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Cao Nasa TLX Software BRM 2009
Cao Nasa TLX Software BRM 2009
Cao Nasa TLX Software BRM 2009
The NASA Task Load Index (TLX) is a popular technique for measuring subjective mental workload. It relies
on a multidimensional construct to derive an overall workload score based on a weighted average of ratings on
six subscales: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration level.
A program for implementing a computerized version of the NASA TLX is described. The software version assists in simplifying collection, postprocessing, and storage of raw data. The program collects raw data from the
subject and calculates the weighted (or unweighted) workload score, which is output to a text file. The program
can also be tailored to a specific experiment using a simple input text file, if desired. The program was designed
in Visual Studio 2005 and is capable of running on a Pocket PC with Windows CE or on a PC with Windows
2000 or higher. The NASA TLX program is available for free download.
Obtaining mental workload levels during task performance is a difficult procedure. The workload level experienced by an operator can affect task performance. This
effect can be caused by either excessive or reduced mental
workload. Thus, estimating workload levels can help isolate sources that affect performance. Several techniques
can be used to measure operator workload. Psychophysiological measurements using electroencephalograms
(EEGs) have been used with much success. However,
EEG machines are not the most portable, practical, or
ubiquitous devices, which constrains their usefulness in
experiments. Obtaining physiological mental workload
data is a nontrivial task, and there has been a large amount
of work on designing lightweight and portable workload
measuring devices (Kramer, 1991).
Workload assessment techniques should possess the
following properties: sensitivity, diagnostic capabilities,
selectivity, low intrusiveness, reliability, and ease of implementation (Eggemeier, 1988). The NASA Task Load
Index (TLX) has been shown to meet these criteria (Rubio,
Daz, Martn, & Puente, 2004). It is a subjective workload
assessment technique that relies on a multidimensional
construct to derive an overall workload score based on a
weighted average of ratings on six subscales: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance,
effort, and frustration level. The use of these six subscales
to compute an overall workload score has been found to
reduce variability among subjects, relative to a unidimensional workload rating, while providing diagnostic
information about workload sources (Hart & Staveland,
1988). Specific sources of mental workload imposed by
different tasks are an important determinant of workload
experiences. Three of the subscales relate to the demands
A. Cao, av9852@wayne.edu
113
Figure1. Initial dialog box, asking for subject ID, output filename, and whether to create a new file or append to an existing file. The experimenter can also enter an input file in order
to tailor the subscales for a specific task. The experimenter also
chooses whether to use the weighted or unweighted method for
calculating workload scores.
Figure3. Ratings dialog box, in which ratings for the six subscales are entered.
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Appendix
Nasa-TLX Rating Scale Descriptions
Title
Mental Demand
Endpoints
Low/High
Physical Demand
Low/High
Temporal Demand
Low/High
Performance
Good/Poor
Effort
Low/High
Frustration Level
Low/High
Description
How much mental and perceptual activity was required (e.g., thinking, deciding,
calculating, remembering, looking, searching, etc.)? Was the task easy or demanding,
simple or complex, exacting or forgiving?
How much physical activity was required (e.g., pushing, pulling, turning, controlling,
activating, etc.)? Was the task easy or demanding, slow or brisk, slack or strenuous,
restful or laborious?
How much time pressure did you feel due to the rate or pace at which the tasks or task
elements occurred? Was the pace slow and leisurely or rapid and frantic?
How successful do you think you were in accomplishing the goals of the task set by
the experimenter (or yourself )? How satisfied were you with your performance in accomplishing these goals?
How hard did you have to work (mentally and physically) to accomplish your level of
performance?
How insecure, discouraged, irritated, stressed, and annoyed or secure, gratified, content, relaxed, and complacent did you feel during the task?
(Manuscript received March 3, 2008;
revision accepted for publication July 14, 2008.)
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.