Professional Documents
Culture Documents
C&I
C&I
TITLE:
OPERATION, MAINTENANCE & CARE OF BOILERS
LECTURE ON:
OPERATION & MAINTENANCE OF CONTROL &
INSTRUMENTATION
FACULTY:
Mr. R.ANBARASU, DGM.-C&I/FB.
Over view
1.
Pneumatic Control
Hydraulic Control
Electrical Control
2.
3.
4.
5.
Instrumentation
Pressure Measurement
Temperature Measurement
Level Measurement
Flow Measurement
Vibration Measurement
6.
7.
BHELMHO Switch
Trouble shooting
CONTROL SYSTEMS
&
ITS TYPES
Pneumatic Control
AFR
AIR LOCK
4-20mA
4-20mA
ZT
Positioner
E/P
AIR FILTER
REGULATOR
I
P
AFR
AIR SUPPLY
AIR LOCK
I/P CONVERTER
Hydraulic Control
Electrical Control
Electric Actuator
Function
Symbol
Definition
SUMMING
Averaging
/n
3
Difference
Proportional
Integral
K or P
Derivative
Multiplying
Dividing
Root Extractor
10 Nonlinear or
unspecified
Function
Symbol
Definition
D or d/dt
.
.
F(x)
12 High Selecting
13 Low selecting
14 High limiting
Symbol
Definition
F(t)
>
<
>
15 Low limiting
<
Symbol
Definition
-K or -P
+,- or
18 Analog signal
Generator
19 Transfer
FURNACE SAFEGUARD
SUPERVISORY SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS OF FSSS
BOILER PURGE
FLAME SCANNING
Digital Gates
ON DELAY TIMER
OR GATE
I/P
SIGNAL 1
2
3
I/P
OR
O/P
OFF DELAY TIMER
AND GATE
I/P
SIGNAL 1
2
3
O/P
O/P
I/P
AND
O/P
O/P
I/P 1
I/P 2
S
R
O/P 1
O/P 2
BOILER TRIP
TURBINE TRIPPED
2/3 DRUM LEVEL HIGH
RESET M.F.R. TO
BOILER TRIP
M.F.R
PURGE START
PURGING
PURGE
READY
G
RESET M.F.R. TO
NO BOILER TRIP
PURGE
COMPLETE AND
NO BOILER TRIP
M.F.R
NO BOILER TRIP
WHAT IS A PLC?
PLC is short for Programmable Logic Controller. A more
common name would be industrial computer.
PLC is the heart of most modern factories using automation
to increase the productivity.
It has a power supply, microprocessor chip, RAM, input /
output and com ports.
It can sense large number of inputs and control a large
number of outputs all in a matter of milliseconds.
It uses symbolic programming language.
INPUT MODULES
Input modules accept a variety of analog or digital signals from
various sensors and convert them to logic signals that can be used by
CPU.
OUTPUT MODULES
The output modules convert control instructions from the CPU into
signals that can be used to control various field devices.
CPU
The CPU makes the decision & executes control instructions
based on the program in its memory.
PROGRAMMING DEVICE
Programming device is used to install the instructions that
determine what the PLC has to do in response to specific inputs.
OPERATOR MODULE
The operator interface allows the process information to be
displayed and new parameters to be entered.
INSTRUMENTATION
SCOPE OF INSTRUMENTATION
AUTOMATIC REGULATING CONTROL
AUTOMATIC SEQUENCE CONTROL
INTERLOCKING
PROTECTION
PERFORMANCE CHARACTRISTICS
ACCURACY
RESPONSE TIME
REPEATABILITY
OPERATING TEMP. RANGE
VARIABLES IN MEASUREMENTS
PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE
LEVEL
FLOW
CONDUCTIVITY
VIBRATION
ANALYSER
DENSITY
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS
PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
SIMPLE MANOMETER
INCLINED
MANOMETER
CYSTERN
MANOMETER
BELLOW PRESSURE
GAUGE
DIAPHRAGM
PRESSURE
GAUGE
BOURDON
PRESSURE
GAUGE
Pressure Transmitters
Low pressure
Diaphragm
Gauge
Absolute
Pressure
Transmitter
Diaphragm
sealed Gauge
Pressure
Transmitter
Diaphragm sealed
Differential Pressure
Transmitter
Pressure Switch
Industrial Pressure
Transducer
Pressure Indicator
Diaphragm Pressure
Transducer
Differential Pressure
Switch
Differential
Pressure
Transducer
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
Expansion Thermometers
Resistance Thermometers
Thermocouples
Pyrometers
Thermistors
SUPERHEATER TUBE
THERMOCOUPLE
Without
protection
With
protection
EXPANSION THERMOMETERS
Mercury In Glass
Thermometer
Bimetallic
Thermometers
Mercury In Steel
Thermometer
Vapour Pressure
Thermometers
THERMOCOUPLE
K TYPE
THERMISTOR
Temperature Transmitters
Temperature Indicator
RTD
PYROMETERS
Optical Pyrometer
Emissivity Calculator
Pyrometer
FLOW MEASUREMENT
Orifice Plate
Flow Nozzle
Venturi Tube
Area Flow Meter
1.Rotameter
2.Piston Type Meter
Venturi Tube
Orifice plate
Flow Nozzle
PD FLOW METERS
PD flow meter
PD flow meter : Positive Displacement Meter
Principle of measurement : Displacement of oil by
Dry parts
Oval gears
Pulse amplifier
Gear shaft
F/I converter
Housing
Cover plate
Strainer
Strainer :
PD Meter Parts
Pulse amplifier :
Generates and amplifies weak pulses proportional
to the volume of oil displaced thro the flow meter.
