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Structural Design Using PDMS
Structural Design Using PDMS
VANTAGE PDMS
Version 11.6SP1
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Revision History
Date
Version
Notes
October 2003
11.5
August 2004
11.6
June 2005
11.6.SP1
Revision History-i
Revision History
Revision History-ii
Contents
1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1-1
2-1
Getting Started
3-1
3.1
3.2
3.3
4-1
5-1
Contents-i
Contents
5.3.2
Automating Profile and Primary Node Allocations ............................. 5-3
5.3.3
Setting the Default Specification for Profiles ...................................... 5-4
5.4 Creating Sections Explicitly............................................................................... 5-5
5.5 Viewing the Design ........................................................................................... 5-8
5.5.1
Defining What Appears in the View.................................................... 5-9
5.5.2
Manipulating the Displayed View ..................................................... 5-10
5.5.3
Navigating in the Database by Picking Elements Graphically.......... 5-12
5.6 Event-Driven Graphics Mode .......................................................................... 5-13
5.7 Creating Sections Using Graphical Picking..................................................... 5-14
5.8 Collecting Elements into Temporary Lists....................................................... 5-20
5.9 Copying Parts of the Design Model................................................................. 5-21
5.10 Completing the Initial Design .......................................................................... 5-23
5.11 Saving Your Changes and Leaving Your Design Session ............................. 5-25
6-1
7-1
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
8-1
10
9-1
10-1
11
11-1
Contents
12
12-1
A-1
B-1
B.1
B.2
B.3
B.4
B.5
B.6
B.7
B.8
C-1
Sample Plots
D-1
Contents-iii
Contents
Contents-iv
1.1
1.1.2 Assumptions
For you to use this guide, the sample PDMS project, Project SAM, must
be correctly installed on your system, and you must have read/write
access to the project databases.
It is assumed that you know:
you know how to use the Windows operating system installed at your
site
1-1
1.2
Text conventions
This guide uses the following text conventions:
Serif
Bold
Serif italic
Sans-serif
Sans-serif bold for menu names and options, and for the names of forms.
Typewriter
1.3
Terminology
You can switch rapidly between the different parts of the program, so
that the distinctions between them become almost imperceptible, but you
need to recognise what is happening when you select from the different
functions available to you from the various menus.
The following terms are used throughout this guide to describe what
action to carry out:
Enter
1-2
Type text into the specified dialogue box, then press the
Enter (or Return) key to confirm the entry.
Click
Pick
Drag
Double-click Place the mouse pointer over a specified point, then click
the left-hand mouse button twice in quick succession.
1.4
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
explains how PDMS stores its design data and shows you
how to organise your data.
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
1-3
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
The guide concludes with an index, allowing you to refer back to any
specific topics about whose details you need to be reminded.
1.5
1-4
2.1
modules
applications.
You can switch quickly and easily between different parts of PDMS.
2.2
2-1
2.3
The applications let you check all aspects of your design as work
progresses. This includes on-line interdisciplinary clash detection, so
the chances of errors and inconsistencies reaching the final
documented design are reduced to an exceptionally low level.
2-2
You can set up pointers to define the storage areas in which specific
types of design element are to be held in the database hierarchy.
This, especially when combined with the rule-based naming facility,
minimises the amount of data which you have to enter explicitly as
you build up your design model.
You can set up temporary lists of elements, so that you can carry out
a design operation on all elements within the list simultaneously.
This can avoid a great deal of repetitive work when you carry out
commonly-repeated design modifications.
Sections and panels (wall plates, floor plates, etc.) may be divided at
intersections, after the overall size and shape have been defined,
without affecting any of their logical interconnections. This enables
you to design the macrostructure (for example, complete areas to be
covered) first and then to subdivide this into a manageable
microstructure for fabrication purposes at a later stage (typically, to
make the most efficient use of stock panel sizes). The edges of panels
may be notched to fit around section profiles, and the edges of
adjacent panels may be shaped such they interlock automatically.
2-3
2-4
The applications make it easy for you to create panels and to connect
them to existing panels or sections via linear joints. This facility uses
intelligent pointer picking to enhance the interaction between the
displayed graphics and the design creation process. You can derive
panel vertices simply by picking appropriate datum lines on existing
sections; connections between panels and sections are then created
automatically to give a fully connected structural model. Such panels
can be used either to represent floors/walls or to build up complex
plated connections.
You can carry out multi-disciplinary clash checks at any stage of the
design, thus avoiding spatial conflicts within the overall model which
could be expensive to rectify at the construction stage. This is
particularly important where different features of the design model
are under the control of different designers.
At any stage of your work, you can create reports listing specified
data from the current database. You can specify a standard report
template, so you can derive lists of commonly-required information
very quickly, or you can design a report format to suit your own
particular needs. The resultant output, which can include data from
any design discipline, sorted in any way you require, can be either
displayed on your screen or sent to a file (for storage and/or for
printing).
Getting Started
This chapter explains:
3.1
how to use the windows, menus and forms that comprise the PDMS
graphical user interface
on-line help.
Logging in
This is the first step of the tutorial exercise. If you do not know where the
PDMS program is stored on your system, you will have to contact your
system administrator at this point.
Exercise begins:
1.
Ignore any entries currently shown in this form. The next section
describes how to complete the boxes, and the exercise continues
afterwards.
3-1
Getting Started
3.2
3.3
Using forms
Forms can include any of the following:
text boxes
drop-down lists
option buttons
check boxes
scrollable lists
action buttons.
Text boxes and drop-down lists are explained below; the remainder are
explained later in this chapter.
3-2
Getting Started
When you have finished, confirm the entry by pressing the Enter (or
Return) key. Any text box with an unconfirmed setting is highlighted
by a yellow background.
To change the setting, click on the down arrow or button face to reveal
the full list of available options, then pick the required option.
Exercise continues:
2.
3.
Give the name of the Project in which you want to work: enter SAM.
4.
5.
6.
Give the part of the project Multiple Database (MDB) you want to
work in: enter STRUC.
7.
Give the name of the module you wish to use: select Design.
3-3
Getting Started
Make sure that you leave the Read Only box unchecked, so that you
can modify the database as you work.
8.
You must specify which files to load at startup. You can choose either
the application default settings (Load from Macro Files) or a
customised setup saved during an earlier session (Load from
Binary Files). Select Macro Files.
When you have entered all the necessary details, the form looks like
this:
Click on the
3-4
button.
Getting Started
3.4
3-5
Getting Started
Note: for full details of the Design Explorer, see the PDMS Design
online help.
3D View
This is the window in which you display the design model
graphically as you build it. A shortcut menu (which you access
with the right-hand mouse button) enables you to control how the
model is represented. This window also has its own tool bar.
Status Bar
This displays information about the current status of your
operations.
You can reposition or minimise these windows at any time using
standard window management facilities.
3.5
Using menus
Menu options in pull-down or pop-up menus can be in any of three
formats:
Standalone options initiate an action immediately.
Options followed by three dots display a form.
Options followed by a pointer, display a subsidiary
menu that offers a further range of options.
Throughout this guide, related selections from menus are denoted using
the > symbol as a separator. For example:
Select Position>Move>Distance means:
a) Select Position from the bar men.
b) Select Move from the resulting pull-down menu
c)
3.6
Move the pointer to the right and select Distance from the submenu
that appears.
3-6
Getting Started
The actions of the buttons are explained in the on-line help. If you pause
the pointer over a button, a tool-tip pop-up box will remind you of the
function of the button. To activate a button, you click on it.
Note: The tool bar can be switched off, or displayed with larger
icons. To do so, select Settings>System from the main menu
bar and then set the required options on the resulting System
Settings form.
3.7
or
icon.
You can reduce the amount of information the tree displays by ticking
the filter checkbox and selecting one of the predefined core filters from
the drop-down combo-box list. If you want to narrow the view down even
Structural Design Using VANTAGE PDMS
Version 11.6SP1
3-7
Getting Started
more, you can change the settings in the Explorer Settings, which you
can access by selecting Settings>Explorer from the main menu.
If you place the mouse-pointer over an element, you will get a ToolTip
that gives the elements name, type, and description; clicking-the right
mouse-button while the cursor is over an element will bring up a context
menu from which you can choose to perform various actions. What
actions are available depend on which DB and module you are using.
You can drag-and-drop elements within the Design Explorer to copy them,
or you can drag-and-drop from the Explorer to add elements to the 3D
view and My Data.
The Current Element is highlighted in the tree view and the Current
Element will change to follow selections made elsewhere, even if the
Explorer is not the active window. If you set the Expand to CE check box in
the Explorer Settings, the tree will automatically expand to show the
Current Element if it is not currently in view.
The Current Element is also the displayed in the History List, which you
will find by default on the main menu bar. However, you can undock the
History List and have it as a free-floating window. The figure below
shows the History List as a free-floating window.
You can make another element the Current Element using the History
List by:
3-8
selecting a previously typed in element from the combo-boxs pulldown list. Note that if you dock the window vertically, it will not
display the combo-box;
Getting Started
3.8
3.9
option buttons
check boxes
scrollable lists
action buttons.
3-9
Getting Started
Getting Started
Some forms contain more specific types of control button which carry out
particular command options. The action is indicated by the name of the
button (such as Add or Remove).
The pane on the right shows by default a clickable image of the main
PDMS Design window. If you click on an area of the image, the image
will be replaced by text that describes the part of the image you clicked
on.
Structural Design Using VANTAGE PDMS
Version 11.6SP1
3-11
Getting Started
The left pane contains a set of tabs that allow you to use Help in different
ways. Choosing one of the options described below activates the relevant
tab for you so it is at the front when the Help window comes up.
