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Alloy Components Typical Uses: Nickel Loudspeakers Electric Guitars
Alloy Components Typical Uses: Nickel Loudspeakers Electric Guitars
Components
Alnico
Iron
Typical uses
(50%+),
aluminum
Amalgam
cobalt
(8
Magnets
(5
in loudspeakers and
pickups
guitars.
Mercury
(4555%),
in electric
Dental fillings.
Babbitt
Tin
(90%),
antimony
metal
copper (410%).
(715%),
("white
Friction-reducing
coating
in
machine
bearings.
metal")
Brass
bolts,
musical
instruments, central
heating pipes.
Bronze
Decorative
statues,
musical instruments.
or silicon.
Cast iron
Metal
structures
silicon.
as bridgesand
such
heavy-
duty cookware.
Cupro-
nickel
Coins.
(copper
nickel)
Duralumi
body
(0.51.5%).
equipment.
Gunmetal
parts,
military
Magnox
Magnesium, aluminum.
Nuclear reactors.
Nichrome
Firework ignition
devices, heating
elements in
electrical
appliances.
Nitinol
Shape-memory alloy
used in medical items,
spectacle frames that
spring back to shape,
and
temperature
switches.
Pewter
Ornaments,
used
to
antimony.
make
tableware
Solder
Connecting
components
circuits.
electrical
into
Steel
Metal
(general)
Steel
(stainless)
tableware.
nickel,
manganese,
structures,
car
molybdenum,
Stellite
Cobalt
(67%),
chromium
(28%),
Coating
for
as
saw
teeth,
lathes,
and chainsaws.
Sterling
silver
Cutlery,
jewelry,
White
gold
Jewelry.
carat)
Wood's
metal
in fire
sprinkler systems.
2. Colloids
Dispersion
Medium
Dispersed
Phase
Type of Colloid
Example
Solid
Solid
Solid sol
Ruby glass
Solid
Liquid
Solid emulsion/gel
Pearl, cheese
Solid
Gas
Solid foam
Lava, pumice
Liquid
Solid
Sol
Liquid
Liquid
Emulsion
Liquid
Gas
Foam
Gas
Solid
Aerosol
Smoke
Gas
Liquid
Aerosol
Fog, mist
1.
2.
3.
Foam is formed when many gas particles are trapped in a liquid or solid.
4.
4. Laws of Matter
First Law
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. This means that you cant make
energy out of nothing the total amount of energy in the universe is a constant.
(Please note that this applies to a closed system the Earth is not a closed system,
the Earth receives energy all the time from the Sun).
Second Law
The second law refers to the state of energy and is reflected in a measurement of
the degree of disorder, (a measurement called entropy). When you burn a lump of
coal, (a material in a very ordered state) a change occurs which results in a more
disordered state and you can never combine the resultant products, (heat, gases,
etc.) back to form that original lump of coal, (First Law). The Universe, according to
scientific evidence, is winding down, the sun will eventually go out, (in billion of
years so we dont have to worry right now). In summary when we use an energy
source it is not destroyed but enters a more disordered state. This makes the
energy less available to us and in converting the energy to power means some loss.
Third Law
As we mentioned the universe is winding down. The third law is that everything
does come to a stop only when the temperature is at 273.15C on
the Celsius scale. This equates to 459.67F. This is called absolute zero and is
where the entropy measurement is 0, (Zero).
5. Properties of Matter
Color
Odor
o
Conductivity - The ability of a substance to allow the flow of energy or
electricity.
o
o
Melting/Freezing Point - The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases
of a substance are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure.
o
Boiling Point - The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is
equal to the pressure on the liquid (generally atmospheric pressure).
o
o
Weight - A measurement of the gravitational force of attraction of the earth
acting on an object.
o
Length
Physical Properties
Physical properties are properties that can be measured or observed without
changing the chemical nature of the substance. Some examples of physical
properties are:
color (intensive)
density (intensive)
volume (extensive)
mass (extensive)
Chemical Properties
Remember, the definition of a chemical property is that measuring that property
must lead to a change in the substance's chemical structure. Here are several
examples of chemical properties:
Chemical stability refers to whether a compound will react with water or air
(chemically stable substances will not react). Hydrolysis and oxidation are two such
reactions and are both chemical changes.
6. Changes in Matter
Chemical changes occur when a substance combines with another to form a new
substance, called synthesis or, alternatively, decomposes into two or more different
substances. These processes are called chemical reactions and, in general, are not
reversible except by further chemical reactions. Some reactions produce heat and
are calledexothermic reactions and others may require heat to enable the reaction
to occur, which are called endothermic reactions.
Physical changes are changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not
its chemical composition. Physical changes are used to separate mixtures into their
component compounds, but can not usually be used to separate compounds
into chemical elements or simpler compounds.[1]
Physical changes occur when objects or substances undergo a change that does not
change their chemical composition. This contrasts with the concept of chemical
change in which the composition of a substance changes or one or more substances
combine or break up to form new substances. In general a physical change is
reversible using physical means. For example salt dissolved in water can be
recovered by allowing the water to evaporate.
A physical change involves a change in physical properties. Examples of physical
properties include melting, transition to a gas, change of strength, change
of durability,
changes
to crystal
form,
textural
change, shape,
References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_change
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_change
https://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/majors/tutorialnotefiles/intext.htm
http://powerplug-in.com/the-three-laws-of-energy/
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/Soluti
ons_and_Mixtures/Colloid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_alloys