Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Column Piping: Study Layout, Nozzle Orientation & Platforms Requirements
Column Piping: Study Layout, Nozzle Orientation & Platforms Requirements
Column Piping: Study Layout, Nozzle Orientation & Platforms Requirements
1.14 A davit usually handles heavy equipment such as large-size relief valves and large-diameter blinds.
If the davit is at the top of the tower, it can also serve for lifting and lowering tower internals to grade.
Clearance for the lifting tackle to all points from which handling is required, and good access should be
provided.
1.15 Very often, interpretation of process requirements inside a tower is more exact than for exterior
piping design. The location of an internal part determines, within strict physical limits, the location of
tower nozzles, instruments, piping and the steelwork. The layout designer has to concentrate on a largescale drawing of tower-internal details and arrangement of process piping to finalize the piping study.
1.16 Access, whether internal or external is very important. This includes accessibility of connections
from ladders and platforms and internal accessibility through shell manholes, handholes or removable
sections of trays. A manhole opening must not be obstructed by internal piping.
1.17 Reboiler-line elevations are determined by the draw off and return nozzles and their orientation is
influenced by thermal flexibility considerations. Reboiler lines and the overhead lines should be as simple
and direct as possible.
1.18 Fig.6 shows the segments of tower circumference allotted to piping, nozzles, manholes, platform
brackets and ladders as normally recommended to develop a well-designed layout.
2.1 Manholes
Nozzles are to be oriented keeping provision for maintenance and operation needs.
Manholes are usually located at bottom, top and intermediate sections of tower. These access nozzles
must not be located at the downcomer sections of the tower or the seal pot sections of the tower.
Where internal piping is arranged over a tray, manhole shall be provided but it should be ensured that
the internals do not block the maintenance access through the manhole.
Possible location of manhole and handholes within the angular limits of b are illustrated in detail-2 of
Fig.4
Fig 2 -Evaluation of the Flow Diagram for a Distillation Column to Visualize an Orderly Arrangement of
Piping
location within the angular limits of a is shown. The angle a depends on the size of reboiler draw off
nozzle and the width of the boot (dimension b) at the tray down flow.
The return connection from the thermosyphon reboilers is shown in detail-1 of Fig.4.
These lines should be as simple and as direct as possible, consistant with the requirements of thermal
flexibility.
For horizontally mounted thermosyphon reboiler, the draw off nozzle is located just below the bottom
tray and for vertically mounted recirculating thermosyphon reboiler, the draw off nozzle is located at the
bottom head. For both the systems, the return nozzles are located just above the liquid level as shown in
Fig.7.
On free-standing columns, access for major maintenance to insulation or painting will usually require the
erection of temporary scaffolding. Space for scaffolding at grade level and provision of cleats on the shell
to facilitate scaffold erection should be considered.
3.3 Utility stations of two services viz. steam and air are usually provided on maintenance platforms.
Steam and air risers should be located during piping study to keep adequate cleats for support.
(see Fig.19)
4.4 Top-head platforms for access to vents, instruments and relief valves are supported on head by
trunions.
4.5 Access between towers may be connected by common platforming.
4.6 It is preferable to space platform brackets on tower equally and to align brackets over each other
over the entire length of shell. This minimizes the structural design and interferences from piping.
4.7 On very wide platforms or those that support heavy piping loads, knee bracing is required in addition
to the usual platform steel. The potential obstruction immediately under the knee brace must be kept in
mind during platform design.
4.8 Fig. 3, 15, 21, 22, 20 & 19 illustrates a few platform considerations.