The Help option gives you the following choices from its submenu:
Help>Contents
This displays the Help window so that you can find the required topic
from the hierarchical contents list.
Help>Index
This displays the Help window with the Index tab selected, so that you
can browse for the topic you want to read about from the alphabeticallyarranged list. You can locate topics quickly by typing in the first few
letters of their title.
Help>Search
This displays the Help window with the Search tab at the front so that
you can find all topics containing the keywords you specify.
Help>About
9.
Experiment with each of the Help options until you understand the
search and navigation facilities for finding specific items of
information. Use the Help>On Context option to read the help texts for
any forms which you can currently see on your screen.
10.
When you are ready to continue, close any forms which you have
been experimenting with as follows:
If a form has its own menu bar, select Control>Close from that
menu.
Do not close the Design Explorer or the 3D View windows, because you will
use these in the next parts of the exercise.
3-12
Getting Started
You are advised to make full use of the on-line help facilities whenever
you want clarification of any operations during the later steps of the
exercise.
3-13
Getting Started
3-14
4.1
Exercise continues:
11.
When loading is complete, the main menu bar and tool bar will show
some extra options, thus:
4.2
4-1
SITE
ZONE
STRUCTURE (STRU)
FRAMEWORK (FRMW)
SUBFRAMEWORK (SBFR)
(optional)
Design data defining individual structural components which make up the design model
Its type
Its connectivity
The vertical link between two elements on adjacent levels of the database
hierarchy is defined as an owner-member relationship. The element on
the upper level is the owner of those elements directly linked below it.
The lower level elements are members of their owning element. Each
element can have many members, but it can have only one owner.
When you are modifying a database (for example, when you are creating
new elements or changing the settings of their attributes), you can
consider yourself to be positioned at a specific point within the hierarchy.
The element at this location is called the current element (often
abbreviated to CE).
You can navigate from any element to any other, thereby changing the
current element, by following the owner-member links up and down the
hierarchy.
In many cases, commands which you give for modifying the attributes of
an element will assume that the changes are to be applied to the current
element unless you specify otherwise, so you must understand this
concept and always be aware of your current position in the database
hierarchy. The Design Explorer (see Section 3.7) will always show you this
information.
4.3
Exercise continues:
12.
Press Return to confirm the name; note how the system adds a /
prefix automatically to conform to PDMS naming conventions. Click
4-3
OK to create the Site element. Notice that the new element appears in
the Design Explorer as the current element.
13.
Repeat this process, using the appropriate options from the Create
menu, to create a Zone named TESTZONE, a Structure TESTSTRU, a
Framework TESTFRMW and a Subframework (Sub-Frame) TESTSBFR,
in that order.
Your Design Explorer should now look like this (only newly created
elements shown):
14.
Click on the menu option Display>Draw List and you will see that the
Structure element has been automatically added to it. We cover the
Draw List in more detail later.
In the next chapter, you will start to build up a design model by creating
some structural members.
4-4
5.1
Design-to-Catalogue Cross-Referencing
To ensure design consistency and conformity with company standards,
the basic definitions of all items which you may use in the structural
design are held in a Catalogue database. This holds definitions of all
available profiles and materials for structural columns/beams/bracing
etc., all standard types of joint, all auxiliary fittings, and so on. When you
add an item to your design model, you store the position, orientation etc.
for the item in the Design database, but you specify the physical
properties of the item by setting up a cross-reference (called a
Specification Reference or SpecRef) which points to an appropriate
entry in the Catalogue database.
5.2
All other aspects of its geometry are defined by setting specific design
attributes (in most cases these are set automatically by PDMS as you
manipulate the model graphically). Two of the most important
attributes are the Start Position (POSS) and the End Position
(POSE), since the positions of these points effectively determine the
length and orientation of the item. We will look in more detail at
these and some other attributes of Sections later.
5-1
RTOS
TOS
P-line (TOS)
Section
Profile
LTBS
RTBS
NAR
NAL
NA
LBTS
RBTS
NA = Neutral Axis
TOS = Top of Steel
BOS = Bottom of Steel
LTBS = Left Top Bottom of Steel
LBOS
BOS
RBOS
and so on
5.2.2 Nodes
PDMS uses the concept of Nodes to represent basic analytical points
within a structure. Nodes have two main functions:
5.3
5-2
Exercise continues:
Close the form by clicking the button. Note how the current
storage area settings are shown below the main tool bar, like this:
5-3
The current default profile, justification line, member line and joint
line (these terms will be explained later) are shown below the main
tool bar. If these have not yet been set (which will be the case here),
the data area will look like this:
5-4
5.4
Column 1
Column 3
9000
Column 4
9000
5000
4000
5000
5000
7000
Origin
Select Create>Sections>Straight.
You will see both a Section form and a Positioning Control toolbar,
which together control how the start and end points of sections are
5-5
Click the
button, which tells the system that you want to define
a position by entering explicit coordinates (this is the only practical
option at this stage). You will see a Define section start form. We want
to position the start of the first column at the site origin, so leave the
East/North/Up coordinates at the default position (E0, N0, U0), like
this:
5-6
Note: The default entry wrt World, meaning with respect to the
World, defines the coordinate system within which the
position is specified.
Click OK. The Start position will be shown in the centre of the 3D
View.
Rather than specifying all three coordinates for the Sections end
position explicitly, we will define its position relative to the Sections
start.
Click the
button. You will now see a Define section end form in a
format which lets you enter the required data. We want to create a
vertical column 5000mm high, so enter the Direction as U and the
Distance as 5000, thus:
Click OK, then click the Accept button on the Section form to
confirm the creation of the Section. Check the Design Explorer: the
Section will appear as SCTN 1. The Section will also be added to the
Draw List, and will appear (as a very small rectangle) in the centre of
the 3D View.
19.
5-7
Your Design Explorer should now show four Sections (SCTN 1-4), like
this:
Note that each newly created Section is placed before the current list
position, so that SCTN 1 in the list was the last Section created
(corresponding to Column 1 in the diagram).
5.5
5-8
20.
The Draw List will contain the four Sections we have just created, as
well as the owning Structure element. Notice how there is a ticked
box adjacent to each element. We want to see all of our current
design; to do this, simply click on the
(Walk to Draw List)
button on the View Manipulation toolbar on the left-hand side of
the main Design window. All four Sections will appear within the 3D
View window in cross section, as we are looking down on them.
Notice how the view is automatically scaled so that all four Sections
fit neatly within it.
21.
5-9
Notice that the status line shows the viewing direction. See section
5.5.2 for the meaning of ROTATE on the status line.
Observe the effect of selecting different view directions (Look, Plan
and Isometric from the right-hand mouse button. Revert to
Isometric>Iso 3 when you have finished.
23.
The current manipulation mode is shown in the status line at the bottom
of the 3D View window (it is set to ROTATE in the preceding illustration).
5-10
To change the view manipulation mode, look at the Middle Button Drag
options on the 3D View shortcut menu. By pressing and holding down the
middle mouse button with the pointer within the 3D View, the view can
manipulated in the selected way simply by moving the mouse. The
options of interest are Zoom Rectangle, Zoom In/Out, Pan and Rotate.
Alternatively, you can change the manipulation mode by pressing one of
the function keys, or by using the View Manipulation tool bar buttons,
thus:
F2 or
F3 or
F5 or
(Try these selection options and observe the effect on the Middle Button
Drag shortcut menu; a tick appears against the selected option.)
Exercise continues:
24.
Select
25.
Position the cursor in the view area and hold down the middle mouse
button, then move the mouse slowly from side to side while watching
the effect on the displayed model.
The initial direction of movement determines how the view appears
to rotate; starting with a left or right movement causes the observers
eye-point to move across the view.
26.
Now release the mouse button, hold it down again and move the
mouse away from you and towards you; this time the observers eyepoint appears to rotate up and down around the model.
27.
Repeat the rotation operations while holding down the Control key.
Note that the word Fast appears in the status line and that the rate
of rotation is increased.
28.
Repeat the rotation operations, but this time hold down the Shift key.
Note that the word Slow appears in the status line and that the rate
of rotation is decreased.
For an alternative way of rotating the model, try dragging the
horizontal and vertical sliders to new positions along the view
borders. You can rotate the model in this way at any time, regardless
of the current manipulation mode.
29.
Select
5-11
30.
Position the cursor in the view area and hold down the middle mouse
button, then move the mouse slowly in all directions.
Note that it is the observers eye-point which follows the mouse
movement (while the viewing direction remains unchanged), so that
the displayed model appears to move in the opposite direction to the
mouse; in effect, you move the mouse towards that part of the view
which you want to see.
31.
Repeat the pan operations while holding down first the Control key (to
increase the panning speed) and then the Shift key (to decrease the
panning speed).
32.
Select
33.
Position the cursor in the view area and hold down the middle mouse
button, then move the mouse slowly up and down.
Moving the mouse away from you (up) zooms in, effectively
magnifying the view; moving the mouse towards you (down) zooms
out, effectively reducing the view. Note that these operations work by
changing the viewing angle (like changing the focal length of a
camera lens); they do not change the observers eye-point or the view
direction.
34.
Repeat the zoom operations while holding down first the Control key
and then the Shift key.
35.
Position the pointer near the centre of Column 1 and click (do not
hold down) the middle mouse button. Notice how the view changes so
that the picked point is now at the centre of the view. Whenever you
click the middle button, whatever the current manipulation mode,
you reset the centre of interest. Switch to Zoom mode (if not already
selected), set the centre of interest to the top of Column 2, then zoom
in for a close-up view of the top of the column. You will find this a
very useful technique when making small adjustments to the design:
we shall use it later to see the effect of realigning sections where they
are connected at a joint.
