Pest and

Disease in
Plant
Organ
The Summaries
Tamara Bidari, 8a-21

PEST AND PEST

CONTROL
Pest
Definition

Pest Control
Definition

The
Characteristics
of Pest in Plant
The example of Pest
and The Pest Control

Disease and Disease

Control
Definition of
Disease and
Disease Control
Caused by
biotic factors

Caused by
abiotic factors

The example and

the disease control

PEST AND PEST CONTROL

Pest is plant destroyer or animal that has potential to destroy the root, stem,
leaf or another part of plant so plant cannot grow perfectly or dies.
The characteristics of pest:
-

Pest can be seen by naked eyes

Commonly from the group of animal (rat, bird, insect, etc.)
Pest is inclined to destroy certain the part of plant so the plant will die or
plant keep alive but not much gives product.
Pest attack it is usually easier to be overcome because the pest appears by
eye or it can be seen directly.

Pest in plant is grouped into 3 groups:

-

The group of mammal, such as rat.

The groups of insect, such as grasshopper.
The group of bird (aves), such as sparrow.

Pest control is a way to eliminate pests that destroy crops or attempt

prevention of pests that damaged crops.
The example of pest and the pest control:

Potato Tuber Perforator Pest

Cabbage Leaf Eater Pest

Perforator pest is called Phthorimaea operculella, which is grey colored

caterpillar of body length is 1 cm. Potato tuber that gets perforator pest shows
symptoms that is in tuber skin is found group of caterpillar feces of dark brown
colored.
Pest control: The control that must be done in the pest is by piling potato plant
by soil, and then it is sprayed by using insecticide. Warehouse is
released from bacteria (sterilized) before used.
This cabbage leaf eater is called Plutella xylostella, or it is usually called white
pest with characteristics: caterpillar has light green color, has black hair,
yellowish head with dark pock, and its body size 9 mm.
Pest control:
- Making the succession of plant for 3-4 months. This is done on purpose to
cut pest cycle.
- Biologically by using Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria.
- Chemically by using insecticide.
- Mechanically by doing trap in adult insect. Trap is done by using lamp and
bowl containing water.

Pest in Garlic

Garlic that is infected by pest, its leaf is perforated with leaving trace of white
colored bite, or the leaf becomes thin layers and withered. Pest in this garlic is
Spodoptera exigue caterpillar of green or dark brown colored and body size
reaches 25 mm.
Pest control:
- Pest control in this garlic is done by in update land before cultivated,
cleaning land from disease.
- Biological control by using Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria
- Chemical control by doing insecticide spraying.

Tomato Fruit Perforator Pest

Mango Fruit Perforator Pest

Tomato fruit that is infected by perforator pest shows symptoms, such as the tip
part or near the tip of fruit is perforated and near the hole is found pest feces.
Pest in this tomato fruit in the form of Helicoverpa armigera caterpillar, and
body size reaches 35 mm.
Pest control:
- The control of tomato fruit perforator is done by doing plant rotation with
plant endures to the pest.
- Can be dome biologically by using its natural predator that is Microptilis
manilae for cocoon and caterpillar, Diaghema argentiopilosa for caterpillar,
etc.
Mango fruit that is infected by pest shows symptoms, those are the fruit
perforated and around it is found matted feces from inside. Pest in mango fruit
there are 2 kinds; caterpillar with alternating body color of red and white, its
size is 2 cm and it is larva of Noorda albizonalia butterfly. And then caterpillar of
blackish brown body color, its length is about 1 cm and it is larva of Philotroctis
eutraphere butterfly.
Pest control:

Disease and Disease Control in Plant Organ

Disease in plant is the disease that attacks the plant. Disease in plant can be
caused by abiotic factors and biotic factors. Disease control is used to eliminate
the disease in plant but the way to eliminate is different with pest control.

Plant disease caused by biotic factors

Bacterial infection
For example, bacterial infection happens on cabbage wet rotten disease.
Cabbage that is infected by wet rotten shows symptoms; its leaf is found
wet pock of irregular shape. Wet rotten disease is caused by Erwinia
carotovora pv.
Disease control:
- Keeping cleanliness of park from remains of sick plant.
- Keeping humidity of not too high by product is washed by water that
contains chlorine of borax 7.5 %
- Stored in warehouse that has enough of ventilation.
Fungal Infection
For example, fungal infection happens on leaf rotten disease of onion. Onion
leaf that is infected by leaf rotten disease shows symptoms, those are near
its leaf appears pale green spots. Leaf rotten disease is caused by
Peronospora destructor fungus.
Disease control:
- Using healthy seed or free from disease.
- Burning leaf of harvest remains.
- Spraying fungicide
Viral Infection
Virus disease is infectious and is transmitted largely by insects. Virus
infections also may be transmitted in the process of budding or grafting, by
contamination of the soil and less commonly by means of seed or parasitic
flowering plants. Control of these insect is the best means of reducing the
disease incidence.

Plant disease caused by abiotic factors:

Mineral Deficiencies
All plants need essential nutrients to live and grow healthy. The essential
nutrition absorbed from the soil by the root. If the soil doesnt contain
mineral, the plants maybe doesnt grow perfectly. The mineral needs they are
potassium, nitrogen, magnesium, iron etc.
Disease Control:
- By adding fertilizers enriched in nutrients to give it a boost.
- Maintain the level of soil acidity.
Extreme temperature
Plant needs the fit temperature. Like strawberry, it just can grow in the
mountain area with the low temperature. Inversed with rice it needs a high

temperature. If we want to plant something, make sure its temperature is

fitted.
Extreme water quantity
Plant needs enough water. Too much water can cause the plant rotting, as in
orchid. Inversely with lotus flower that will die if they dont get much water on
its habitat. So we must give enough water constantly to the plant as their
needs.