gaicaniT maka koJara: meRvineobis eqsperti. axalgazrda, sazriani, megobruli.

maka amwvanebul, talaxian velze agebuli

franguli cixesimagris stilis Senobis
erT did sardafSi zis. gareT, uzarmazar
farTobze mrude mwkrivebad gadaWimuli
zvrebia. erT dros, me-19 saukunis miwuruls, sasaxlis frankofili mepatrone,
meRvine da eqscentruli qarTveli aristokrati, centnerobiT tumbavda Sin
dayenebul SuSxuna Rvinos did Ria SadrevanSi: oqrosferi Sxefebi haerSi ityorcneboda.
es wveulebebis dros xdeboda, _ meubneba maka, _ Rvinoze giJdeboda.
maka RviniT savse Wiqas xelSi atrialebs;
Weridan momaval sinaTleze gascqeris.
adgilobriv wiTel Rvinos amowmebs, rogorc fizikosebi uwodeben, gibs-maranionis efeqtze: Tu rogor icvleba siTxis
zedapiruli daWimuloba misi qimiuri
Semadgenlobis mixedviT. es diagnostikuri meTodia: Tu Rvinis patara wveTebi
Wiqas Signidan ekvris, niSnavs, rom Rvino
mSralia da mas spirtis maRali Semcveloba aqvs. Tuki Rvinis wveTebi nela Camodis
minis zedapirze, is ufro motkboa da nakleb alkohols Seicavs.
saqmis mcodneebSi amgvar sust nakads
Rvinis fexebs (igive Rvinis cremlebs)
uwodeben. Tumca aq, saqarTveloSi, Rvinos sxvanairi cremlebic aqvs. cremlebi, romlebic mogzauroben. cremlebi,
romlebic gvimorCileben. cremlebi, rom4

4(50)2015

lebic kavkasiis brinjaos xanidan moedinebian. qarTuli Rvinis fesvebi Zlieri

da Zalian Zvelia. isini saTaves uxsovari
droidan, istoriis dasabamidan iReben.
msoflios uZvelesma mkvidrma sazogadoebebma _ nayofieri naxevarmTvaris,
mesopotamiis, egviptis, mogvianebiT ki
saberZneTisa da romis imperiebma _ mevenaxeobis saidumloebebi, savaraudod, am
Soreuli velebidan, mindvrebidan, evraziis am nisliani, frialo kldeebidan
gaitanes. gardasuli epoqis qarTvelebi
Cinebulad ayenebdnen Rvinos Tixis avzebSi. qvevrebs, am gamozneqil amforebs axlac amzadeben. isini kvlav RviniT ivseba. es WurWeli giganturi dinozavris
kvercxebiviTaa mofenili saqarTveloSi.
maT SexvdebiT glexebis sacxovrebeli
saxlebis qveS, restornebSi, parkebSi,
muzeumebSi, avto-gasamarTi sadgurebis
gverdiT.
qvevri saqarTvelos simboloa: siamayis,
erTianobisa da Zlierebis wyaro. is imsaxurebs, rom erovnul droSaze iyos gamosaxuli. amboben, saqarTveloSi islamis
masobriv gavrcelebas (arabebi regionSi
me-7 saukuneSi SemoiWrnen) Rvinisadmi qarTvelebis erTgulebamac SeuSala xeli.
maT uari Tqves, sasmelisTvis Tavi daenebebinaT.
maka Wiqas mivsebs. es misi marnis saukeTeso Rvinoa, melaniviT muqi da mkvrivi.
siTxe Cems xelSi brwyinavs. bunebrivi
taninebis aromats afrqvevs. es metad
nacnobi surnelia. is civilizaciasaviT
Zvelia da maSinve TavSi girtyams.

foto: pol salopeki

vazis
aCrdili
pol salopeki

pol salopeki warmoSobiT

kaliforniidan aris. rogorc ucxoeli korespondenti, is muSaobda afrikaSi, axlo aRmosavleTSi,
centralur aziaSi, balkaneTis naxevarkunZulsa
da laTinur amerikaSi.
avtoris statiebi moicavs
iseT Temebs, rogoricaa
kulturaTa sicocxlisunarianoba, teqnologiebis
gavlena, masobrivi migraciebi, sazogadoebaTa
konfliqti, klimatis
cvlileba da a.S. misi
naSromebi ibeWdeba iseT
gamocemebSi, rogoricaa
National Geographic Magazine,
The New York Times,Chicago Tribune, The Best American Travel
Writing da sxva. salopeki
orjer iqna dajildoebuli puliceris premiiT.