36.
37.
Finally, observe the effect of clearing some of the ticked check boxes
and changing the colours and translucency of the elements using the
controls in the Draw List.
5-12
Notice that the pick mode prompt at the top of the 3D View says
Navigate : (there is another mode, Modify : - see the online help for
details of this Model Editor mode. Position the pointer over each
Structural Design Using VANTAGE PDMS
Version 11.6SP1
column in turn and click the left-hand mouse button. Notice how this
navigates to the picked element, which is highlighted in a different
colour in the 3D View and becomes the current element in the Design
Explorer. Compare the identifier of each SCTN element in the Design
Explorer with its designation in the labelled view shown in Step 22;
SCTN 1 should correspond to Column 1, and so on.
5.6
We will use several of the available facilities in the rest of the exercise.
5-13
5.7
Column 2
Column 3
(9000)
(9000)
Beam 2
Beam 4
Beam 3
Column 4
Column 1
(5000)
U
(4000)
E
N
5-14
39.
40.
you will use to identify positions by picking them with the pointer in
the graphical view.
Set the String Method to Single, since we will begin by
specifying the start and end points independently for each section.
Select the Secondary Nodes check box so that secondary nodes
and joints will be created automatically at all connections between
sections. Select the Confirm check box to begin with and clear it
Off later when you feel it is no longer necessary. Note that the
Secondary Joint (SJOI) element forms the basis of the analytical
model
Rather than enter explicit coordinates, we will define the Start
Position as a point on one of our existing columns (namely the top of
Column 3) which we will pick using the pointer.
On the Positioning Control toolbar, set the Pick Type option (lefthand drop-down list; see tool tip) to Element. This means that you
are going to pick sections themselves, rather than individual plines,
for identifying positions within the design model.
The Pick Method setting (right-hand drop-down list) specifies how
you want your pointer picks to be interpreted as positions
(remember, we are now using event-driven graphics mode). Set this
to Snap, meaning that you want to snap to the position of the nearest
Start or End of a picked section; this option will remain in force until
you change it.
The settings will look like this:
Notice that the pick mode prompt above the graphical view shows the
current event as Define section start (Snap). Pick a point
anywhere in the upper half of Column 3. Note that the word Start
appears in the view to mark the specified start point and that the
snap action has placed this at the upper end of the column.
41.
The pick mode prompt will have changed to Define section end
(Snap). Pick a point anywhere in the upper half of Column 2 to
define the End Position of the new beam. Note how the proposed
route of the new beam is shown in the 3D View. Click the Accept
button on the Section form to confirm the section creation. Beam 1
will be shown with its start connected to the top of Column 3 and its
end connected to the top of Column 2.
5-15
NA of Beam
Node
TOS of Beam
Exercise continues:
42.
Select the Use as default profile check box, so that the next
beams which you create will be aligned correctly without further
adjustment. Apply the change and the beam should move down to
the correct position.
Notice that the default specification has changed, thus:
43.
We will now create Beam 2, with its Start Position at the top of
Column 4, running horizontally to connect part-way up Column 3.
Reset the view, if necessary, to show all sections so far created.
Return to event-driven graphics mode by Dismissing the Section
form and selecting Create>Sections>Straight again, ready to position
the start of the next Section (check the pick mode prompt again).
Position the Start for Beam 2 at the top of Column 4.
To pick the End Position, we will use the snap facility with a
specified offset distance along the picked Section. From the
Positioning Control toolbars Pick Method list, select Distance and,
in the adjacent Method Value field, enter 5000 (i.e. the height of
Column 4):
The pick mode prompt should now say Pick section end
(Distance [5000]). Pick anywhere in the lower half of Column 3.
The End Position is calculated by snapping to the bottom of the
column and then moving up (i.e., towards the pointer) by 5000 mm.
Accept the Section on the Section form.
44.
45.
5-17
Lock On
Notice how the Up coordinate is greyed out to show that you cannot
change it.
You can now pick any part of Column 3 to specify the beams End
Position, since the elevation of the snap point will be ignored in
favour of the constraint that the End Position must be at the same
elevation as the Start Position; only the East and North coordinates
of the pick are used. OK the Define section end form, then click
Reject on the Section form to cancel the creation.
Method 2
The Start Position will still be shown at the top of Column 1.
The
and
buttons on the Section form both let you create a
section which is perpendicular to another section. We will constrain
the new beams End Direction to be perpendicular to Column 3.
, then pick Column 3. The derived
Click the Perpendicular to button
End Position will be the same as for Method 1. This time Accept the
section creation.
46.
When you have created the three beams, dismiss the section creation
forms. (Note that clicking Dismiss on the Section form also removes
the Positioning Control toolbar and returns the pick mode prompt to
Navigate.)
Zoom in close to the beam which you created last and notice how it
passes straight through Column 2. We will now split this beam into
two separate sections to form Beam 3 and Beam 4.
47.
5-18
Column 2
Column 3
Beam 2
Beam 4
Beam 3
Column 4
Column 1
U
5-19
If you look at the Design Explorer, you will see that each column (SCTN)
element now owns one or more Secondary Nodes (SNODs; marked in
the above diagram) at the locations of the ends of the beams. Each
Secondary Node owns one or two Secondary Joints (SJOIs) with
connection references to the attached beams. This provides the logical
connectivity between the sections.
5.8
Exercise continues:
5-20
48.
49.
50.
5.9
5-21
Existing Subframe
U
Origin
N
E
6000
6000
6000
As explained in the preceding part of this exercise, we shall copy the list
containing all members of the Sub-Frame rather than the Sub-Frame
itself.
Exercise continues:
51.
52.
Set the Object to be copied to List; since only one list exists, its
name (TESTLIST) will be shown without further selection.
Set the to option to Rel. (Relative). This will create the new
element copies in the same part of the database hierarchy as the
original elements; that is, as members of the Sub-Frame.
53.
54.
Note that the Offset must be specified in terms of the local X,Y,Z
coordinates of the geometric primitives making up the structural
items, rather than the E,N,U coordinates used to position items
within the overall design model. In our case, by default, X=E, Y=N
and Z=U. Note that the axes are shown automatically in the
displayed 3D View as a guide.
Set the X Offset to 6000, leaving Y and Z set to 0.
The form settings should now look like this:
5-22
55.
Click Apply to create the three offset copies and, when prompted,
confirm that you want to retain the copies (assuming that they look
correct in the graphical view). Dismiss the Copy with Offset form
when you have finished.
56.
Click
and select Isometric>Iso3 from the 3D View shortcut menu so
that you can see the whole of the current design.
57.
Study the Design Explorer to see what elements have now been
created and where they fit into the hierarchy. Note that the SubFrame now owns 32 Sections, comprising 16 columns and 16 beams,
together with all of the necessary Secondary Nodes and Joints
needed to define their interconnections.
5-23
Origin
E
58.
59.
Next, we will create the three beams directly to the north of those
which you have just created (shown cross-hatched on the diagram).
We will do this in a sequence of operations in which the start of each
section (after the first) will be situated automatically at the end of
the preceding section.
Set the String Method to Continuous on the Section form to
begin creating a chained configuration of sections. By default, the
start of the next section is assumed to be at the end of the previous
section (as shown in the 3D View); click the Redefine Start button
to override this.
On the Positioning Control toolbar, set Pick Method to Intersect
to show that you will identify positions at the intersection points of
pairs of existing sections. To create the first beam, pick first Column
3 and then Beam 2 (whose intersection is at the Start Position of the
first required beam, labelled A in the diagram), then use the same
method to pick the intersection which identifies the end of this beam
(B in the diagram). If Confirm is selected, click Accept to create the
beam (otherwise your next picks will simply redefine the end of this
section). It is important to stress the behaviour of not picking the
attached member first as the sequence of picking the intersections
5-24
62.
To save your current screen layout and display settings, so that next
time you use the application you can rapidly restart from where you
interrupted your design session, select Display> Save>Forms & Display
from the main menu bar.
63.
5-25
5-26
Exercise continues:
64.
Restart PDMS and enter the Design module, loading the applications
from macro files, as explained in Step 8. Notice how the Project,
Username and MDB have been remembered from your last session, so
that you do not need to enter them again: you do, however, need to
enter your Password for every session. Enter the Beams & Columns
application, as in Step 11. (We will see later how to restore the screen
layout which you saved earlier.)
65.
66.
67.
6-1
68.
To initiate the use of any available method, you click on it in the list.
In this case, select Regular Structure, then Dismiss the form.
You will see a Regular Structure form which gives you complete
control of the whole design process. In the following steps, we will
look at this form in three distinct parts.
69.
The areas labelled Column Data and Beam Data let you set the
storage areas, profile specifications and justification p-lines
independently for the two types of section. Set these as follows
(replacing /REGSBFR by whatever name you gave the Subframework
in Step 65):
Note
6-2
70.
The Grid Origin area lets you define how your structure is to be
positioned spatially. Enter the following settings:
The Datum setting defines the element whose reference axes will
determine the origin and orientation of the structure.
The Underside of Base-Plate setting lets you set the lowest
point of your structure (underside of baseplate) relative to the datum
axes. This lets you define the elevations of the structural members
relative to a plane which does not correspond to the base of the
overall structure. We have set this to 1000, so that the bottoms of the
columns will be truncated at an elevation of 1000 mm. (We will see
the effect of this when we view the completed model.)
71.
The East Spacings and North Spacings lists specify the relative
spacing between adjacent columns in the given directions. The
Elevation list specifies the absolute elevations of the beams
representing the floor levels. Type in the following values:
Select the Trim sections to Plines check box, so that the beams
will have their lengths calculated to fit between the columns to which
they are connected.
