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Analysis of Contents of Cold Drinks
Analysis of Contents of Cold Drinks
INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
TOPIC To
Determine The
Contents Of
Different Brands Of
Cold Drinks
Efforts by:Jenny Verma
12 A
Certificate
This is hereby to certify that the original and genuine investigation work
has been carried out to investigate about the subject matter and the
related data collection has been completed solely, sincerely and satisfactorily
by Jenny studying in class XII A, in Christian school, Baraut regarding her
project titled DETERMINARION OF THE CONTENTS OF COLD DRINKS.
teachers Signature
Students Signature
Acknowledgeme
nt
It would be my utmost pleasure to express my sincere thanks to my
chemistry teacher Mr MANISH SHARMA in providing a helping hand in
this project. Her valuable guidance, support and supervision all through
this project are responsible for attaining its present form.
Contents
Certificate
Acknowledgement
Introduction
Theory
Experiments Involved
Detection of pH
Test for Carbon Dioxide
Test for Glucose
Test for Alcohol
Test for Phosphate
Test for Sucrose
Result
Precautions
Conclusion
Advantages of Cold Drinks
Disadvantages of Cold Drinks
Bibliography
Introduction
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the industrialization in India
marked its beginning with launching of Limca and Goldspot by parley
group of companies. Since, the beginning of cold drinks was highly
profitable and luring, many multinational companies launched
their brands in India like Pepsi and Coke. Now days, it is observed in
general that majority of people viewed Sprite, Fanta and Limca to give
feeling of lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up to activate pulse and
brain.
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol, carbohydrates,
carbon dioxide phosphate ions etc. These soft drinks give feeling of
warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste which is liked by everyone.
Carbon dioxide is responsible for the formation of froth on shaking the
bottle. The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid
which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the
naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of energy to
our body. General formula of carbohydrates is CX (HO) Y.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as: Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Glucose is a
monosaccharide with formula CHO .It occurs in Free State in the ripen
grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also present in human
blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of the most useful
disaccharides in our daily life.
It is widely distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of
many plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain
15-20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 %sucrose. The
molecular formula of sucrose is CHO. It is produced by a mixture of
glucose and free dose. It is non-reducing in nature whereas glucose is
reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their acidity can be
measured by finding their pH value. The pH values also depend upon the
acidic contents such as citric acid and phosphoric acid.
Experime
nts
Involved
Experiment 1
AIM: -To detect the pH of different samples of cold drinks.
MATERIALS REQUIRED: -Samples of different brands of soft drinks, pH paper,
test tubes.
PROCEDURE
Take 1-2 drops of the sample of cold drink of each brand in different test tubes and
put a pH paper in each. Notice the change in the color of pH paper and compare it
with the standard pH scale.
OBSERVATION
SR. NO
OBSERVATION
CONCLUSION(pH)
COCA COLA
Pink
1-2
SPRITE
Orange
LIMCA
Pinkish
3-4
FANTA
Light Pink
2-3
INFERENCE
Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid and
phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink of different brands are different due to the
variation in amount of acidic contents.
Experiment 2
AIM: -To detect the presence of CO in different samples of cold drinks.
MATERIALS REQUIRED: -Samples of different brands of soft drinks, straws,
lime water.
PROCEDURE
Open the soft drink bottles and pass the sample through lime water one
by one. Notice the change in the lime water and record it.
OBSERVATON
SR. NO
CONCLUSION
COCA COLA
26.5
CO 2 is Present
SPRITE
21
CO 2 is Present
LIMCA
36
CO 2 is Present
FANTA
35
CO 2 is Present
INFERENCE
All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The carbon
dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is
responsible for its tangy taste.
Experiment 3
AIM: -To detect the presence of glucose in different samples of cold drinks.
MATERIALS REQUIRED: -Samples of different brands of soft drinks,
Benedicts reagent, burner.
PROCEDURE
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following
test:BENIDICTSS SOLUTION TEST:Take small samples of cold drink of different brands in different test tubes
and add a few drops of Benedicts reagent to each. The test tubes are
heated for a few seconds. Formation of reddish color confirms the
presence of glucose in cold drinks.
OBSERVATION
SR. NO
OBSERVATION
CONCLUSION
COCA COLA
Glucose Present
SPRITE
Glucose Present
LIMCA
Glucose Present
FANTA
Glucose Present
INFERENCE
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedicts reagent.
Hence, all the drinks contain glucose.
Experiment 4
AIM: -To detect the presence of alcohol in different samples of cold drinks.
MATERIALS REQUIRED: -Samples of different brands of soft drinks, test
PROCEDURE
Take samples of each brand of cold drink in sample test tubes and add
iodine followed by potassium iodide and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
solution to each test tube. Then the test tubes are heated in hot water
bath for 30 minutes. Yellow colored precipitate confirms the presence of
alcohol in cold drinks.
OBSERVATION
SR. NO
OBSERVATION
CONCLUSION
COCA COLA
Yellow
Alcohol Present
SPRITE
Yellow
Alcohol Present
LIMCA
Yellow
Alcohol Present
FANTA
Yellow
Alcohol Present
INFERENCE
Alcohol is present in all the brands of cold drink on which the experiment
was conducted.
Experiment 6
AIM: -To detect the presence of sucrose in different samples of cold drinks.
MATERIALS REQUIRED: -Samples of different brands of soft drinks, china
dish, burner.
PROCEDURE
COCA COLA
SPRITE
LIMCA
OBSERVATION
CONCLUSION
Sucrose Present
FANTA
Sucrose Present
INFERENCE
All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount of sucrose varies
in each brand of drink. Fanta contains highest amount of sucrose.
Experiment 5
AIM: -To detect the presence of phosphate ions in different samples of
cold drinks.
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes
and Ammonium Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3)
was added to it. The solution was heated. Appearance of canary-yellow
precipitate confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks.
OBSERVATION
SR. NO
OBSERVATION
CONCLUSION
CANARY-YELLOW ppt.
1
COCA COLA
Phosphate ions
Present
CANARY-YELLOW ppt.
SPRITE
Phosphate ions
Present
CANARY-YELLOW ppt.
LIMCA
Phosphate ions
Present
CANARY-YELLOW ppt.
FANTA
Phosphate ions
Present
INFERENCE
All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate ions. Hence all
the cold drinks contain phosphate.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED
+ 21HN4NO3 + 12H2O
Conclusion
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands
of cold drinks namely: -1. Coca cola 2. Sprite 3. Limca 4. Fanta, all
contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate ions and carbon dioxide. All
are acidic in nature.
On comparing the pH value of different brands coca cola is most acidic
and limca is least acidic of all the four brands taken. pH value of coca cola
is nearly equal to disinfectant which is harmful for body.
CARBON DIOXIDE Among the four samples of cold drinks taken sprite has
maximum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has minimum
amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.Precautions
Bibliography
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
www.wikipedia.com
www.cbseportal.com
www.icbse.com
www.scribd.com
www.google.com
www.yahoo.com