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Ne203 Assignment 1
Ne203 Assignment 1
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
Assignment 1, NE 203
Using CZ method
d) As earlier stated,
Cs (x) =
K.S(x)
V0 (1 x/L)
Therefore,
ds =
k.S(x).A.dx
V0 (1 x/L)
(Here Negative sign is used in the above equation because whatever is the increase in the impurities of the melt is the decrease in solid crystal)
k.S(x).A
ds
=
dx
V0 (1 x/L)
ds
k.A.dx
=
S(x)
V0 (1 x/L)
Z S(x)
Z x
ds
k.A.dx
S(x)
V0 (1 x/L)
Sm
0
ln
S(x)
= k. ln(1 x/L)
S0
where,
S0 is the total impurities in the melt when no crystal has been formed.
e) Now Putting the value of Cs (x) in the equation above we get,
Cs (x) =
Cs (x)
= k.(1 x/L)k1
Cm
Cs (x)
vs x/L plots for k=0.3 and k=0.03 respectively
Cm
Cs (x)
vs x/L plots for k=0.003 respectively
Cm
.dx =
k.(1 )k1 .dx = k
C
L
m
0
0
So, the area under the curve gives the value of distribution constant i.e. k.
Using FZ method
a)Volume of the melt= A.w (A is the area of the ingot and w is the width of
the melt)
Cl (x) = S(x)/V (x)
where, Cl (x) is the concentration of impurities in the melt
Cs (x) = k.Cl (x)
Cs (x) = k.S(x)/V (x)
The Volume of the melt remains constant till 0 < x < L w. Hence, V(x)=A.w
Cs (x) =
4
k.S(x)
A.w
dx
w
w
Z S(x)
Z x
ds
=
dx
Sm
k.S(x)
Sm
0
w
w
k.S(x)
Sm
w
w
= K.x/w
ln
Sm
k.Sm
w
w
Sm
S(x) =
[1 (1 k) exp(k.x/w)]
k
S(x)
SLw
ln
ds
=
S(x)
Lw
k.dx
Lx
S(x)
Lx
= k. ln
SLw
w
S(x) = SLw .(
Since,Cs (x) =
1 x/L k
)
w
k.S(x)
A.(L x)
So,
Cs (x) = Cs (L w).(
L x k1
)
w
j) It is very true that even though the basic idea of zone refining is same in
both FZ and CZ, the math is pretty different. In CZ method new pure crystal
was formed directly from the melt but in FZ method, the melt passes through
the solid and there change in the concentration of the impurities in the solid.
As in the first pass FZ method the concentration of the impure ingot was constant i.e. Cm but for the second pass of float zone concentration varies as:
For 0 < x < L w,
Cs (x) = Cm .(1 (1 k)exp(k.x/w)
For L w < x < L,
Cs (x) = Cm .(1 (1 k)exp(k.(l w)/w).(
l x k1
)
w
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For, melt being present at L 2w < x < L w the crystal would be formed
from the ingot present between L w < x < L. Here the Cs (x) would change
as,
l x k1
Cs (x) = Cm .(1 (1 k)exp(k.(l w)/w).(
)
w
Similarly using ode 45 to solve for L 2w < x < L w we
dC2
= Cs (x + w) C2 (x)
k.dx
where,
Cs (x) = Cf loatzone (L w).(L x/w)k1
So between L 2w < x < L the semilogy plot i.e. log10(C(x)/Cm) would go to
infinity.
It is apparent from the graph that FZ second pass has high uniformity i.e.
there is very less variation. Although the concentration of impurities is high as
compared to one in CZ method in the beginning.
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