73.
With view limits set for zone and view direction set to Iso 3, click the
Preview button to display a stick representation of the specified
structure. It should have the following configuration:
6-3
5000
3000 1000
5000
5000
3000
3000
5000
3000
Shaded area is
datum plane
Z/U
Y/N
X/E
Origin
*
*
*
6-4
76.
6-5
77.
You will notice that the secondary nodes which were at the tops of
the deleted columns are still present, even though they no longer
serve any useful purpose. To delete these, navigate to the Sub-frame
and select Delete>Tidy Nodes. You will see a Tidy Nodes form telling
you that 8 redundant nodes have been identified. Select the Mark
Nodes for Deletion check box to tag these nodes in the
graphical view, then click OK to delete them.
78.
79.
6-6
7.1
Exercise continues:
80.
7.2
7-1
reference to the currently defined Pline Rule. If this rule has not been set
up properly, the geometry at the point of connection may be
inappropriate. For example, in plan view, the connection between a
column and an incoming beam may look like this:
or
or
To correct this, you can trim the length of the incoming section to an
explicitly picked pline of the owning section. Before we develop our model
further, we will correct any errors of this type which might currently
exist (otherwise we could have problems connecting our bracing
correctly).
Exercise continues:
81.
7-2
Hint: you will need to make full use of the graphical manipulation
facilities detailed in section 5.5.2, in particular it is advisable
to zoom in close to the joint of interest. Also, it is advisable
switch to wireline display mode by selecting
View>Settings>Shaded or by hitting F8 (this toggles between
wireline and shaded display modes).
Repeat this sequence, alternately picking section ends and plines,
until all errors have been corrected. Note that, if you are confident
that you have made the correct selections, you can pick any number
of section/pline pairs before pressing Esc.
82.
Click the Include button to add the new rule into the list. The result
is as follows:
7-3
Click OK. Select the Extremities rule on the Pline Filters tab of the
Snap Settings form to make this the current rule. Click OK and close
the Picking Control form.
Note: A full explanation of the ways in which pline rules are set
and applied is beyond the scope of this introductory guide.
Suffice it to say that the rule we have set here may be
interpreted as Select a pline which has any of the PKEY
settings specified in the list. (See Appendix C for diagrams
showing how these plines are positioned for typical steelwork
profiles.)
7.3
7-4
U
N
83.
84.
7-5
before the beam when defining each end, otherwise the bracing gap
trimming facility will not work correctly. Do not worry if the vertical
alignment of the bracing member ends looks wrong at this stage; we
will correct this in the next step.
Accept the beam, then Dismiss the Section form.
85.
Check that the bracing member is the current element and select
Modify>Bracing Gap. You will see a Brace Gaps form listing the
different ways of specifying the required gap. Ignore the Default
Gap setting and select Distance on picked Pline from a
fixed point, noting how the diagram on the form is updated to
show the relevant dimensions and picking sequence. Click Apply;
you will see a Brace Gap(s) form. Select the Confirm check box, but
do not enter the Gap A data yet.
86.
You are now in event-driven graphics mode, ready to pick the plines
from which the bracing gap is to be calculated. We will first position
the lower end of the bracing member (currently at A1 in the
preceding diagram). Using the diagram on the Brace Gaps form as a
guide, pick plines in the following order:
7-6
1. Pline on lower
fof bracing member
Bracing Member
Column A
Gap (to be set to 150mm)
Beam 1
When you have picked the third pline, the calculated distance for the
current position will be shown in the graphical view and will also be
inserted into the Gap A text-box on the Brace Gap(s) form. The
Accept/Reject buttons are now active. Note that the displayed
distance is measured downwards (because of the way the plines
currently intersect), whereas we want to move the bracing section
upwards. To achieve this, change the Gap A data to -150, check
that the new position shown in the graphical view is as required,
then click Accept to move the section end.
87.
88.
Before we create the next bracing members, try this facility for
checking whether or not the ends of a section are connected. With the
bracing member as your current element, select Utilities>Beams &
Columns. From the menu bar of the small form which results, pick
Tag>All ends. The ends of the current section should both be tagged
as Connected. (We will see another way of checking connectivity
later.)
Rather than create and position the other two bracing members B4-C3
and C5-D6 by repeating the preceding sequence of operations, we shall
use a short-cut by copying the existing A1-B2 section. We will reposition
each copy by defining it as a mirror image of its original reflected in an
appropriate plane.
7-7
Exercise continues:
89.
90.
Assuming that you are still at the bracing member, set the Object to
be copied to CE and set the to option to Rel. Set the Type of
mirror option to Mirror Copy (since we want to create a new
element rather than simply reposition the original one).
91.
Existing member
Copied member
U
E
7-8
Note: If you want to enter the Plane Direction before you pick
the position, select the Lock check box to l to prevent its
setting being updated when you pick the position.
The form settings should now look like this (the Up coordinate will be
9000 rather than 0 if you picked near the top of Column B rather
than near the bottom):
92.
93.
Using the same procedure, create the third bracing member (C5-D6)
by copying and reflecting the second member (B4-C3).
94.
The two copies which you have just created should be positioned
correctly, but will not yet be connected. To check this, instead of
using the Tag utility for each new bracing member as in Step 88,
select Query>End Connections. The resulting Highlight Connections
form lets you see the connectivity status of all relevant members of
the current element. Navigate to the SubFrame TESTSBFR and click
the CE button on the Highlight Connections form to update the
displayed data. The numbers on the coloured buttons show the
number of sections in each category: they should show 40 sections
with both ends connected and 16 sections with neither end connected.
Select the corresponding Highlight check boxes to colour the
sections in the 3D View; click on a coloured button if you would prefer
a different highlight colour.
7-9
Note: You might think that the upper ends of the columns should
be shown as connected. However, the beams at those points
are connected (via Secondary Joints) to Secondary Nodes
positioned along the columns, rather than to Primary Nodes
at the column extremities. Therefore, even though the
Secondary Nodes in this case happen to be coincident with
the tops of the columns, the diagnoses are correct.
95.
7.4
U
N
E
Exercise continues:
96.
7-10
This form does not use the default settings for section data, so first
set the following:
Hint: Use the same methods for entering this data as in Step 69.
Storage area to the Subframe /TESTSBFR;
Profile to British Standard, Equal Angle, 70x70x6.0;
Justification to NAL (Neutral Axis Left: this will align the angle
sections back-to-back; see diagram in Appendix D);
Member Line and Joint Line to NA.
Leave the Bracing Plane option set to Derived by Section so
that the bracing members will lie in the same plane as the sections to
which they will be attached.
97.
Gap B
Pick 2
Pick 1
Gap A
Click Apply; you will see a Cross Bracing form. Set Gap A to 150 and
Gap B to 300. Select Confirm.
You are now in event-driven graphics mode. Using the diagram on
the Bracing form as a guide, pick the two columns between which the
bracing members are to be connected. To achieve the required
configuration, make sure that your first pick is near the bottom of the
first column and that your second pick is just below the cross beam
on the second column; that is, pick reasonably close to the required
connection points for the bracing members.
When you are satisfied with the configuration shown in the graphical
view, accept the creation of the sections forming the bracing members
and then dismiss the Bracing form.
98.
7-11
7.5
Representing Joints
Although each connection has created a corresponding Secondary Joint
element in the Design database (shown in the Design Explorer as SJOIs,
owned by SNODs), these do not yet have any geometry associated with
them and are not therefore shown in the graphical view. In order to
represent them properly, we must associate a catalogue specification
with each joint (in the same way that each section profile is defined by an
associated catalogue specification).
Joints have a number of attributes whose settings allow you to position
and orientate them and to modify the ends of sections connected to them.
We will look at the most important of these attributes here, so that we
can represent some simple joints in our design model. The key to success
lies in the optimum design of the joint as defined in the catalogue, which
is a specialised field beyond the scope of this user guide.
The following topics illustrate the main features (do not try to remember
them all now; refer back here when necessary):
7-12
NA
Origin
TOS
Owning Section
(2D view only)
NA
SNode
BOS
ZDIST defines position of SNode relative to POSS of Section
NA
TOS
TOS
SNode
BANG of Section
POSS
NA
BANG of Joint
Attached
Section
BOS
OPDI of Joint
JLIN of Joint set to BOS of Attached Section
JLIN of Attached Section set to NA of Joint
POSL of Joint set to TOS of Owning Section
Logical Connectivity:
JOIS of Attached Section points to Joint
CREF of Joint points to Attached Section
CTYA of Joint must match CTYS of Attached Section (for connection compatibility)
7-13
Note how the origin plane of the Joint is set with reference to the Owning
Section (via the POSL attribute), while its position within the constraints
of that plane is set with reference to the Attached Section (by aligning the
plines defined by the JLINs of both Joint and Section). That is, with
reference to the orientation of the diagram, the Joint is moved
horizontally by changing its POSL and vertically by changing its JLIN.
Both the Section and the Joint can be rotated independently by changing
their BANGs (the Section rotates about its NA, the Joint about its
OPDI).
How the Section end configuration depends on the Joint to which it is
attached:
(using a wedge-shaped Joint to demonstrate the principles)
Owning
Section
NA
POSS offset along NA by Cutback (CUTB) of Joint
SNode
POSS
NA
Attached
Section
Exercise continues:
For the purpose of this exercise, we will add some simple bolted flanges
where the beams are attached to the columns. Remember that the joint
elements (SJOIs in the Design Explorer) already exist as a result of
connecting the sections together; we need only set a pointer to the joint
specification in the catalogue to define each joints geometry.