Rvino Cveni religiaa!

acxadebs maka.
pasuxi erTaderTia: amin!

mtkiced

Cven ar varT dainteresebulni vamtkicoT, rom Rvinis dayeneba saqarTvelodan iRebs saTaves, _ ambobs saqarTvelos
erovnuli muzeumis direqtori daviT
lorTqifaniZe, _ es ar aris Cveni mizani.
ufro mniSvnelovani kiTxvebic arsebobs:
ratom daiwyo es saqmianoba? rogor gavrcelda is Zvel msoflioSi? rogor aris
Tanamedrove vazis jiSebi dakavSirebuli
velur vazTan?
daviT lorTqifaniZe Rvinis warmoSobis dadgenis vrcel da mravalerovnul
samecniero proeqts kurirebs. amerikelebs aqvT NASA, islandias _ momRerali
biorki. saqarTvelos ki aqvs 2014 wels
dawyebuli qarTuli vazisa da Rvinis
kulturis kvlevisa da popularizaciis
proeqti, romelic adamianis mier vazis
moyvanis sakiTxebs ikvlevs. am proeqtSi
qarTveli arqeologebi da botanikosebi
daniel genetikosebTan da sxva dargebis

adamianebi imdeni xania moixmaren alkohols, rom RviZlis enzimebis 10%-ma

misi energiad gardaqmna daiwyes. es ki
dalevis Cvevis siZvelis utyuari niSania. produqtebis winaswari, xelovnuri
fermentaciis uZvelesi da myari mtkicebulebebi CrdiloeT CineTidan modis,
sadac Tixis WurWelSi napovni qimiuri
narCenebi miuTiTeben, rom 9000 wlis win
adamianebi brinjis, Taflisa da veluri
xilisgan damzadebul pirvel alkoholur koqteils geaxlebodnen.
Rvino mogvianebiT gaCnda. makgoverni
varaudobs, rom es sruliad SemTxveviT
moxda: veluri yurZeni WurWlis fskerze
gaiWylita. misi wveni gafuWda da haeriT
gadatanili safuariT nawilobriv gadamuSavda. aTaswleulebis ganmavlobaSi
fermentaciis procesi gamocanad rCeboda. aman ki Rvinos idumali Zala SesZina.
Tqven gaqvT gonebis ammRvrevi nivTiereba, romelic arsaidan movida da es sasmeli Cveni religiebis centrSi eqceva.
man fesvebi gaidga adamianTa cxovrebaSi,
ojaxebSi, rwmenaSi. micvalebulis damarxvis aucilebeli atributic ki gaxda.
Tavdapirvelad, Rvino ufro meti iyo,
vidre ubralo maTrobela sasmeli. is
iyo eleqsiri. masSi Semaval alkoholsa
da xis fisebs, romelTac Zvel droSi
Rvinis Sesanaxad amatebdnen, antibaqteriuli Tvisebebi hqonda. epoqaSi, roca
sanitariul normebs TiTqmis ar icavdnen, Rvinis sma an misi wyalTan Sereva
daavadebas amcirebda. Rvino sicocxlis
gadamrCeneli iyo.
pirveli Rvinis damyenebeli kulturebi
mdidari da produqtiulebi iyvnen, - ambobs mindia jalabaZe, qarTveli arqeologi, - maT xorbali da qeri mohyavdaT.
aSenebdnen cxvars, Rors, msxvilfexa saqonels. kargad cxovrobdnen. aseve, nadirobdnen da Tevzaobdnen.