F to I converter :
Converts the pulse generated by the pulse
generator into a linear 4 20 mA current signal.
PD flow meter
Strainer
Oval
wheel
meter
Pulse
generator
F/I
converter
4-20mA to DCS
Ennore
meter
and
SEISMIC DEVICE
VELOCITY PICKUP
PIEZO ELECTRIC
SENSOR
ENCLOSURE PROTECTION
Degrees of Protection
FIRST NUMERAL
IP
X X
SECOND NUMERAL
----- why?
IP
Characteristic letters.
1st characteristic numeral.
Supplementary letter.
2nd characteristic letters.
1st
Numeral
& suffix
Short description
1.
2L.
3.
3 L.
Definition
4 L.
5.
Dust protected
6.
Dust tight
(Prevents ingress of dust).
Short description
Definition
1.
Protection against
dripping water
2.
Protection against
dripping water
When tilted up to 150.
Vertically falling drops shall have no harmful effect when the enclosure
is tilted at any angle up to 150 from its normal position.
Conditions: Duration of test 10 min.
3.
Water falling as a spray at angle up to 600 from the vertical shall have
no harmful effect.
Condition : Duration:10 Min
: Delivery rate:: 10 L / min.
: Water pressure: 0.8 bar.
4.
Protection against
splashing water.
Water splashed against the enclosure from any direction shall have no
harmful effect
Condition of Test: Same as 3.
5.
Protection
against heavy
seas.
Water from heavy seas or water projected in powerful jets shall not enter the
enclosure in harmful quantities.
Conditions: Nozzle: Internal dia: 12.5 mm.
: Delivery rate:: 100 L /min.
: Water pressure: 1 bar.
: Minimum test Duration: 3 Min.
: Distance from Nozzle to Eqpt: 3 meter.
7.
Protection
against effects of
immersion.
Ingress of water in a harmful quantities shall not be possible when the enclosure
is immersed in water under :
water shall be min. 150mm above surface (highest pt).
The lowest portion of the eqpt shall be at least 1 m below the surface of water.
Duration of the test shall be 30 Min.
Water Temp. shall not differ from that of the eqpt. by more than 5 0 C.
EWLI
Electronic Water Level Indicator
BHELMHO Switch
BHELMHO Switch.Contd.
By the use of the proven conductivity technique
BHELMHO Level Switch can be employed wherever water
level detection and monitoring is required, such as drain
pots on steam lines or bled steam lines from turbines etc.
The BHELMHO Level Switch with its self-checking, fault
tolerant electronics with right level indication will be
very efficient in level monitoring.
BHELSONIC
Sonic Tube Leak Detection System
595
12
544
505
504
3
4
5
7
10
12
46.95
14
13
15
42.5
41.5
39.0
16
17
30.15
18
9
LEFT SIDE
16.0
FRONT SIDE
LEFT SIDE
BHELFEEDMicroprocessor based
Gravimetric feeder control
Fdr photo-1
BHELFEED
32 Bit system
16 Bit system
8 Bit system
Solid State
Hard Wired
Raw coal
Gear
Box
Load cell
Signal
Motor
Tacho
Signal
Signal
Conditioner
Demand Signal from
Combustion Control
Speed
Controller
GFC
Controller
Output Signal
to Customer
MPGFC Panel
Easy integration with existing
feeders.
Suitable for VFD, ECC and DC
drives
Contd..
Committed to making a better world
DESCRIPTION
IMPORTED
BHELFEED
CONTROL ARCHITECTURE
ELECTRONICS
Modular construction
Non modular
I / O MODULES
Implemented in software
SERVICING OF ELECTRONIC
MODULES
Immediate
COST OF SPARES
Economical
Expensive
AESTHETICS
DIAGNOSTICS
Better Diagnostics.
Customized for Indian condition
Standard diagnostics
Customer
Appreciation
From
BHELSCANMicrocontroller
based Flame Scanners
One corner
flame
FOC
LBA
Head
Electronic
s
ADC
Other corner
processor o/p
MC
U
2/4
Flame
Detect
Logic
O/P
to
FSS
S
Troubleshooting