7-14
99.
100.
The method for selecting from the available joint specifications is the
same as that which you used to select section profiles. Select Column
102.
Section end
used to
identify joint
The position of the joint relative to the profile of the column (i.e. its
owning section) is determined by the joints position line. To see the
effect of changing this, select Modify>Joints>Position Line. The
Position Line form will show the current setting as either BOS or TOS
(depending at which end of the beam the joint is situated). Change
7-15
this to the opposite setting (i.e. TOS or BOS), select the Re-trim
attached section check box, and click Apply. The joint and its
attached section end will move thus:
Section end
used to
identify joint
(view rotated)
104.
Reposition the joint correctly, then Dismiss the Position Line and
105.
Rather than set each joint specification explicitly, we can apply the
specification for one joint to other joints. We will use this facility to
specify the joint at the other end of the beam which we have just
been looking at. To do so, select Modify>Joints>Joint Like>Maintain
Pline. When prompted to Identify end of section to be
copied like, pick the same section end as in Step 99 (i.e. the end
shown in the preceding diagram). When prompted to Identify
section end to be modified, pick the other end of the same
beam. Press Escape for both of the next prompts (we are only
modifying one joint in this step). Zoom in close to the second joint and
notice how its geometry matches that of the first joint. The position
line settings for the two joints are, however, set automatically to
opposite flanges of the column (TOS for one, BOS for the other), to
give the correct alignment.
Note: If the joints were handed, such as a shelf angle, you would
also see that the second joint has been rotated automatically
about its vertical axis to match the start/end directions of the
section. This is not apparent for the endplate, but if you
select Query>Attributes you will be able to see which
attributes differ between the two joints.
106.
7-16
Using the same method as in Step 105, set the specifications for some
of the other column flange joints.
7.6
7.7
7-17
*
*
* *
*
*
*
Note
realignment of
bracing
member
U
E
Exercise continues:
107.
7-18
108.
Use the Utilities>Lists facility to create a new list and use the
Add>Identified option to add into it the four columns to be moved
(shown black in the preceding diagram).
109.
U
N
E
111.
7-19
7-20
8.1
Exercise continues:
112.
button.
The main menu bar and tool bar will change, although the
differences may not be obvious at a first glance. They will now look
like this:
Look at each pull-down menu in turn; you will see that the options in
the upper parts of the menus are common to the equivalent Beams &
8-1
8.2
Panel thickness =
HEIG of PLOO
8-2
8.3
Exercise continues:
113.
8.4
8-3
Exercise continues:
114.
V1
V4
V2
V3
U
N
(The broken lines A-A and B-B show where we will later split the
panel into three.)
The Create Methods buttons give you several ways to define each
vertex. The methods we will use are:
lets you pick a point graphically using any of the
standard pointer picking options
lets you specify a distance and direction relative to the
preceding vertex
(See the online help for a description of all the icons.)
8-4
Click the
button. The Positioning Control form will show that you
are now in event-driven graphics mode, ready to pick the position of
the first vertex. Set Pick Type to Element and set Pick Method to
Intersect. Now pick the column and either of the beams whose
intersection coincides with V1 in the preceding diagram. The text
below the icon buttons on the Create Panel form will change from No
vertices currently defined to 1 Vertices defined (no
Panel created).
Note: The first vertex defined for a new panel becomes the panels
origin (as displayed) by default. You can change this later if
required.
116.
117.
118.
8.5
8-5
Exercise continues:
119.
120.
8.6
Splitting a Panel
We will now split our new panel along the axes of the intermediate
beams which support it (shown by the broken lines A-A and B-B in the
diagram at Step 115), thus forming three smaller panels.
121.
122.
(Note that you can only split a panel along the axis of an existing
element. To introduce a split line anywhere else, simply create a section
8-6
where you want the split to occur, split the panel, then delete the
section.)
8.7
Exercise continues:
123.
8-7
The upper part of the form shows that the current focus is on Vertex
1, while the lower part shows the coordinates and fillet radius of this
vertex, thus:
Navigate to vertex
by picking
Step through
vertices
V2
V3
V7
L
V6
V1
V4
V8
V5
Y
V1
V4
Origin
at V1
New vertices
to be inserted
We will insert four new vertices between V4 and V1, as shown in the
inset view, so that this panel edge fits round the column (note that
V4 comes before V1 when defining this edge, since vertex numbering
is clockwise as viewed in the diagram).
124.
8-8
If you know the number of the vertex you want, you can type it
directly in the Vertex number field. Do not forget, though, that the
numbering may change as you edit the list; it is usually safer to pick
a vertex graphically.
125.
126.
Position the next vertex, V6, at the intersection of the corner of the
column with the panel. To do so, click the button again, set the
Positioning Control to Pline Snap, and pick the column pline
which passes through the required point (RBOS or LBOS; see
diagram in Section 5.2.1). If you cannot pick the pline you want,
select Settings>Pick Filters>Plines from the main menu bar and reset
the current filtering rule to No Rule (it is probably still set to
Extremities, as in Step 83). Dont forget to click Create when you
have positioned the vertex.
127.
128.
To change from create mode to modify mode, click the button and
pick V5. Note how its current settings are copied into the Vertex
area at the bottom of the form (X, Y and Radius text-boxes). To
introduce a 10mm clearance, change the setting in the X box by
adding 10 (the axes, shown at the panels origin, are useful here for
checking directions in the panels coordinate system). Click the
Modify button to confirm the new setting.
129.
8-9
130.
Pick V6 and change the Radius setting from the default of zero to 15
mm. Update the V6 data to the new setting, then repeat the process
for V7.
The final result will be as follows:
V7
V6
PANEL
V8
V5
(Set the view to Look>Down and zoom in to see this in detail. You
might find it easier to see the detail if you switch to wireline mode.)
8.8
V6
PANEL
RTOS
Move edge
Move edge
TOS
V1
8-10
V8
V5
V4
LTOS
Exercise continues:
131.
Still using the Loop Vertex Editor form, click the select edge to
modify button in the Mode Selection area and then pick a
point on the panel near the edge between V4 and V5.
Notice how the upper part of the form now shows the current focus
as Edge 4, while the lower part shows the coordinates of the Start of
the edge (i.e. V4) and the length of the edge, thus:
Navigate to
edge by
Step through
edges
Notice also that the controls in the Line area are now active (they
were previously greyed out). These are examples of how the form
changes to suit current circumstances, as mentioned in Step 124.
132.
Set the Positioning Control to Pline Snap, pick the LTOS pline
on the top outer edge of the beam and then click the Modify button
to move the panel edge to this position.
133.
Select Settings>Tag edges from Loop Vertex Editor menu. Repeat the
method of Steps 132 and 133 to move Edge 8 (V8-V1) to the outer
edge of its supporting beam.
134.
Use the same process to move the non-abutting edges of all three
panels to the outer edges of their supporting beams (but do not
modify any more edges to fit round columns yet; we will look at other
ways of doing this later).
8-11
8.9
V4
PANEL
NEGATIVE
EXTRUSION
Panel V3
V2
Panel V2
V1
8-12
Exercise continues:
135.
136.
To see the negative extrusion volume in the graphical view when you
create it, select Settings>Graphics>Representation and clear the
Holes Drawn check box (we selected this in Step 103; we will see the
effect of this setting in more detail shortly). Select the Update all
Graphics check box and OK the change.
137.
138.
Using any combination of the methods which you used to create and
modify panel vertices (Sections 8.4 and 8.7), create the four vertices
needed to define the required hole round the column, as shown in the
preceding diagram. For ease of positioning, align V1 and V2 with the
outer face of the column (although any position beyond the panel
edge would be satisfactory). Introduce a clearance of 10 mm round
the column and set the radii of the two vertices within the panel area
to 15 mm.
8-13
Note that the origin plane of the negative extrusion is its bottom face,
as shown by the positions of the graphical aids when you are creating
and modifying its vertices.
139.
Look>West:
Look>North:
Negative
extrusion
Negative
extrusion
V2
V1
Panel
V3
V2
(If not, use the Position>Relatively (BY) menu option to move the
negative extrusion vertically to a position where it cuts both faces of
the panel.)
140.
Note the effects of the Holes Drawn setting on the Representation form:
When Holes Drawn is On, negative volumes are not shown explicitly
in the graphical view and cannot be picked using the pointer
(although you can still navigate to them using the Design Explorer as
normal). Only their effect on positive volumes through which they
pass is visible. Use this mode for normal design work to view a
realistic 3D representation of the design model.
9.1
Positive volume
representing lid
Negative volume
representing hole
through panel
Origin Plane
determines justification
relative to panel
Origin
9-1
9.2
Exercise continues:
141.
Navigate to the panel in which you want to insert the manhole and
select Create>Fittings>Single. You will see a Create Panel Fitting form
giving access to all available panel fitting specifications in the
current catalogue. Because we are creating a new panel fitting,
rather than modifying the specification of an existing one, the form is
set to show New Panel Fitting as the current element.
Select the Specification for Standard Access, Access Cover,
Standard Manhole Access, ACCESS_COVER (probably the only
item in the list).
Set the Justification to Top outwards. These options let you
specify the panel plane (top, centre or bottom) to be used as the
alignment datum and the orientation of the fitting relative to this
plane, like this:
Centre
outwards
Top
outwards
Top
inwards
9-2
Bottom
inwards
Centre
inwards
Bottom
outwards
142.
143.
144.
Note: Sections can also own Fittings (FITTs rather than PFITs in
this case) which can serve a similarly wide range of purposes.