amerikel, italiel, frang da kanadel

specialistebTan erTad muSaoben. saqmeSi
israeleli eqspertebic arian Cabmulebi
mniSvnelovani funqciiT _ Caataron radio-izotopuri analizebi naxSirbadis
izotopis (14C) gamoyenebiT.
Rvinis warmoSobis sakiTxis saerTaSoriso kvlevis xelmZRvaneli daviT lorTqifaniZe: Cven imaze ar vkamaTobT, Tu vin
aris pirveli.
patrik makgoverni (inteleqtualTa am
jgufis wevri da molekuluri arqeologiis specialisti pensilvaniis universitetidan, filadelfia) Rvinos uwodebs
Cveni saxeobis istoriaSi albaT yvelaze
Tavdajerebul sasmels.
warmoidgineT, monadire-SemgrovebelTa
jgufebis pirveli Sexvedra da daZabulobis magivrad maTi daaxloeba, _ ambobs
makgoverni, _ Rvino socialuri sapoxia,
alkohols namdvilad aqvs es unari.
6

arqeologi mindia jalabaZe saubrobs

neoliTis xanis kulturis _ SulaveriSomus Sesaxeb, romlis samarxebi saqarTveloSi samxreT kavkasiaSi tenian
periodSi gamoCnda da Seicavs soflis
meurneobis arsebobis pirvel miniSnebebs
rkinis xanis dadgomamde. mosaxleoba qvisa da Zvlebisgan damzadebul iaraRebs
iyenebda. maT macivris zomis giganturi
qoTnebi daamzades. amgvar WurWelSi _
legendaruli qvevris winamorbedSi _
inaxavdnen marcvleulsa da Tafls, aseve
_ Rvinosac. saidan viciT es? erTi aseTi
qoTani yurZnis mtevnebiTaa moxatuli.
makgovernis mier Catarebuli Tixis am
WurWlis bioqimiuri analizi gviCvenebs
Rvinis mJavas, yurZnis duRilis mimaniSnebeli faqtis arsebobas. es artefaqtebi
8000 wlisaa.
saqarTvelos meRvineobis memkvidreoba
saukuneebiT uswrebs win somxeTsa da
iranSi aRmoCenil sxva, uZveles, Rvin4(50)2015

osTan dakavSirebul faqtebs. wels mkvlevrebi Sulaveri-Somus teritoriebze

preistoriuli yurZnis wipwebs eZeben.
arqeologi daviT sulxaniSvili xels
adebs yurZnis mtevnis ornaments _ vazis
detali ZalisSi (saqarTvelo) SemorCenili 2200 wlis romauli mozaikidan.
erT dRes, centralur saqarTveloSi,
2200 wlis winandel romauli qalaqis naSTebs vstumrob. es Zalisia. sasaxlis mSvenieri, mozaikuri iatakebi daxvretilia da
masSi im zomis Tixis Rrmulebia, rom adamiani Caeteva. es qvevrebia. Suasaukuneebis
qarTvelebi am arqeologiur nangrevebs
Rvinis dasayeneblad iyenebdnen. Tbilisis
samxreTiT, mdinaris Rrma xeobis Tavze
mdebare kldovan, magidis formis mTaze,
ganisvenebs afrikis farglebs gareT aRmoCenili uZvelesi hominidi: 1,8 milioni
wlis winandel afTris bunagSi Homo
Erectus-is qala ganisvenebs. me-9 Tu me-10
saukuneSi am adgilas giganturi qvevri
CaudgamT. amiT gaanadgures fasdaudebeli, adamianis warmoSobamdeli Zvlebi.
saqarTvelos warsuli RviniT aris gaJRenTili da taninebiT Semonaxuli.
arqeologi daviT sulxaniSvili da Zalisis nangrevebSi Camarxuli me-7 saukunis
Rvinis WurWlebi. Cven dResac ase vayenebT Rvinos.
or weliwadze metia, rac CrdiloeTisken
movdivar afrikidan. 5000 welze meti
xnis win Rvinom, misi kavkasiuri akvnidan,
sapirispiro gza gaiara, samxreTisa da
dasavleTisken.
adamianTa masobriv migraciebs Tan axlda masobrivi xocva-Jleta, populaciaTa Canacvleba, _ ambobs stiven batiuki,
torontos universitetis arqeologi,
_ Tumca, ase ar iqceodnen adamianebi,
romelTac Rvinis kultura mihqondaT
Tan. isini ifantebodnen da Semdeg
maspinZel kulturebTan gverdigverd
cxovrobdnen. isini simbiozur urTierTobebs amyarebdnen.
batiuki saubrobs antikuri epoqis
sakulto diasporis Sesaxeb: adreuli
transkavkasiuri kulturis (igivea, rac
mtkvar-araqsis kultura) eqspansiaze,
romelic Zv. w. III aTaswleulSi kavkasiidan gavrcelda aRmosavleT TurqeTSi,
iranSi, siriasa da aRmosavleT xmelTaSuazRvispireTis danarCen nawilSi.
mecnieri erTma faqtma gaaoca: adreuli
transkavkasiuri kulturisTvis damaxasiaTebeli keramikis nimuSebi (e.w. paternebi) yvelgan gvxvdeba, sadac vazi
mohyavT.
rogorc Cans, am migrantebisTvis Rvino
arsebul sazogadoebaSi TavianTi Setanili wvlili iyo. isini ar arTmevdnen

