PressChangeLashingAnglestochangeonlylashingangleswithoutdeletinglashing
points.Anglescanbeenteredmanuallyaswell.Anyvaluebetween5and85degrees
willbeaccepted.

8. Toviewcompleteresultsofthecalculation,pressFullResults>.

3.7Exampleuseofdefinitionoflashingangles

Calculation17lashingpoints,Sidelashingangles:Opt.andF/Alashingangles:Opt.

Result:Longlashing,andmaximumcalculatedtensionis55.9%oflashingcapacity.

Calculation27lashingpoints,Sidelashingangles:Opt.andF/Alashingangles:70deg.

Result:Longsidelashing.Forward/Aftlashingminimumlengthandmaximumcalculated
tensionis63.7%oflashingcapacity.

Calculation37lashingpoints,Sidelashingangles:50deg.andF/Alashingangles:70deg.

Result:Alllashingminimumlengthandmaximumcalculatedtensionis68.3%oflashing
capacity.
Above3examplesdemonstrateuseofsidelashingangledefinition.

Calculation47lashingpoints,Sidelashingangles:60deg.andF/Alashingangles:70deg.

Result:Applyingsidelashingangleof60degreesinordertoreducelengthofsidelashing
evenmore,wereached98.8%ofWLL(workingloadlimit).