INFLAMMATORY DISEASES

BACTERIAL MENINGITIS BRAIN ABSCESS VIRAL MENINGITIS VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS

Causative agent neisseria meningitides, streptococcus streptococcus aureus, H. zoster arbovirus herpes simplex
pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae staphylococcus aureus, H. simplex
toxoplasmosis Cytomegalovirus
pathophysio 1. Inflammatory Response of 1. Microorganism causes 1. case of mumps arthropods such as mosquito and tick organism causes local
meningeal vessels to causative agent Abscess formation 2. organism spreads to infect humans and cause widespread necrotizing hemorrhage of the
2. Exudate formed by WBC 2. Which can either: brain nerve degeneration brain
3. Impaired CSF flow a. Spread 3. causes meningeal
4. increased ICP b. cause tissue necrosis irritation
5. vessels engorge and rupture and edema
S/sx Meningeal lethargy intense h/a same with meningitis same with meningitis
Irritation S/sx** drowsiness Meningeal
decreased LOC n/v Irritation S/sx**
fever increased icp -h/a
expressive aphasia(for frontal
lobe abscess)
Dx Lumbar Tap*** Lumbar Tap*** Lumbar Tap*** Lumbar Tap*** Lumbar Tap***
Gram Staining of CSF CT scan Polymerase Chain PCRT
Reaction Test(PCRT)
Ix Cephalosorins: Anticonvulsants- symptomatic tx such as Acyclovir
a. rifampin phenytoin anticonvulsants Vidarabine
b. cefotaxime Analgesics
c. vancomycin Antiemetics
Anticonvulsants: Phenytoin Antibiotics- pen G,
Corticosteroids: Dexamethasone vancomycin,
Diuretics: Mannitol metronidazole
Others:
a. acetaminophen for fever
b. codeine for h/a
others repiratory iso until (–)CSF culture is craniotomy and drainage bed rest seasonal and geographic in nature complications include
obtained (surg ix) dementia and aphasia
**S/sx of meningeal irritation: ***Normal Lumbar Tap Results Diabetes  Amphotericin B
1. nuchal rigidity(stiff neck) 1. glucose-6-50 mg/dl Organ Transplant  Fluconazole
2. + brudzinski’s sign- passive flexion of 2. normal CHON-15-45 mg/dl b. Types  Flucytosine
neck causes flexion of legs Cryptococcus Mucormycosis
3. + kernig’s sign- leg is fully bent in the FUNGAL INFXNS  Caused by Cryptococcus  caused by a neurotoxin
hip and knee, and subsequent extension of a. Risk Factors: neoformans  good prognosis if treated earlier
the knee is painful Leukemia  fatal  begins in the nasal mucosal
4. Photophobia Immunosuppresion  Meds: lining
5. H/a

BOTULISM TETANUS DIPTHERIA NEUROSYPHILIS

causative agent Clostridium botulinum
pathophysio blocks AcH resulting to impaired autonomic
and voluntary neuromuscular
treansmission/also called food poisoning
s/sx ptosis, diplopia, dysarthria
Clostridium tetani
agent inhibits transmission of reflex
arc and at the presynaptic site
causing the diff. s/sx
Trismus
Incontinence
Corynebacterium diptheriae Treponema pallidum
after direct contact or indirect contact with after onset of syphilis, disease may be
fomites, organism is transmitted and affects the exacerbated, spread to the meninges and
throat and skin, causing the diff. s/sx the rest of the CNS
and cause the diff. s/sx
thick, patchy, greenish mucus membrane Argyll-robertson pupil-pin prick pupils
fever severe h/a
 Risus Sardonicus
Dypsnea and Dysphagia
Rigidity of Muscles
Opisthotonus-high arch back
rigidity
Pain
dx culture and sensi blood and csf culture
med ix Botulinum antitoxin Tetanus immunoglobulin
Tetanus Antitoxin
Valium
Penicillin
Vecuronium
other info or ix avoid damaged ends of canned goods quiet and dim env’t
discard suspected foods wound dressing
tracheo and mech vent
sore throat Nuchal Rigidity
Mental confusion
abnormal reflexes
abnormal gait
schick test, skin test, nose and throat culture Venereal Disease Research Laboratory
Test
Lumbar Tap
CT, MRI
FTA-ABS
Penicillin Penicillin
Erythromycin
strict iso TYPES
elevate head a. asymptomatic-abnormal CSF
oral hygiene b. meningovascular- cranial nerve
immunization-DPT palsies, damage to blood vessels
liquid and soft diet c. tabes dorsalis-loss of position sense in
tracheo set at bedside feet and legs
General Paresis
Personality changes
Affect irritability
Reflexes are hyper
Eye changes-argyll
Sensorium-delusions
Intellect
Speech