2013 SECTION IX

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QW-191.2.2 Personnel Qualifications and Certifications.

(a) All personnel performing ultrasonic examinations
for welder and welding operator qualifications shall be
qualified and certified in accordance with their employers
written practice.
(b) The employers written practice for qualification
and certification of examination personnel shall meet all
applicable requirements of SNT-TC-1A1 for the examination method and technique.
(c) Alternatively, the ASNT Central Certification Program (ACCP) or CP-1891 may be used to fulfill the examination and demonstration requirements of SNT-TC-1A
and the employers written practice.
(d) Provisions for the training, experience, qualification,
and certification of NDE personnel shall be described in
the Manufacturers Quality Control System.

Every other welding stud (five joints) shall be tested

either by hammering over until onefourth of its length
is flat on the test piece, or by bending the stud to an angle
of at least 15 deg and returning it to its original position
using a test jig and an adapter location dimension that
are in accordance with Figure QW-466.4.
The remaining five welded stud joints shall be tested in
torque using a torque testing arrangement that is substantially in accordance with Figure QW-466.5. Alternatively,
where torquing is not feasible, tensile testing may be used,
and the fixture for tensile testing shall be similar to that
shown in Figure QW-466.6, except that studs without
heads may be gripped on the unwelded end in the jaws
of the tensile testing machine.
QW-192.1.2 Acceptance Criteria Bend and
Hammer Tests. In order to pass the test(s), each of the five
stud welds and heataffected zones shall be free of visible
separation or fracture after bending and return bending or
after hammering.

QW-191.2.3 Acceptance Criteria for Qualification

Test Welds. Indications shall be sized using the applicable
technique(s) provided in the written procedure for the examination method. Indications shall be evaluated for acceptance as follows:
(a) All indications characterized as cracks, lack of fusion, or incomplete penetration are unacceptable regardless of length.
(b) Indications exceeding 1/8 in. (3 mm) in length are
considered relevant, and are unacceptable when their
lengths exceed
(1) 1/8 in. (3 mm) for t up to 3/8 in. (10 mm).
(2) 1/3t for t from 3/8 in. to 21/4 in. (10 mm to 57 mm).
(3) 3/4 in. (19 mm) for t over 21/4 in. (57 mm), where t
is the thickness of the weld excluding any allowable reinforcement. For a butt weld joining two members having
different thicknesses at the weld, t is the thinner of these
two thicknesses. If a full penetration weld includes a fillet
weld, the thickness of the throat of the fillet shall be included in t .

QW-192.1.3 Acceptance Criteria Torque Tests.

In order to pass the test(s), each of the five stud welds
shall be subjected to the required torque shown in the following table before failure occurs.
Required Torque for Testing Threaded Carbon Steel Studs
Nominal Diameter
of Studs, in. (mm)

Testing Torque,
ftlb (J)

28 UNF
20 UNC

5.0 (6.8)
4.2 (5.7)

/16 (7.9)
/16 (7.9)

24 UNF
18 UNC

9.5 (12.9)
8.6 (11.7)

/8 (9.5)
/8 (9.5)

24 UNF
16 UNC

17 (23.0)
15 (20.3)

/16 (11.1)
/16 (11.1)

20 UNF
14 UNC

27 (36.6)
24 (32.5)

20 UNF
13 UNC

42 (57.0)
37 (50.2)

/16 (14.3)
/16 (14.3)

18 UNF
12 UNC

60 (81.4)
54 (73.2)

/8 (15.9)
/8 (15.9)

18 UNF
11 UNC

84 (114.0)
74 (100.0)

/4 (19.0)
/4 (19.0)

16 UNF
10 UNC

147 (200.0)
132 (180.0)

7
7

/8 (22.2)
/8 (22.2)

14 UNF
9 UNC

234 (320.0)
212 (285.0)

1 (25.4)
1 (25.4)

12 UNF
8 UNC

348 (470.0)
318 (430.0)

/4 (6.4)
/4 (6.4)

1
5
5

3
7
7

/2 (12.7)
/2 (12.7)

QW-191.2.4 Acceptance Criteria for Production

Welds. The acceptance criteria for welders or welding operators who qualify on production welds by ultrasonic examination as permitted in QW-304.1 or QW-305.1 shall be
per QW-191.2.3.

1
9
9

QW-191.3 Record of Tests. The results of welder and

welding operator performance tests evaluated by volumetric NDE shall be recorded in accordance with
QW-301.4.

QW-192

Threads/in. and
Series Designated

STUDWELD TESTS

QW-192.1 Procedure Qualification Specimens.

QW-192.1.1 Required Tests. Ten studweld tests
are required to qualify each procedure. The equipment
used for stud welding shall be completely automatic except for manual starting.

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2013 SECTION IX

15 deg and returning it to its original position using a test

jig and an adapter location dimension that are in accordance with Figure QW-466.4.

