Chapter 6 : Topics = K.E.

and Potential Energy

ENERGY
The ability of a body to do work is called Energy .
(i) It is a scalar quantity.
(ii) Its dimensional formula is [ML2 T 2 ]
(iii) It has same unit as work i.e. S.I. unit is JOULE and cgs unit ERG. dd
MECHANICAL ENERGY
The energy produced by mechanical means is called Mechanical energy .It iis of
two types :
(i) Kinetic Energy K.E.

1
mv 2
2

(ii) Potential Energy P.E.

TRY YOURSELF !!!!

In a Balllistic demonstration , a police officer fires a bullet of mass 50 g with a
speed of 200m/s on a soft plywood of thickness 2 cm. The bullet emerges with
only 10% of initial kinetic energy . What is the emergent speed of Bullet ?
[Ans : v = 63.2 m/s]
WORK - ENERGY THEOREM :
It states that the net work done due to external forces acting on a body is equal
to the change in K.E. of the body .
DERIVE WORK ENERGY THEOREM FOR CONSTANT FORCE :
F (constant)

u
m

acceleration = a

s
Let a constant force F acts on a block of mass m .
initial velocity = u
final velocity = v
acceleration of block = a
displacement of body = S
2
2
As , v u 2as
or , v 2 u2 2as

or ,

v 2 u2
a
2s

Therefore , the work done = F.d Fdcos Fdcos 00 Fd

Therefore , W = Fd m a d m

v 2 u2
s
2s

1
m v 2 u2
2

TRY YOURSELF !!!

Derive an expression for kinetic energy of a body .

DERIVE WORK ENERGY THEOREM FOR VARIABLE FORCE :

F(variable)

u
m

acceleration = a

s
Let a constant force F acts on a block of mass m .
initial velocity = u
final velocity = v
acceleration of block = a
displacement of body = S

As, dW = F.dS = F dS cos00 F dS

dW = m a dS
dW = m

dv
ds

dS m v dv v
dt
dt

v2
1
1
W dW mvdv m mv 2 mu2
2
2 u 2
u
W = K.E. (final) - K.E. (initial)

RELATION BETWEEN K.E. AND MOMENTUM (P) :

According to Linear momentum , p = mv

1
1 m2 v 2
2
and K.E. = mv =
2
2 m

p2
K.E. =
2m

(Linear momentum ) p

2mK

TRY YOURSELF !!!!

Draw the graphs of three conditions of graph K.E. and p (momentum)

(i) if p = constant (ii) if K.E. = constant
(iii) if m = constant

A block of mass m =1 kg , moving on a horizontal surface with speed

v i 2m / s enters a rough patch ranging from x = 0.10 m to x = 2.01 m. The retarding force Fr on the block in this range is inversely proprtional to x over this range

k
, 0.1<x<2.01m
r
= 0 for x < 0.1 m and x > 2.01 m

Fr

where , k = 0.5 joule . What is the final speed and K.E. of the block as it
crosses the patch ?

A bullet weighing 10 g is fiired with a velocity of 10 m/s . After passing

through a mud wall of thickness 1m thick , its velocity decreases to 100m/s . Find
the average resistance offered by the mud wall .
[Ans :
3150 N]

If the linear momentum of a body is increased by 20% , what will be the %

increase in the kinetic energy of the body ?
[Ans : 44% ]

If the kinetic energy of a body is increased by 300% , what will be the %

increase in the Linear momentum of the body ?