Memory map

MEMORY
Memory is an essential component of a microcomputer system.It
stores binary instructions and data for the microprocessor . There are
two types of memory : Read/Write Memory(R/WM) and Read-Only
Memory (ROM).

1.Memory Organization (R/W Memory): To communicate with

memory, the MPU should be able to:
. select the chip
. Identify the register
. Read from or Write into the register
Figure 1 shows memory chip of eight register with three address lines,
one chip select (CS) line,one read write (R/W) line, and eight I/O lines.
The MPU uses the CS line to select the chip, and the R/W line to control
data

flow.

Fig-1- Memory chip with 8 registers

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2.Memory Map
Memory map is defined as the assignment of addresses to memory
registers in various memory chips in asystem. In a system based on the
8085/8080A microprocessor, the entire memory map can range from
0000h to FFFFh (216= 65.536)
Example-1- Illustrate the memory map of the chip with 256 bytes of
memory, shown in fig 2(a), and explain how the memory map can be
ganged by modifying the hardware of the chip select (CS) line in fig2(b)

Solution: figure -2(a) shows a memory chip with 256 registers and 8 I/O
lines the memory size of this chip is expressed as 2568 .it has eight
address lines,one chip select (CS) line (active low), and one
Read/Write(R/W) line. The eight address lines(A7-A0) of the
microprocessor are required to identify 256(28) memory register .Eight
other adress lines (A15- A8) are connected to the chip select (CS) line
through inverters and the NAND gate.the memory chip is enabled or
selected when the CS goes low.Therefore to select the memory chip the
address lines A15 A8 should be at logic 0,which will cause the output of
The NAND gate to get low.

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Fig-2-Memory map :256 bytes of memory

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2.1 How the MPU writes into and Read from memory
To write a byte into a memory location fig(3),the MPU
1- places the 16-bit address on the address bus of the memory location
where a byte is to be stored .This address is decoded to select the memory
chip, and the memory register is identified.
2-places the byte on the data bus.
3-sends the control signal memory write to enable the input buffers of
the memory and then stores the byte.
To read from memory, the steps are similar.
1-The MPU places the 16-bit address on the address bus and sends the
control signal memory read to enable the output buffer of the memory
chip.
2-The interfacing logic of the memory chip decodes the address and
selects the appropriate memory register.
3-The memory chip places the data byte on the data bus, and the MPU
reads the data byte.

.
Fig -3-Memory Write Operation

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Memory classification
Memory can be classified into two groups as shown in fig(4)

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For example when the memory register 111 is selected , the data
byte: 01111000 (78h) can be read at lines D0- D7 .

Fig-5- Functional Representation of ROM Memory cell