We will not look explicitly at these in the exercise, but similar
principles apply to their creation and manipulation. You may
want to experiment with these yourself by switching to the
Beams & Columns application; see section B.5 for some
examples. Note that such a fitting is positioned along its
owning section by setting its distance from the sections start
(the Zdistance).
More complex fittings may be represented by Compound
Fittings, each of which can own a set of Subfittings. You will
see an example of how these may be used when we look at
Penetrations in the next chapter.
9-3
9-4
10
When you create a panel penetration, the application sets up crossreferences between the ATTA or FITT and the CMPF/SBFI, like this:
10-1
FITT owned
by Section
ATTA owned
by Branch
Branch
Panel
SBFI
by CMPF;
CMPF
by panel
Section
Panel
SBFI
by CMPF;
CMPF
by panel
(These diagrams show only single penetrations, where each CMPF owns
just one SBFI. For a multiple penetration, each CMPF would own one
SBFI for each penetrating pipe or section.)
For your present purposes, you will consider only the case of a structural
section passing through a panel, so you will be concerned with specifying
a FITT and a SBFI for each penetration.
Vertices
fitted round
column
PANEL 1
PANEL 2
PANEL 3
Negative
extrusion
Penetration
to go here
N
U
E
10-2
Exercise continues:
128.
129.
130.
How you want to identify the section(s) which are to pass through
the penetration (the penetrating items).
10-3
131.
You will now see a Penetration Item List form; this is displayed
automatically so that you can complete the specification of the
penetration elements. It shows all data settings relevant to the
penetrating item (FITT) and the penetrated item (or hole; SBFI).
The upper scrollable list acts as a specific Design Explorer for the
rapid selection of, and navigation to, elements relevant to
penetrations. It displays the penetrating and penetrated items in a
hierarchic (indented) format. Leave the Show option set to Items.
The List option controls how the hierarchy is sorted. Since your
penetration is owned by the section rather than by the panel, the
options work as follows: Penetrating Items - Owner lists all
FITTs for each section; Penetrating Items - Attached lists all
FITTs for each panel (grouped by CMPF), thus:
10-4
132.
You have only one FITT which you can modify, so select this in the
upper list. Its relevant attribute settings appear as follows:
You want to set the specification, so select SpecRef in this list (the >
symbol shows that this is an editable entry). You will see a Modify
Fitting form.
From the list of fitting specifications displayed, select Steel
Sections, Steel Sections, Rectangular, PENI/RECT. Set the
Justification to NAL or NAR (it does not matter which). The
Zdist(ance), which determines the position of the fitting along its
owning section, is set automatically from the calculated penetration
coordinates; leave this value as it appears. Leave the Beta Angle
(which determines the orientation of the fitting about the section) at
the default value of 0.
Click the Properties... button. The resulting Modify Properties
form lets you set the local geometry for the fitting (similar to the way
in which you specified joint details in Step 102). Set the XClearance and Y-Clearance to 20 so that the fitting extends
beyond the section extremities by 20mm in each direction. Leave the
X-Offset and Y-Offset set to zero, so that the fitting is centred on
the sections neutral axis. OK these settings and Apply the Modify
Fitting form.
When you have finished setting the specification for the FITT,
Dismiss the Penetration Item List form and its associated forms.
133.
Having fully specified the part of the penetration which relates to the
penetrating section (the FITT), you must now do the same for the
part which relates to the penetrated panel (the CMPF and its SBFI).
Navigate to the panel and select Modify>Penetrations from the
Steelwork Penetration Application menu. The resulting Penetration
Display form lets you specify whether you want to modify penetrating
or penetrated items: select List Penetration Holes and click
Apply. You will see a Penetration List form. This is very similar to the
Penetration Item List form which you used in the preceding step,
except that the lists are now based on the CMPF and SBFI data
rather than the FITT data. The navigation lists now look like
10-5
Note that the middle list now shows Hole Information ready for
modification, while the lower list now shows Penetrating Item
data for the referenced FITT.
134.
Select the SBFI in the upper list. Before you modify the SBFIs
specification, you need to ensure that it is correctly aligned with the
FITT from which it is to derive some of its settings. To do this, select
Position>Align with ref. from the Steelwork Penetration Application
menu.
135.
Select SpecRef in the middle list to show the Modify Panel Fitting
form. Set the specification to Hole Penetrations, Hole
Penetrations, Rectangular, PENH/FITT/RECT2.
Click the Properties... button to display the Modify Properties
form for the dimensions of the hole. Although you could set Xlength
and Ylength explicitly to match those of the penetrating item, there
is an easier way of doing this by copying the data automatically from
the referenced item (namely the FITT). Leave all properties at their
default values of zero and OK/Apply the forms to set the SpecRef.
136.
10-6
137.
In the next part of the exercise, you will look at some ways of checking
the design model and outputting some design data derived from the
database settings.
10-7
10-8
11
11-1
These three classes are illustrated below for the clash specifications:
Touch limits:
Clearance limit:
8mm
If the items do not overlap but are separated by less than 2mm, a
touch is reported
If the items are separated by more than 2mm but less than 8mm,
a clearance is reported
11-2
138.
You will start by using the defaults for all clash checking settings. To
see what these are, select Settings>Clasher>Defaults to display the
Clash Defaults form. Think about the meaning of each setting shown
(refer to the preceding introduction; ignore the reference to Branch,
which relates to piping designs only); then Cancel the form.
139.
You will check the westernmost panel (PANEL 1) for clashes against
all other elements in the test framework. The default obstruction list
(all elements in the current design database) will include the regular
structure created in Chapter 6, so you must edit the list to remove
this. To do so, select Settings>Clasher>Obstruction>List. You will see
an Add/Remove Obstruction Items form. Remove All current entries
and then Add the framework /TESTFRMW.
140.
11-3
Note, in particular, that there are no clashes where the panel has
been modified to fit round the columns.
141.
142.
11-4
Where the output is to appear (on the screen or in a file ready for
printing).
Any headers and footers which are to appear at the top and bottom of
each page.
Once such a report has been designed, its specification can be saved for
future use in the form of a report template file. The ways in which you
define how a given report is to be generated and presented are beyond
the scope of this exercise, but you will look at the results of the process by
using a pre-prepared template which outputs a material take-off list for
each type of steel profile used in your design. (You will probably use your
companys standard templates for most reports anyway, in which case
this is the method you would normally use in practice.)
Exercise continues:
143.
11-5
To run the report defined by the chosen template, you must specify
two things (as determined by the rules within the template): where
the report is to appear, and what part of the database hierarchy is to
be read when extracting the required types of data. When you OK the
File Browser to specify the template, a Report Details form will appear
which lets you do this.
Leave the Filename text-box empty (which will send the report to
the screen automatically). In the Hierarchy text-box, enter
/TESTFRMW, since you want to list the material take-off for the whole
of the design model. Click OK to run the report.
145.
11-6
are beyond the scope of this introduction and you will use the default
levels throughout this exercise.)
In the same way that the geometry of a section profile, joint, fitting etc. is
specified by setting the design elements SpecRef attribute to refer to an
entry in a Catalogue database (as explained in Section 5.1), so its
material properties are specified by setting its Material Reference
(MatRef) attribute to refer to an appropriate entry in a Properties
database. It is the material density which is the significant property
used in the mass calculations.
In the next steps of the exercise, you will first specify the material for
each structural element in your design model and will then use this data
to derive some mass-related details.
Exercise continues:
146.
You will specify the same material for all structural items (sections,
joints, fittings, panels etc.), so first navigate to the subframework
TESTSBFR and then select Modify>Material from the main menu.
You will see a Set Material form listing all available material
specifications in the Properties database.
Leave the option set to CE and select the Cascade Material to
all offspring check box. (The latter will set the MatRef for all
elements below the current subframework to the selected material
automatically.)
From the Materials list, select GR275 (density 7850.00 Kg/M3) and
click Apply. The whole framework will be highlighted in the
graphical view to show that all design elements have been selected
for modification to the selected material. Confirm the change.
147.
148.
11-7
149.
Set the upper option to Pick, click Apply, and perform similar
calculations for individual items or groups of items which you pick
using the pointer. (Use Esc to terminate each picking sequence in the
usual way.)
In order for the drawing facilities to apply the correct rules for
representing structural items, you must set a design attribute which will
tell the drawing module how to interpret the design data. The attribute
used for this purpose is the Function attribute of the parent Zone.
150.
151.
11-8
You must next set up an administrative hierarchy to define how plots are
to be stored (in a real project this would probably have been done for you
already). The parts of the hierarchy with which you are concerned here
are as follows:
11-9
DEPARTMENT
(DEPT)
LIBRARY
(LIBY)
REGISTRY
(REGI)
DRAWING
(DRWG)
SHEET
(SHEE)
LIBRARY
(LIBY)
Standard symbols, annotations etc.
VIEW
Design database elements to be drawn
152.
Select the A4 drawing sheet size (note that this sets the Width
and Height automatically).
11-10
Name the Registry STRUCREGI and click OK. You will see a Registry
Information form. Click Attributes... to see a Registry Attributes
form. Note that all attribute settings for the Registry have been
copied from its owning Department (any individual attribute
cascaded in this way can be overwritten at a lower level if required).
Dismiss the Registry Attributes form.
154.
Select the Create Drawing check box and select Explicitly. Click
OK. You will see a Create DRWG form.
11-11
155.
Name the Drawing STRUCDRWG and click OK. You will see a Drawing
Definition form. Enter the Title as Structural View. Note that
the Date and Drawn By entries are derived automatically from your
system log-in data. Click Apply, then Dismiss.
The detailed design data, extracted directly from the Design database, is
applied to the sheet in the form of individual Views.
157.
