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Biological Methods For Wastewater Treatment
Biological Methods For Wastewater Treatment
TITLE
BIOLOGICAL METHODS FOR
WASTE WATER TREATMENT.
SUBMITTED TO:
WAZIR
SUBMITTED BY:
ROLL NO:
SEMESTER:
SESSION:
13
DATE:
SIR YASIN
AKHTARALI
180
7TH
2009-
March 09,2013.
GOMAL UNIVERSITY
D.I.KHAN.
BIOLOGICAL METHODS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT:
Wastewater is a term applied to any type of water that has been utilized in
some capacity that negatively impacts the quality of the water.
Wastewater treatment consists of applying known technology to improve or
upgrade the quality of a wastewater.
Wastewater treatment can be organized or categorized by the nature of the
treatment process operation being used; for example, physical, chemical or
biological. Examples of these treatment steps are shown below.
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT:
Biological treatment methods use microorganisms, mostly bacteria, in the
biochemical decomposition of wastewaters to stable end products. More
microorganisms, or sludges, are formed and a portion of the waste is
converted to carbon dioxide, water and other end products. Generally,
biological treatment methods can be divided into aerobic and anaerobic
methods, based on availability of dissolved oxygen.
Aerobic Digestion :
Aerobic digestion of waste is the natural biological degradation and
purification process in which bacteria that thrive in oxygen-rich environments
break down and digest the waste.
In aerobic wastewater treatment systems, micro-organisms feed on organic
materials to stabilize them, and reduce biological oxygen demand and
suspended solids in the wastewater.
Aerobic Decomposition :
A biological process, in which, organisms use available organic matter to
support biological activity. The process uses organic matter, nutrients, and
dissolved oxygen, and produces stable solids, carbon dioxide, and more
organisms. The microorganisms which can only survive in aerobic conditions
are known as aerobic organisms. In sewer lines the sewage becomes anoxic
if left for a few hours and becomes anaerobic if left for more than 1 1/2 days.
Anoxic organisms work well with aerobic and anaerobic organisms.
Facultative and anoxic are basically the same concept.
Anoxic Decomposition :
A biological process in which a certain group of microorganisms use
chemically combined oxygen such as that found in nitrite and nitrate. These
organisms consume organic matter to support life functions. They use
organic matter, combined oxygen from nitrate, and nutrients to produce
nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide, stable solids and more organisms.
Anaerobic Digestion :
Anaerobic digestion is a complex biochemical reaction carried out in a
number of steps by several types of microorganisms that require little or no
Anaerobic Decomposition:
A biological process, in which, decomposition of organic matter occurs
without oxygen. Two processes occur during anaerobic decomposition. First,
facultative acid forming bacteria use organic matter as a food source and
produce volatile (organic) acids, gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen
sulfide, stable solids and more facultative organisms. Second, anaerobic
methane formers use the volatile acids as a food source and produce
methane gas, stable solids and more anaerobic methane formers. The
methane gas produced by the process is usable as a fuel. The methane
former works slower than the acid former, therefore the pH has to stay