5.

Mention the different ways a political party can resolve its internal
issues.
Answer.
a. follow the footsteps of party presidents
b. listen to majority group
c. secret ballot voting on every issue
d. consult the senior and experienced leaders of party.
6. List the reasons for the defeat of congress in 1967 elections.
Causes, which led to the defeat of the congress in 1967, are
Absence of charismatic leadership in congress
Split within the congress
Increasing unity among the non-congress parties
How did term syndicate come to be used about the congress party? How
did it take its shape and meaning?
Syndicate was the informal name given to a group of Congress leaders who were in
control of the partys organisation. It was led by K. Kamraj, former Chief Minister of
Tamil Nadu and then the president of the Congress party. It included powerful State
leaders like S. K. Patil of Bombay city (later named as Mumbai), S. Nijalingappa of
Mysore (later Karnataka), N. Sanjeeva Reddy of Andhra Pradesh and Atulya Ghosh of
West Bengal. Both Lal Bahadur Shastri and later Indira Gandhi owed their position to
the support received from the Syndicate.
What contributed to popularity of Indira government in early 1970s?
Certain important factors led to the popularity of Indira Gandhi.
To begin with, she inherited a rich political legacy and got ample opportunities to
interact with the popular freedom fighter and thereby obtain the knowledge of the
political life of India.
She became the leader of the congress party
An absence of genuine and powerful leader with a mass appeal
An absence of a well organized political party with a mass base to counter her,
gave her a tremendous psychological boost.

Ten point programmes, (pro-poor)

Garibi hatao which generate support base among disadvantaged like

landless laborers dalits and adivasis, minorities women and the unemployed
youth.

10. After Nehru, who? Was much discussed topic in political circles and
press. Describe the ease with which succession took place in India
contrary to all speculation.
After the death of Nehru, there was a question of political succession before
congress. Shastri took the charge after Nehru, but his sudden death again raised
the same question before the congress. This time there was an intense competition
between Morarji Desai and Indira Gandhi. Morarji Desai had earlier served as Chief
Minister of Bombay state (today's Maharashtra and Gujarat) and also as a Minister
at the centre. Indira Gandhi, the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, had been Congress
President in the past and had also been Union Minister for Information in the Shastri
cabinet. This time the senior leaders in the party decided to back Indira Gandhi, but
the decision was not unanimous. The contest was resolved through a secret ballot
among Congress MPs. Indira Gandhi defeated Morarji Desai by securing the support
of more than two-thirds of the party's MPs. A peaceful transition of power, despite
intense competition for leadership, was seen as a sign of maturity of India's
democracy.
11. What was non-congressism ? Who were behind it? What role did Ram
Manohar Lohia play in organizing it?
Non congress is the name given by Ram Manohar Lohia to the strategy named
against the then Indira Gandhi government. Opposition parties were in the forefront
of organising public protests and pressurising the government. Parties opposed to
the Congress realised that the division of their votes kept the Congress in power.
Thus parties that were entirely different and disparate in their programmes and
ideology got together to form anti-Congress fronts in some states and entered into
electoral adjustments of sharing seats in others. They felt that the inexperience of
Indira Gandhi and the internal factionalism within the Congress provided them an
opportunity to topple the Congress.
Or
Non-Congress-ism is a term that is used to describe the anti-congress waves started
by non-congress parties with rightist and leftist leanings that arose citing an
uninterrupted Congress rule to be the root cause of various problems faced by our
country such as food problems, economic crisis, corruption and dependence on
foreign countries.
Ram Manohar Lohia produced a theoretical argument in its defence: Congress rule
was undemocratic and opposed to the interests of ordinary poor people; therefore,

the coming together of the non-Congress parties was necessary for reclaiming
democracy for the people.
12. what challenges had Indira Ghandi to face in her own party after the
1967 elections?

The elections of 1967 brought into picture the phenomenon of coalitions.

Since no single party had got majority, various non Congress parties came
together to form joint legislative parties (called Samyukt Vidhayak Dal in
Hindi) that supported non-Congress governments. In most of these cases the
coalition partners were ideologically different.
Another important feature of the politics after the 1967 election was the role
played by defections in the making and unmaking of governments in the
States. Defection means an elected representative leaves the party on whose
symbol he/she was elected and joins another party.
Split in the Congress. A group of powerful and influential leaders in congress
started opposing indira gandi. This led to split.

13. Abolition of Privy Purse was supported by indira was and opposed on
moral grounds by Morarji Desai. Furnish details of the privileges granted
after the integration of princely states, and its abolition by constitutional
amendment in 1971.
In India, the Privy Purse was a payment made to the royal families of erstwhile
princely states as part of their agreements to first integrate with India in 1947, and
later to merge their states in 1949 whereby they lost all ruling rights.
For the 565 princely states, Privy Purses ranged from Rs. 5000 per annum to
amounts in millions. 102 privy purses were of more than 1 lakh rupees with an
upper ceiling of 2 lakh rupees for all except 11 states.
six of the most important Princely states in India were provided with Privy Purses
above Rs. 1,000,000. These were Hyderabad, Mysore, Travancore, Baroda, Jaipur
and Patiala.
For several rulers, the agreements provided for a reduction in the Privy Purse for
successors. For certain other states, while certain amounts were guaranteed for the
time being, it was liable to be reduced soon after.
Thus Hyderabad which received initially a Privy Purse of Rs. 4285714 was a few
years later guaranteed a Rs. 2,000,000 purse. The Government of India also
generally reduced the allowances with every succession in the family.
It was proposed in parliament in 1971, and was successfully passed as the 26th
Amendment to the Constitution of India in 1971. Then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi
argued the case for abolition based on equal rights for all citizens and the need to
reduce the government's revenue deficit.