samuSaos adgilobrivebs. isini midiodnen saTesle masaliTa da vazis rqebiT da

mihqondaT axali saqmianoba - mevenaxeoba
an, sul cota, misi daxvewis meTodebi.
TiTqos Rvinos demokratiis funqcia
hqonda. sadac mividodnen, Rvinis Tasebis
afeTqeba iwyeboda.
kavkasiidan waRebis Semdeg, adreulma
transkavkasiurma keramikam, rogorc
specifikurma arqeologiurma paternma, 700, xan ki 1000 welic ki gaZlo
adgilobriv kulturebSi, maSin, roca
maTi Semomtanebis kvali sul raRac
sami Taobis Semdeg gauCinarda, radgan
integrirdnen adgilobriv kulturaSi. mTel am process batiukis msgavsi
eqspertebi aRfrTovanebaSi mohyavs,
miuxedavad imisa, rom es bunebrivi
movlenaa.
beqa gocaZe. Tqven amas miwaSi CadebT
da RmerTs ekiTxebiT: kargi gamova?
ojaxuri Rvinis qarxana (Tbilisis
Semogareni).
Tbilisis maRla, fiWvnariT mofenil
mTaze, beqa gocaZe saxlis gverdiT, fardulSi, saxlis pirobebSi ayenebs Rvinos.
beqa zorba, Tavaziani, wiTuri kacia da
im aTobiT aTasi Cveulebrivi qarTuli
ojaxis erT-erTi warmomadgenelia,
vinc jer kidev sakuTari siamovnebisTvis wuravs yurZens. Vitis vinifera-gan
miRebul jadosnur siTxes ki miwaSi
Caflul Tixis qvevrSi ayenebs. saxlis
qveS goraki misi Rvinis inkubatoria,
sadac WurWels milebi Semortymia,
romelSic onkanis wyali miedineba.
wylis saSualebiT fermentaciisTvis
saWiro temperatura regulirdeba. beqa
qimikatebsa da danamatebs ar iyenebs.
sibneleSi misi Rvino iseTive dgeba,
rogoric zogadad qarTuli Rvinoa:
yurZnis mtevani mTlianad, Reroebianmarcvlebianad iWyliteba.
Cadeb miwaSi da RmerTs hkiTxav: wlis mosavali kargi iqneba? yvela, vinc Rvinos
ayenebs, Tavisi gulis nawils debs masSi.
Svilebic mexmarebian. isinic TavianT gulebs aqsoven. duRilis baqteriebi? isini
qarma moitana! Rrublebi? isinic RvinoSia! mzec RvinoSia! yvelaferi aq aris,
RvinoSi!
erTxel beqam sakuTari ojaxis Rvinoebi
konkursze waiRo italiaSi. gakvirvebulma Semfasebelma mkiTxa: kaco, sad
iyaviT amden xans? vupasuxe: eh, vici,
rom davagvianeT, magram cota dakavebuli viyaviT rusebTan omiT!
mis xmaurian sufraze vardisferi
TavkveriT, TeTri CinuriTa da bordo saferaviT savse Rvinis sasmisebis
jari dgas. maTSi adreuli transkavkasiuri kultura samaradisodaa Caqvavebuli.

pol salopekis
statiis originalis qarTuli versia
momzadebulia da
gamoqveynebulia
specialurad
National Geographic
saqarTvelos
vebsaitisTvis.