Select Create>View>User-defined and OK the resulting form. A Userdefined View form will be displayed, and a default rectangle will be
added to the Main Display to show where the design data for this view
will be plotted.
You will plot a single view on the sheet, so you will first resize the
default view area to fill the available space. To do so, select
Frame>Size>Cursor from the User-Defined View menu and, when
prompted, pick points just inside the top-left and bottom-right
corners of the drawing area within the backing sheet layout.
On the User-defined View form, enter the Title as ISO3 View; set
the View Type to Global Hidden Line; and set the Direction to
ISO3 (select this using the options from the middle Direction
control).
The part(s) of the design model which are to be plotted are specified
by means of a drawlist. Select Graphics>Drawlist from the UserDefined View menu to display the Drawlist Management form. In the
Reference List Members list, navigate to the subframework
holding the design model (/TESTSBFR) and click the Add button to
add it to the drawlist. Dismiss the Drawlist Management form.
You must now set the drawing scale so that the plotted model
representation fits sensibly into the area available on the sheet. First
click the Auto Scale button on the User-Defined View form and
notice how the precisely calculated scale is displayed in the adjacent
text-box. To modify this to the nearest smaller standard scale, click
the Nearest button. The chosen standard scale will now be
displayed (e.g. 1/200). Click Apply to implement the new scale
calculation. The final settings will look something like this:
11-12
11-13
This is as far as you will go with Draft in this exercise, although the full
range of 2D drafting facilities available is extensive, allowing you to add
dimensioning and labelling data derived directly from the design model,
and to add any other specific 2D annotation which you require.
In the next, and final, chapter, you will look at some of the facilities
available for creating and modifying some nonlinear structural design
elements.
11-14
12
End POINSP
CURVE
PROFILE
CURVE
Sta rt POINSP
= SPINE
= POINSP
The Beams & Columns application menu provides options for creating
two versions of the GENSEC:
A ring section, restricted to an arc of a circle (up to a full circle),
comprising two Spine Points separated by a single Curve.
A more general curved section, comprising any number of Spine Points
and Curves.
12-1
ring section will be positioned near the ends of the topmost beam at the
western end of the structure, and it will be supported from below by two
straight sections, like this (only sections shown, not panels):
Looking Down:
End
Support
180
Ring
Section
Existing
diamond
bracing
Support
N
Start
E
Looking East:
Inset 100
End
End
Inset 100
Start
U
N
Existing
cross
bracing
Exercise continues:
12-2
158.
159.
To define the start of the ring section (prompt says Define ... first
point), set the Positioning Control to Pline, Distance 100 and pick
near the southern end of the NA pline of the beam (see figure at start
of this section. You will probably need to unset the pline picking rules
(Settings>Pick Filters>Plines) and zoom in very close to distinguish
between the plines.
To define the end (prompt says Define ... second point), use
the same procedure at the northern end of the same pline. The third
prompt says Define ... control point. The point you pick will
determine the plane in which the ring section lies (the plane through
all three points) and the direction in which the section curves
(depends on the position of the third point relative to the line joining
the first two points; or create an additional pline rule for NA only).
You want the ring section to lie in a horizontal plane and to curve
towards the west, so pick any point on the NAR pline of the beam.
(This has the same elevation as the NA pline and lies to its west.)
160.
You will now create two straight sections which run from the midpoint of the beam below the ring section, and which support the ring
section at points equispaced along its length (as shown in the
preceding diagram).
Select Create>Sections>Straight. Both sections will have the same
start point, so on the Section form set String Method to Radial.
Set the Positioning Control to Pline, Mid-Point and pick the BOS
pline of the beam.
To position the upper ends of the two supports, set the Positioning
Control to Element, Fraction 3 and pick the ring section twice,
about one third of its length from each end (not forgetting to Accept
each support), then Esc.
You may, if you wish, modify the angle sections to give more realistic
geometry at their ends, although the current configuration is
adequate for your present purpose.
12-3
161.
Escape the next prompt. The 3D View will show a circle, half of which
follows the ring section, as a construction aid. Notice that, although
you have only picked three points, the message 4 vertices
defined is shown. These vertices are positioned thus:
First pick
V4
V1
Third pick
fillet radius
fillet radius
V2
V3
Second pick
12-4
7
End
Start
Y
Grid
origin
X
12
20
= existing structure
= working grid (1000mm spacing)
= runway beam (curved section)
The upper face of the runway beam will, for convenience, be positioned
against the lower faces of the beams from which it is suspended. In
practice, you would probably want to interpose hangers or bolted flanges
to support the runway beam.
To make it easier to position the points and curves defining the
GENSECs spine, you will first create a horizontal working grid as a
working aid (as shown in the diagram).
Exercise continues:
163.
The default position of the planes centre and its orientation are
shown by the green dotted-line square in the 3D View. Leave the
12-5
On the Working Plane form, select the Active and Visible check
boxes (so that the grid will be both effective and visible in the
graphical view).
Select Working Grid Snap, which means that when you later pick
positions on the grid, the picked point will always snap to the grid
intersection nearest to the pointer position.
Select Control>Close from the Working Plane forms menu to complete
the operation.
166.
Notice that the Working Plane toggle at the left-hand side of the
Positioning Control form is now selected. This provides a way of
switching the working plane on or off without having to display the
Working Plane form each time. The red highlight on the toggle button
is intended as a reminder when the working plane is active, since you
12-6
To demonstrate how easily you can modify a curved section, you will
reroute part of the runway beam as follows:
7
End
Start
1
0
6
12
20
= original path
= modified path
12-7
Check that the new GENSEC is the current element and select
Modify>Sections>Definition. You will see a Modify Section (Curved)
form which lets you edit the position and/or radius for each
individual point/curve in the spine.
Set the first Spine Point option to Start and pick the new start
position at (X0, Y1). Click the Modify button to implement the
move.
Change the first Spine Point option to Curve and set the second
Spine Point option (up/down arrows) to 1. Move Curve 1 to (X4,
Y1), leaving its Radius set to 2000.
Note: The graphical aids show the position and radius of the
current and adjacent curves as you modify the spine shape.
The X and Y Attributes on the Modify Section (Curved) form
show the coordinates relative to the GENSECs origin (start),
not in terms of the working grid positions.
Move Curve 4 to (X8, Y1) and change its Radius to 3000.
Select Curve 5 and change the third Spine Point option from
Fillet to Centre:
Notice how the graphical aid now shows the radius centre at (X16,
Y4) instead of the radius fillet at (X18, Y2). Move the centre to
(X15, Y4), press Modify, then change the Radius to 3000.
The latter operation illustrates the two ways of specifying a curves
position:
Fillet position
Radius
Centre position
12-8
169.
Repeat the clash checks which you carried out on the earlier version
of the design model in Section 11.1. Think about the reasons for the
extra clashes which are diagnosed for the current design.
170.
12.4 Conclusion
This concludes both the tutorial exercise and this introduction to some of
the ways in which PDMS and AVEVA applications can help you in your
structural design work. You should now have an insight into the
potential power of PDMS and sufficient confidence to explore some of the
more advanced options on your own.
For further technical details, refer to the sources of information listed in
the last appendix.
If you have not already done so, you are strongly advised to attend one or
more of the specialised PDMS training courses, which will show you how
to get the maximum benefits from the product in your own working
environment (see Section 1.5).
