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Determination of KSP
Determination of KSP
Determination of KSP
DE
MANILA
UNIVERSITY
Ch
46.5
Applied
Physical
Chemistry
Laboratory
1st
Sem.
2014-15
The
calcium
ion
concentration
is
half
the
hydroxide
ion
concentration
determined
by
titration.
The
Gibbs
Free
Energy,
Go,
is
related
to
the
equilibrium
constant
(Ksp)
by
equation
(5)
! = !"
(5)
Where
R
is
the
gas
constant
(R
=
8.314
J/mole-K)
and
T
is
the
absolute
T
in
Kelvin.
To
find
the
enthalpy
(Ho)
and
entropy
(So)
changes,
equation
(6)
is
used:
! = ! !
(5)
Where,
again,
T
is
the
absolute
temperature.
We
assume
Ho
and
So
do
not
change
significantly
with
temperature
which
is
usually
true
for
this
small
temperature
change.
Using
free
energies
Go,
found
for
two
different
temperatures,
Ho
and
So
are
found
by
solving
two
unknowns
in
two
equations.
The
two
equations
are
in
the
form
of
equation
(6)
with
the
two
appropriate
values
for
T
and
Go.
PROCEDURE
1. Prepare
standardized
0.01
M
NaOH
and
0.01
M
HCl
solutions.
Use
freshly
boiled
distilled
water
in
preparing
the
NaOH
solution,
and
standardize
it
against
potassium
acid
phthalate
(KHP)
using
phenolphthalein
end
point.
The
HCl
solution
may
then
be
standardized
using
the
standardized
NaOH
solution.
2. Find
the
solubility
of
calcium
hydroxide
in
water
at
room
temperature.
(Record
the
temperature)
A
solution
of
calcium
hydroxide
will
be
stirring
at
room
temperature
in
the
laboratory.
Draw
off
approximately
40
mL
of
this
solution
and
record
the
temperature.
Filter
the
solution
using
a
long
stem
funnel.
Pipet
10.0
mL
of
the
filtrate
into
a
clean
125-mL
Erlenmeyer
flask
and
add
25.0
mL
of
distilled
water
and
a
few
drops
of
bromothymol
blue
indicator.
Titrate
with
standard
HCl
solution
until
the
yellow
endpoint.
Repeat
two
more
times.
3. To
prepare
100oC
saturated
calcium
hydroxide
solution,
bring
100
mL
of
distilled
water
to
boil
in
a
250
mL
beaker.
After
the
water
has
been
boiling
for
several
minutes,
add
about
2
grams
of
Ca(OH)2
to
the
water
and
keep
it
near
boiling
with
occasional
stirring
until
needed.
4. Find
the
solubility
of
calcium
hydroxide
in
the
hot
solution.
Bring
your
hot
solution
to
a
gentle
boil
for
about
two
minutes.
Turn
off
the
burner,
measure
the
temperature
and
quickly
draw
off
about
40-50
mL
of
solution.
Quickly
filter
it
using
a
clean,
dry
long
stem
funnel.
Pipet
10.0
mL
of
the
cooled
filtrate
into
each
of
three
clean
125
mL
Erlenmeyer
flak
and
add
25
mL
of
distilled
water
and
add
a
few
drops
of
bromothymol
blue
indicator.
When
the
solution
is
cool,
titrate
with
the
standard
HCl
solution
until
the
yellow
end
point.
Repeat
twice
more.
CALCULATIONS:
Find
the
average
solubility
of
calcium
hydroxide
at
each
temperature.
Use
equation
(3_
to
find
the
hydroxide
ion
concentration
and
then
convert
this
to
the
molar
solubility
of
Ca(OH)2.
(Should
you
use
10.0
mL
or
35.0
mL
for
!! ! ?).
Solve
for
Ksp
and
Go
at
each
temperature.
Determine
Ho
and
So.
QUESTIONS:
1. Look
up
the
25oC
Ksp
for
calcium
hydroxide.
How
does
your
room
temperature
value
compare
to
the
reference
(cite
your
source)?
What
are
the
sources
of
error?
2. Calculate
the
molar
solubility
of
Ca(OH)2
at
50oC.
It
is
not
the
average
of
the
0oC
and
100oC
solubilities;
why
not?
3. Why
is
it
necessary
to
titrate
the
solution
before
titrating?
How
would
having
a
small
amount
of
Ca(OH)2
in
the
titration
flask
affect
your
results?
REFERENCES:
Euler,
W,
B.;
Kirshchenbaum,
L.
J.;
B.
Ruckberg,
J.
Chem.
Educ.
2000,
77,
1039-1040.