Required Torque for Testing Threaded Austenitic Stainless Steel

Studs
Nominal Diameter
of Studs, in. (mm)
1

/4 (6.4)
1
/4 (6.4)

Threads/in. and
Series Designated

Testing Torque,
ftlb (J)

28 UNF
20 UNC

4.5 (6.1)
4.0 (5.4)

/16 (7.9)
/16 (7.9)

24 UNF
18 UNC

9.0 (12.2)
8.0 (10.8)

/8 (9.5)
/8 (9.5)

24 UNF
16 UNC

16.5 (22.4)
14.5 (19.7)

/16 (11.1)
/16 (11.1)

20 UNF
14 UNC

26.0 (35.3)
23.0 (31.2)

/2 (12.7)
/2 (12.7)

20 UNF
13 UNC

40.0 (54.2)
35.5 (48.1)

/8 (15.9)
/8 (15.9)

18 UNF
11 UNC

80.00 (108.5)
71.00 (96.3)

/4 (19.0)
/4 (19.0)

16 UNF
10 UNC

140.00 (189.8)
125.00 (169.5)

7
7

/8 (22.2)
/8 (22.2)

14 UNF
9 UNC

223.00 (302.3)
202.00 (273.9)

1 (25.4)
1 (25.4)

14 UNF
8 UNC

339.00 (459.6)
303.00 (410.8)

5
5

3
7
7

QW-192.2.2 Acceptance Criteria Bend and

Hammer Tests. In order to pass the test(s), each of the five
stud welds and heat affected zones shall be free of visible
separation or fracture after bending and return bending or
after hammering.

QW-193

TUBETOTUBESHEET TESTS

When the applicable Code Section requires the use of

this paragraph for tubetotubesheet demonstration
mockup qualification, QW-193.1 through QW-193.1.3 shall
apply.
QW-193.1 Procedure Qualification Specimens. Ten 13
mockup welds are required to qualify each procedure.
The mockup assembly shall essentially duplicate the
tube hole configuration and tube-to-tubesheet joint design
within the limits of the essential variables of QW-288. The
thickness of the tubesheet in the mockup test assembly
shall be at least as thick as the production tubesheet, except it is not required to be thicker than 2 in. (50 mm).
The cladding may be represented by the base material of
essentially equivalent chemical composition to the cladding composition. The mockup welds shall be submitted
to the following tests sequentially and must meet the applicable acceptance criteria.

Alternatively, where torquing to destruction is not feasible, tensile testing may be used. For carbon and austenitic stainless steel studs, the failure strength shall be
not less than 35,000 psi (240 MPa) and 30,000 psi
(210 MPa), respectively. For other metals, the failure
strength shall not be less than half of the minimum specified tensile strength of the stud material. The failure
strength shall be based on the minor diameter of the
threaded section of externally threaded studs, except
where the shank diameter is less than the minor diameter,
or on the original crosssectional area where failure occurs
in a nonthreaded, internally threaded, or reduced
diameter stud.

QW-193.1.1 Acceptance Criteria Visual Examination. The accessible surfaces of the welds shall be examined visually with no magnification required. The welds
shall show complete fusion and no evidence of burning
through the tube wall, and shall be free from cracking or
porosity.
QW-193.1.2 Acceptance Criteria Liquid Penetrant. The liquid penetrant examination shall meet the requirements of Section V, Article 6. The weld surfaces shall
meet the requirements of QW-195.2.
QW-193.1.3 Acceptance Criteria Macro
Examination. The mockup welds shall be sectioned
through the center of the tube for macroexamination.
The four exposed surfaces shall be smoothed and etched
with a suitable etchant (see QW-470) to give a clear definition of the weld and heataffected zone. Using a magnification of 10X to 20X, the exposed cross sections of the
weld shall confirm
(a) minimum leak path dimension required by the
design
(b) no cracking
(c) complete fusion of the weld deposit into the tube
sheet and tube wall face
(d) complete penetration of the weld deposit to within
1
/64 in. (0.4 mm) of the root of the joint
(e) porosity shall not reduce the weld throat below the
required minimum leak path thickness

QW-192.1.4 Acceptance Criteria Macro

Examination. In order to pass the macroexamination,
each of five sectioned stud welds and the heataffected
zone shall be free of cracks when examined at 10X magnification, which is required by QW-202.5 when studs are
welded to metals other than PNo. 1.
QW-192.2 Performance Qualification Specimens.
QW-192.2.1 Required Tests. Five studweld tests
are required to qualify each studwelding operator. The
equipment used for stud welding shall be completely automatic except for manual starting. The performance test
shall be welded in accordance with a qualified WPS per
QW-301.2.
Each stud (five joints) shall be tested either by hammering over until onefourth of its length is flat on the test
piece or by bending the stud to an angle of at least
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