12-9
12-10
(FRMW)
optiona l
(RPLG)
SUBFRAMEWORK
(LCDE)
(SBFR)
(RPLA)
PANEL
SECTION
(SCTN)
(PANE)
PRIMARY NODE
ROUTING PLANE
(PALJ)
(PNOD)
PANEL FITTING
(PFIT)
negative
COFITTING
primitives
(PLOO)
PANEL VERTEX (COFI)
(PAVE)
PANEL VERTEX
NEGATIVE EXTRUSION
PANEL LOOP
(PAVE)
(NXTR)
LOOP
PRIMARY COMPOUND JOINT (LOOP)
PRIMARY JOINT
(PJOI)
RELEASE
(PCOJ)
NODAL LOAD
(NOLO)
(RELE)
VERTEX
SUBJOINT
(VERT)
(SUBJ)
(NODI)
SPIN
(SPINE)
E
(JLDATUM)
SPINE POINT
(PLDATUM)
CURVE
(CURVE)
(POINSP)
FIXING
(FIXI)
FITTING
SECTION POINT LOAD
(SPLO)
SECONDARY NODE
(FITT)
(SNOD)
(SELJ)
SECTION VERTEX
SECONDARY JOINT
(SJOI)
RELEASE
(RELE)
(SEVE)
NODAL LOAD
(NOLO)
NODAL DISPLACEMENT
(NODI)
SUBJOINT(SUBJ)
Structural Design Using VANTAGE PDMS
Version 11.6SP1
A-1
A-2
B.1
B-1
B.2
P-line Identification
Each p-line is identified by a two, three or four letter code (known as its
PKEY) which identifies its relative position in the 2D profile (remember
that each p-line is extruded in the design model to represent a line
running along the length of a section). The most commonly referenced
PKEYs use the following naming conventions (each profile uses only a
subset of these):
BBH
BBHL
BBHR
BLW
BLWT
BOC
BOS
BRW
BRWT
FOC
HBA
HOA
IOC
LBOA
LBOC
LBOS
LBTS
LTBA
LTBS
LTOC
LTOS
LTTA
NA
NAB
NAL
NALO
NAR
NARO
NAT
RBOA
RBOC
RBOS
RBTS
ROA
ROC
RTBS
RTOC
B-2
RTOS
TBH
TBHL
TBHR
TLW
TLWB
TOAX
TOAY
TOC
TRWB
TOS
TRW
B.3
B-3
LTOS
PARA 4
RTOS
PARA 7
PARA 3
NA
LEFT
RIGH
PARA 1
PARA 6
LBOS
RBOS
BOS
Other Parameters:
PARA 5 = Weight per unit length
B-4
TOAX
RTTA
TOAY
PARA 8
RTOA
PARA 4
NAB
LOA
HBA
PARA 7
PARA 9
NA
NAL
NAR
PARA 1
HOA
PARA 3
LBOA
RBOA
Other Parameters:
PARA 6 = Weight per unit length
B-5
GG
FF
EE
II
DD
JJ
KK
CC
NA &
NAGG
NAEE
NAII
LL
NAAA
NAMM
MM
BB
NACC
NAKK
NAOO
AA
PARA 1
NAWW
XX
NN
NAQQ
NASS
NAUU
WW
OO
VV
PP
UU
QQ
RR
SS
TT
PARA 2
Other Parameters:
PARA 3 = Weight per unit length
B-6
LTBS
PARA 4
TOS
LTOS
TLW
TRW
TBHR
TBHL
TLWB
RTOS
RTBS
TRWB
PARA 6
PARA 3
NA
NALO
LBTS
NAL
BBHL
LBOS
PARA 8
NAR
BLWT
NARO
PARA 1
BRWT
BBHR
BLW
BRW
BOS
RBTS
RBOS
PARA 12
Other Parameters:
PARA 5 = Weight per unit length
PARA 7 = Cross Sectional Area
PARA 9 = Nominal Depth
PARA 10 = Nominal Width
PARA 11 = Surface Area per unit length
B-7
PARA 4
TOS
PARA 7
RTOS
TBHR
TBHL
PARA 6
PARA 3
NA
PARA 8
NALO
NAL
NAR
NARO
BBHL
PARA 1
BBHR
PARA 10
(as percentage)
LBOS
BOS
RBOS
PARA 11
Other Parameters:
PARA 5 = Weight per unit length
PARA 9 = Nominal Depth
B-8
PARA 4
TOC
RTOC
TBH
PARA 5
NA
PARA 10
FOC
IOC
ROC
PARA 1
PARA 3
PARA 7
BBH
PARA 9
(degrees)
LBOC
BOC
PARA 8
RBOC
PARA 13
Other Parameters:
PARA 6 = Weight per unit length
PARA 11 = Nominal Depth
PARA 12 = Nominal Width
B-9
TOC
RTOC
PARA 4
TBH
PARA 5
NA
PARA 10
FOC
IOC
ROC
PARA 1
PARA 3
PARA 7
BBH
PARA 9
(as percentage)
LBOC
BOC
PARA 8
RBOC
PARA 13
Other Parameters:
PARA 6 = Weight per unit length
PARA 11 = Nominal Depth
PARA 12 = Nominal Width
B-10
PARA 1
PARA 5
PARA 4
TOS
LTOS
LTBS
TBHL
TBHR
TLWB
NA
RTOS
RTBS
TRWB
PARA 7
NALO
NAL
NAR
NARO
PARA 3
LBOS
PARA 2
RBOS
BOS
Other Parameters:
PARA 6 = Weight per unit length
PARA 8 = Nominal Width
PARA 9 = Nominal Depth
PARA 10 = Original Depth
PARA 11 = Original Width
PARA 12 = Original Weight
B-11
PARA 4
TOS
RTOS
PARA 14
PARA 16
(as percentage)
TBHL
NALO
TBHR
NA
PARA5
PARA 7
NAL
NAR
NARO
PARA 3
PARA 2
PARA 15
BOS
Other Parameters:
PARA 6 = Weight per unit length
PARA 8 = Nominal Width
PARA 9 = Nominal Depth
PARA 10 = Original Depth
PARA 11 = Original Width
PARA 12 = Original Weight
B-12
B.4
B.4.1
Column Connections
Column Flange:
c
a
Column Web:
c
a
d
d
b
Notch Depth = d
B-13
B.4.2
Cleated Connections
Bolted Web:
4M20_bolted_web_cleats
Length of cleats = a
Length of cleats = a
Welded Seat:
B-14
B.4.3
End Preparations
Single Clearance:
a
Radius of Rathole = a
Double Clearance:
Flush_p_cutback:
a
Radius of Rathole = a
Flush_p_cutback_with_snipe:
a
Radius of Rathole
B-15
B.4.4
Baseplate Connections
30mm_thick_attached_baseplate:
Dia of Bolt = a
30mm_thick_user_defined_baseplate:
c
e
Depth of Plt = a
Width of Plt = b
Bolt wrt Depth = c
Bolt wrt Width = d
Dia of Bolt = e
c
d
d
b
B-16
B.4.5
B.4.6
B.5
1st Row = a
2nd Row = b
3rd Row = 0
(in this example)
B-17
B.6
Stiffeners
B-18
short length = a
long length = b
B.7
Fire Insulation
Parallel Flange Beam:
a
c
d
b
f
e
g
B-19
B.8
Lifting Lugs
General Lifting Lug (GEN-
d
e
B-20
C.1
C-1
C.2
C.3
General guides
The following guides are intended for use only by experienced PDMS
users who want to write their own applications:
Plant Design Software Customisation Guide
Explains how to write your own application macros using PML
(AVEVAs Programmable Macro Language) and how to design
your own forms and menus interface.
Plant Design Software Customisation Reference Manual
Supplements the Customisation Guide.
Includes a list of PML 2 Objects, Members and Methods. For
Forms and Menus objects, the command syntax relating to the
objects is included.
C-2
Sample Plots
This appendix comprises some examples of typical (though relatively
simple) plots showing the sorts of structural designs which may be
created using PDMS with the AVEVA structural applications.
D-1
Sample Plots
D-2
Sample Plots
D-3
Sample Plots
D-4
Index
3D view, 3-6
Application
principles, 11-1
definition, 2-1
loading, 8-1
Clearance
definition, 11-2
Collection. See List
Compound panel fitting
penetrations, 10-1
Control button, 3-10
Copying
Current element
definition, 4-3
Curve
definition, 12-1
Curved section
creating, 12-6
definition, 12-1
modifying, 12-7
Database hierarchy, 4-2
Draft data, 11-10
Density, 11-7
Design Explorer, 3-5
Design parameters, 1
Design session
ending, 5-27
Display
index-i
Index
restoring, 7-1
saving, 5-26
Distance
measuring, 8-6
Draft applications
loading, 11-8
Draft database hierarchy, 11-10
definition, 4-2
Function attribute
setting for Draft, 11-8
Generic Section (GENSEC)
definition, 12-1
GENSEC
definition, 12-1
Geometry set, 1
Drag
Edge
definition, 8-2
Holes
dragging, 8-10
picking, 8-8
penetrations, 10-1
Element
definition, 4-2
End position
definition, 5-1
identifying, 6-5
cutback, 7-14
dominant/subordinate, 7-18
Fillet radius
definition, 8-2
setting, 8-10
Fitting
section penetrations, 10-1
Forms and display
restoring, 7-1
saving, 5-26
Framework (FRMW)
creating, 4-4
Index-ii
Version 11.6SP1
secondary, 5-21
selecting from catalogue, 7-15
specifying, 7-12, 7-15
Joint line
definition, 5-5
Justification
definition, 5-5
Structural Design Using VANTAGE PDMS
Index
specifying, 5-17
deleting, 6-6
primary, 5-2
Linear grid
defining, 12-5
List
creating, 5-22
definition, 5-21
Owner
scrollable, 3-10
Loop (LOOP)
definition, 8-13
Mass calculations, 11-6
Mass properties
querying, 11-6
definition, 4-3
Panel (PANE)
creating, 8-4
definition, 8-2
Panel edge
definition, 8-2
dragging, 8-10
picking, 8-8
Member
definition, 4-3
Member line
definition, 5-5
Menu
pull-down, 3-6
justification, 9-1
Module
position, 9-1
definition, 2-1
Mouse buttons
functions, 3-2
Negative extrusion (NXTR)
definition, 8-13
Negative volume, 8-13
Net weight, 11-6
Node
definition, 5-2
Structural Design Using VANTAGE PDMS
Version 11.6SP1
Index
picking, 8-8
setting, 7-15
Parameters, 1
Penetration
Regular structure
creating, 10-2
definition, 10-1
detailing, 10-4
Physical clash
definition, 11-2
creating, 6-1
Reports
templates, 11-5
Representation
setting graphical view, 7-16
PKEY, 2
Ring section
Pline
creating, 12-3
definition, 5-2, 1
definition, 12-1
identification, 2
Pline rule
function, 7-2
setting, 7-3
Screen layout
saving, 5-26
Point set, 1
P-point
definition, 1
Primary node
automatic creation, 5-3
Primitives, 1
Profile (PROF)
definition, 5-1
specifying, 5-3
Site
creating, 4-3
definition, 4-2
Prompts, 3-9
Properties
Index-iv
Version 11.6SP1
Index
definition, 5-1
specifying, 5-4
Spine
definition, 12-1
Spine Point (POINSP)
definition, 12-1
Split facility
Touch
definition, 11-2
Trimming sections, 7-2
Vertex (VERT)
definition, 8-13
panels, 8-6
sections, 5-20
View
Start position
definition, 5-1
identifying, 6-5
panning, 5-11
Storage area
rotating, 5-11
zooming, 5-11
View direction, 5-10
creating, 4-4
definition, 4-2
Subfitting
penetrations, 10-1
Subframework (SBFR)
creating, 4-4
definition, 4-2
Submenu, 3-6
creating, 4-4
definition, 4-2
Index-v