InvestigationofSmallSignalStability

Investigation
of Small Signal Stability
foraRenewableEnergyBased
ElectricityDistributionSystem
S Dahal N Mithulananthan T Saha
S.Dahal,N.Mithulananthan,T.Saha
SchoolofInformationTechnologyandElectricalEngineering
TheUniversityofQueensland
St.Lucia,QLD4072,Australia
Tuesday,July 27,2010

IEEEPower&EnergySocietyGeneralMeeting,Minneapolis,USA
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Presentation Outline
Background&Objective
SystemModelling&SmallSignalStability
System Modelling & Small Signal Stability
Analysis
ResultsandDiscussions
R l
d Di
i
ConclusionsandFutureworks

Background
GlobalIssues

Outco
omes

Electricity Market
ElectricityMarket

Climate Change
ClimateChange

Limited Resources
LimitedResources

Distributed
Distributed
generation

Renewable
Renewable
Energy

Nuclear

CarbonCapture
&Storage(CCS)

PluginHybridElectric
Vehicles(PHEV)

Efficiency
3

Distributed Generation
DistributedGeneration
Usuallylessthan30MW(AEMO,Australia)
NeitherPlannednordispatchedcentrally
(as of now)
(asofnow)

Location Size(MW)
1

0.0015to0.1

0.1to3

3 4
3,4

1 to 6
1to6

5,6,7

3to25

20andabove

Future Distribution System

FutureDistributionSystem

Characteristics

Challenges

DifferentGenerationTechnologies

Stability,Control

BidirectionalPowerFlow

Stability,Protection

Intermittency

Dispatch,Regulation,Quality
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Objective
Tomodelthesystemforstabilityanalysis
appropriatemodelsofDGunits,network&Load
i t
d l f DG it
t
k&L d

Toanalysethesystemforsmallsignalstability
Impactofwindandsolar
Impactofpenetration

S
M d lli
SystemModelling
&
SmallSignalStabilityAnalysis

Generator Modelling
GeneratorModelling
Generator

Stator Flux
Dynamics

RotorFlux
Dynamics

RotorInertia
Dynamics

Exciter/
Governor

Converter/
Inverter

Synchronous
Generator

Squirrel Cage
Induction
Induction
Generator

DoublyFed
Induction
Generator

Photovoltaic
Generator

PV System Model
PVSystemModel

DClinkdynamics

C dv dc2
= Ppv Pdc
2 dt
Decoupledfromsystemdynamicsbyinverter.
9

Network Modelling
NetworkModelling
Component

Model

Network

Admittancematrix

Generator

CurrentSource

Loads

Impedances

[I ] = [Y ][V ]

10

Modal Analysis
ModalAnalysis
DAE f
DAEsofpowersystems
t
.

x = f ( x, y )
0 = g ( x, y )

Participation factor
relatesthestatesandthemodes
anelementofproductofrightandlefteigenvector

pki = ki vik
11

Modal Analysis (Contd )

ModalAnalysis(Contd..)
Eigenvaluesensitivity
Eigenvalue sensitivity
showsimpactofsystemparameters(K)oneigenvalue
movement

Proposedsensitivityindex
sensitivityofeigenvalue w.r.t.totalactivepower
fluctuation
A
iT v i
i
P
SI =
= T i
i .v
P
12

Results & Discussion

Results&Discussion

13

Case Distribution System

CaseDistributionSystem
ExternalGrid

SG1>4MW
(voltage control)
(voltagecontrol)

InductionGen>2MW
(Squirrelcage)

SG2>5MW
(PF Controlled)
(PFControlled)

SystemLoad
System
Load
28MW,17MVAR

PVGen(1MW)

DGunitsareunscheduled
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System Eigenvalues
SystemEigenvalues
25

20

EigenvalueContribution

15

Generator

Model
Order

State
variables

SG1

SG2

IG

PV

Imaginary Axis

10

-5
5

-10

-15

T t l 15
Total

-20

-25
-35

-30

-25

-20
-15
Real Axis

-10

-5

Eigenvalues 15

AlleigenvaluesinlefthalfofImaginaryaxis stablesystem

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Oscillatory Modes
OscillatoryModes
Modes

Damping Frequency
Ratio
(Hz)

DominantGenerator

1,2

0.26

3.28

PFControlled SG(Bus3)

3, 4
3,4

0.23

2.89

Voltage controlled SG (Bus 2)

VoltagecontrolledSG(Bus2)

5,6

0.48

2.82

WindGenerator(Bus6)

Oscillatoryfrequenciesof3Hzwereobserved
Windgeneratorcontributestohighlydampedmode
Wind generator contributes to highly damped mode

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Penetration & Participation

Penetration&Participation
Dominant generator
Dominantgenerator
Modes
1,2
3,4
5,6

Basecase

20%wind

20%solar

PFControlledSG

PFControlledSG

PFControlledSG

VoltagecontrolledSG

WindGenerator

WindGenerator

Wind Generator/
WindGenerator/
Voltagecontrolled
SG

V l
Voltage
controlledSG
WindGenerator

Dominantgeneratorsmayalteraftersignificantpenetrationofwind
Windgeneratorinfluencesmorethansolar
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Penetration & Sensitivities

Penetration&Sensitivities

Forincreasedsolarpenetration,sensitivitiesdecreaseforallmodes.
p
y
Forincreasedwindpenetration,sensitivitiesmaydecreaseorincrease.
Modesdominatedbysynchronousgeneratorsaremoresensitive.

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Time Domain Analysis

TimeDomainAnalysis
Three phase fault applied for 70 ms at bus 15
Threephasefaultappliedfor70msatbus15.
Rotorsp
peed(p.u
u.)

1.006
1.004
1.002
Basecase

20% Wind
20%Wind

0.998

20%Solar

0.996
0.994
0.8

1.3
Time(sec)

1.8

R
RotorspeeddeviationofvoltagecontrolledSGwasobserved
dd i i
f l
ll d SG
b
d
Windandsolarpenetrationimprovesdamping
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Time Domain Analysis (contd )

TimeDomainAnalysis(contd.)

R
RotorspeeddeviationofPFcontrolledSGwasobserved
dd i i
f PF
ll d SG
b
d
Windandsolarpenetrationhavenoimpactondamping
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Conclusions&FutureWorks

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Conclusions
ThedistributionsystemwithDGunitsexhibitoscillations.
y
Frequenciesof3Hzwereobserved
SGmodesaremoresensitivethanWGmodes
SG
modes are more sensitive than WG modes
Informationonlocationofcontrollers
Participationsaresensitiveforwindthansolarpenetration
Participations
are sensitive for wind than solar penetration
rotorfluxvariablesofwindgeneratorsareinfluential
S l
i d
ii ii
f i
d
Solarpenetrationdecreasessensitivitiesofeigenmodes
betterimpactonsmallsignalstability
Penetrationofrenewablehasgoodimpact
betterdampingofvoltagecontrolledSG
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Future Works
FutureWorks
Loadmodelling
identificationandpropermodellingoftheloads

f
ll
Locationanddesignofcontrollers
Performanceevaluationofthecontrollers

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ThankYouVeryMuch!!
Any Questions are welcome
AnyQuestionsarewelcome

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