San Ignacio de Loyola University

Engineering and Architecture Faculty

Course:
Highway Design

Professor:
Sanchez Navarro, Alex Manuel

Students:
-

Arriola Astocaza, Marie D.J.

Bellido Dolores, Luis A.
Challco Collantes, Johan
Portilla Sanguineti, Italo

LIMA - PERU
2015

HOMEWORK 1

1. From the AASHTO Green Book, what is the minimum turning

radius for a conventional school bus and a WB15 vehicle?

The WB15 design vehicle representative of a slightly larger

intermediate size tractor-semitrailer combination commonly in use.
The minimum turning radius for a WB15 vehicle is 13.7 m
A conventional school bus (65 passengers) may be used for design of
intersections
of highways with low-volumecounty highways and township/local
roads under 400 ADT. The minimum turning radius for a conventional
school bus is 11.9 m

2. From DG-2013, what is the minimum turning radius for a T2S1,

and VL vehicle?

The minimum turning

radius for a T2S1 vehicle
is 2.22 m.

The minimum turning

radius for a VL vehicle is
4.51 m.

3. Using AASHTO standards, what is the minimum stopping sight

distance for a vehicle travelling at 60kph?

The

minimum SSD for a vehicle travelling at 60kph is 74.3ft =

23meters

4. Indicate two highway projects in Peru, which are currently

scheduled for a bidding process? Hint: www.proinversion.gob.pe

Longitudinal de la Sierra Tramo 4: Huancayo-Izcuchaca-MayoccAyacucho/Ayacucho-Andahuaylas-Puente Sahuinto/Dv. Pisco Huaytar Ayacucho

Proyecto Concesin de la Carretera Emp.PE-EN (Dv. Las Vegas) Tarma - La Merced - Pte. Raither - Villa Rica - Dv. Puerto Bermdez
- Ciudad Constitucin - Von HumboldT/Pte. Raither - Dv. Satipo Puerto Ocopa

5. A vehicle initially traveling at 65kph skids to a stop on a 3%

downgrade, taking 200m to do so. What is the coefficient of
friction on this surface?
Vo=65kph
G=0.03(down)

Using the braking distance equation:

u2
Db=
2 g ( fs G )

(
((

(65 0.278)2
200=
2 9.81 )( fs0.03 )

fs=0.1132
6. Estimate your average walking speed, and compare with the one
proposed for the MUTCD. Which value is more conservative and
why?
7. A truck traveling at 40kph is approaching a stop sign. At time to
and at a distance of 20 m. the truck begins to slow down by
decelerating at 4.2m/s. Will the truck be able to stop in time?

Vo=40 kph

0.278 m/s
=11.12 m/s
1 kph

a=4.2 m/ s 2
V f 2V i2
a=
2d
2

d=

V f V i
2a

d=

0211.122
2(4.2)
d=14.72 m

We can see that the vehicle stop in 14.72m. So, the truck is
able to stop in time.

8. You are shown an accident scene with a vehicle and a light pole.
The vehicle was estimated to hit the light pole at 50kph. The
skid marks are measured to be 220, 200, 185, and 195 meters. A
trial run that is conducted to help measure the coefficient of
friction reveals that a car traveling at 60kph can stop in 100
meters under conditions present at the time of the accident.
What is the initial speed of the vehicle?
Using the braking distance equation for a complete stop (the trial):
VO = 60kph
Db = 100m

D b=

u
2g( f G)

(600.278)2
100 m=
2( 9.81 )(f s )
f s=0.1418
For the average distance in the accident scene:

D b=

( 220+ 200+185+195)
=200
4

Then, using the braking distance equation for traveling distance (the
accident scene):
V1 =??
V2 = 50kph
Db = 200m

D b=

u1u 2
2g ( f G)

20 0 m=

(V o0.278)2(500.278)2
2( 9.81 )(0.1418)

V o=98.49 kph

9. Temporary diversion on a highway of 4 percent upgrade has a

speed limit of 20kph. Speed on the highway is 100kph.
Perception reaction time: 2.5 sec. Height of letters on highway
sign: 10cm. Motorist can see 1 cm of letter height at 5m.
Determine the minimum distance from the diversion that a road
sign should be located to inform the drivers of the temporary
change on the highway.

G=3 =0.03

Find x:
0,01 m5 m
0,1 mx
x=50 m

Distance to see the sign:

e=10(5 /18)2.5
e=69.44 m

now found the breaking distance

Db=

Vf 2Vo2
2 g ( f +G)

Assume f = 0.30

D b=

10 x 5/18220 x 5/182
2 ( 9.81 )(0.04+0.30)

Db=111.05 m

Sign of speed reduction 20kph to 50m of distance:

D=1 11.05+69.44=180.49 m
Minimum distance:
Dmin =D50
Dmin =180.4950
Dmin =130.49 m
The minimum distance from the diversion that a road sign should
be located to inform the drivers of the temporary change on the
highway is 130.49 meters.

10. Given: 2,500 pound passenger vehicle with a frontal crosssectional area of 30 ft2. Straight and level road at sea level.
Speed: 55 mi/h. Vehicle enters an 850 ft. radius horizontal curve.
Determine: (a) Additional horsepower required in the curve to
maintain the original speed. (b) Total resistance force on the
vehicle when traversing the curve.
(a) Additional horsepower required in the curve to maintain the original speed.

W =2500

Crs=0.012
Crv=0.65 x 106
V =55 mph

A=30
R=850
g=32.2

Cd=0.66

Using the equations for air resistance (Ra), rolling resistance (Rr) and
curve resistance (Rc):

Ra= ( Cd . A .V 2) .(1)
2
Rc=

Rr=( Crs+Crv .V 2) w (2)

0.5 ( V 2 . w )
.(3)
g. R

We replace the information in the equations

Ra=

0.002378
( 0.66 (30)(55 1.47)2 )=153.88
2

0.5 ( (55(1.47))2( 2500) )

Rc=
=298.54
32.2(850)
R=Ra+ Rr + Rc=153.88+ 40.62+298.54=493.04

Using the Engine force equation:

55 1.47
106

0.012+0.65( 2) 2500=40.62
Rr=

P=R .

V ( 1.47 )
550

We replace the value R we obtained in the equation:

P=493.04 .

55 ( 1.47 )
=72.48 HP
550

(b) Total resistance force on the vehicle when traversing the

curve.
The total resistance when traversing the curve is the sum of the
resistances but in this case the Rg is 0.

R=Ra+ Rc+ Rr + Rg
R=153.88+ 40.62+298.54+0=493.04