A GRAMMAR

OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

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1963

FOREWORD
The object of this book is to give a course of English grammar for students
specializing in the English language.
The book includes Accidence, i. e. the parts of speech and morphological
categories, and Syntax, i. e. the sentence and the parts of the sentence. The rules
are illustrated by examples taken from English and American authors of the 19th
and 20th centuries.
The material of the book has been used for many years in teaching students of
the Pedagogical institute of Foreign Languages in Leningrad, and has thus been put
to the test of practical work, in preparing the material for print the authors have
cosiderably enlarged it.
Exercises on all topics treated in the manual are published in a separate issue,
arranged in accordance with the chapters of the present book.
The authors wish to acknowledge their obligations to the teachers of the
Department of Foreign Languages and the Philological Department of Leningrad
University, as well as to the teachers of the Hertzen Pedagogical Institute and all
the strangers, who have reviewed the book and made a number of valuable
suggestions.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction. Grammatical structure of the English language
Part I. ACCIDENCE
General classification of the parts of speech
Chapter I. THE NOUN
1. Definition
2. Morphological characteristics
3. Syntactical characteristics
4. Morphological composition
5. Classification
6. The category of number
7. The category of case
Chapter II. THE ARTICLE
1. General notion
Use of articles with common nouns
24. Class nouns
57. Nouns of material
811. Abstract nouns
Use of articles with proper nouns
12. Names of persons
13. Geographical names
14. Names of hotels, ships, newspapers and magazines
15. Names of cardinal points
16. Names of months and days
17. Nouns modified by proper nouns
Use of articles with nouns in some set expressions
18. The use of the indefinite article with nouns in set expressions
19. The use of the definite article with nouns in set expressions
20. Nouns in set expressions used without an article
21. The use of articles with predicative nouns
22. The use of articles with nouns in apposition

 23. The use of articles with nouns used in address

24. Place of the article
25. Ways of expressing the meaning of the English articles in Russian
Special difficulties in the use of articles
26. The use of articles with the nouns day, night, morning, evening
27. The use of articles with names of seasons
28. The use of articles with the nouns school, college, bed, prison, jail
29. The use of articles with the noun town
30. The use of articles with the names of meals
31. The use of articles with names of languages
Use of articles with nouns modified by certain adjectives, pronouns and
numerals
32. Most
33. Few, a few, the few; little, a little, the little
34. Two, the two; three, the three, etc.
35. The second, a second
36. Another, the other
37. Last, the last
38. Next, the next
39. A number, the number
Omission of the article
Chapter III. THE ADJECTIVE
1. Definition
2. Morphological characteristics
3. Spelling rules
4. Syntactical characteristics
5. Morphological composition
6. Classification
7. Grammatical characteristics of qualitative adjectives
8. Grammatical characteristics of relative adjectives
9. Substantivized adjectives
Chapter IV. THE PRONOUN
1. Definition
2. Classification
3. Personal pronouns
4. Possessive pronouns
5. Reflexive pronouns
6. Reciprocal pronouns

 7. Demonstrative pronouns
8. Interrogative pronouns
9. Relative pronouns
10. Conjunctive pronouns
11. Defining pronouns
12. Indefinite pronouns
13. Negative pronouns
Chapter V. THE NUMERAL
1. Definition
2. Cardinal numerals
3. The functions of cardinal numerals in a sentence
4. Ordinal numerals
5. The functions of ordinal numerals in a sentence
Chapter VI. THE WORDS OF THE CATEGORY OF STATE
1. Definition
24. Morphological composition and use