Engineering Report Heat Exhanger B

SUBJECT TO THE REPORT
The report shall be limited to the Design, Installation, Operation

and Maintenance of Hot Water System Using Heat Pump to
Include Detailed Calculation of Piping, Storage Tank Design,
Pumps and Insulation of five (5) floors of Maxims Hotel guest
room and the Recovery of Cold Air for Machine Room Ventilation.
The heat pump system will incorporate also the interfacing of the
system to Building Management System for start/stop of airconditioning of elevator machine room, exhaust fan of electrical
room and air-handling unit of guest room for fresh air supply.
The said Building Management System will play a big role in
energy conservation or recovery of the system. The report will
also describe the advantages of using heat pump due to its
recovery system and environmental compliance.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF WORK
The project involves the Design, Installation, Operation and
Maintenance of Hot Water System Using Heat Pump to Include
Detailed Calculation of Piping, Storage Tank Design, Pump &
Insulation and the Recovery of Cold Air for Machine Room
Ventilation for Maxims Hotel located in Newport Blvd., Newport
City, Pasay City.
Hot water system mainly consist of heat pump with built-in
primary circulating pump, hot water storage tank, secondary
circulating pump, piping distribution and make up water. The
focus of the design will be the supply of hot water in hotel guest
1
rooms were numerous capacity of water required. The hotel used

heat pump with built-in primary circulating pump located at the
roof deck of Maxims Hotel. Each heat pump consists of four (4)
units of compressors. Heat pump is an energy collecting and
transferring system mainly consists of compressor, condenser,
expansion valve and evaporator.
Hot water produced by heat pump will convey in copper pipe to
the guest rooms by means of pressurized hot water tank. They
use rubber for the insulation of copper pipes and rock wool for
the storage tank with aluminum cladding. Copper pipes are use
for header, sub header and riser and polypropylene pipes inside
the guest room.
The system is advantageous and efficient due to its recovery in
terms of operation. It is also environment friendly compare to
boiler system which has flue gas discharge and chemical blow
down.
Since the required hot water temperature of guest room is not
too high, the applicant suggests to use heat pump due to its
simplicity of design & maintenance. Operators are ready since
the system is the same as air-conditioning system, no need to
train technical person for heating equipment like boiler.
To gain the benefits of energy conservation or recovery of
discharge air of heat pump, it can also be used as ventilation of
elevator machine room, ventilation of electrical room and utilized
for the fresh air of hotel guest room.
2
The sequence of the said energy recovery is when the heat

pump is in operation, the discharge air of the heat pump will be
utilized as ventilation of elevator machine room, ventilation of
electrical room and fresh air of hotel guest room by means of
ducting. The interfacing of Building Management System to Hot
Water System will synchronized the start/stop of controller of
air-conditioning and exhaust fan and the heat pump. When the
heat pump turns on, the air-conditioning and exhaust fan turns
off. And when the heat pump meets the desired temperature,
the heat pump will automatically turn off and the air-conditioning
of elevator machine room, exhaust fan of electrical room and air
handling units turns on.
DESIGN PARAMETERS AND CONSIDERATIONS
Design Requirements
The
hot
water
system
was
composed
of
the
following
requirements;
Design Total Heat Capacity
Heat Capacity of hot water at the Guest Room
Detailed Calculation of Pipe Sizing to Guest Room
Required Capacity and Thickness of Hot Water Tank
Calculation of Heat loss of Tank and Pipe
Total flow rate and total dynamic head of secondary circulating
pump
Area of Heating Coil
Duct Sizing of Recovery Cold Air
3
The design reference is set in the code of practice and regulation

for most of the countries and to the standard of the following;
a. Maximum daily demand (100 or more units) 15 gal/unit,
Table 7 Hot Water Demand and Various Types of Buildings
(see page 18 of Service Water Heating of ASHRAE HVAC Application).
b. Maximum hourly demand (100 or more units) 4 gal/unit,

Table 7 Hot Water Demand and Various Types of Buildings
(see page 18 of Service Water Heating of ASHRAE HVAC Application).
c. 68F Design cold water temperature

d. 77F - Design ambient air temperature
e. 118.4F - Hot water supply of Guest Room and tank design
temperature.
f. 140F - Heat Pump Design Temperature
g. 0.5 to 8 ft/s - Hot Water Velocity (see page 5 of Air Heating Coil
of ASHRAE HVAC Systems and Equipment).
h. Copper pipe nominal diameter of 67mm, 52mm 35mm

with
wall
thickness
of
2.4mm,
2.1mm
and
1.6mm
respectively Type L domestic water.

(http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com)
i. 1 to 2 hrs - Capacity of storage tank

(see page 19 of ASHRAE HVAC Application).
j. 20% - Expansion and sludge and reserve of tank
(see page 8 of Medium and High Temperature Water Heating of
ASHRAE HVAC Systems and Equipment).
k. 125 to 150 psig - Design pressure rating for below 350F

(see page 8 of Medium and High Temperature Water Heating of
ASHRAE HVAC Systems and Equipment).
l. 2 Btu / hr-ft2-F - Outside surface
coefficient free
convection (Thermodynamics by Virgil Mourning Faires)

m.
312 Btu-in / hr-ft2-F - Film Coefficient for steel

(Thermodynamics by Virgil Mourning Faires)
n. 0.28 Btu-in / hr-ft2-F - Film Coefficient for rockwool

o. 1,400 Btu-in / hr-ft2-F - Film Coefficient for Aluminum

p. 1.65 Btu / hr-ft2-F - surface coefficient inside building wall

q. 1,000 Btu / hr-ft2-F - inside surface coefficient saturated

Water flowing (Thermodynamics by Virgil Mourning Faires)
r. 2,616 Btu-in / hr-ft2-F Film Coefficient of Copper
s. 0.27 Btu-in / hr-ft2-F Film Coefficient of rubber

insulation (Insulac Brand)
t. 3 Btu-in / hr-ft2-F Film Coefficient of Polyethylene
u. 0.69 Btu-in / hr-ft2-F Film Coefficient for polypropylene

v. 60-80 Btu / hr-ft2-F Overall heat transmission of copper

w. 1 Gal/min for 1- inches and 1- inches diameter per

riser of circulating pump
(see page 7 Water Heating of ASHRAE HVAC Application).
Hot Water Pressure

At 45 psi, variable speed drive pump is required to maintain the
operating pressure of Hot Water System. The pressure of hot
water system must be the same as cold water line.
Hot Water Temperature

Hot Water Circulating Pump and installation of proper insulation
is required to maintain the temperature of hotel guest room. By
doing this, we can save power for heat lost of the system and
meet client requirements.
Hot Water Pipes

Because of their inherent resistance to corrosion and easy
installation,
copper
pipe
are
often
used
in
water
supply
installation for hotel.
System Control
Due to its recovery, the control will interface different system. It
will help the activation or sequence required during operation by
means of Building Management System.
Duct Layout and Damper

The duct layout should follow required thickness and duct
support to lessen the noise level due to its location at roof deck.
This is to avoid transmission of sounds to guest room. Proper
insulation is needed for ducting used as recovery system for the

supply of fresh air at the guest room.
Electric Motor
High Efficiency electric motor, Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled
(TEFC), IEC standard, IP 55 and class F insulation and NEMA 3R
controller for hot water circulating pump.
DESIGN CALCULATIONS
Design Total Heat Capacity
To determine the total required heat capacity of guest room, add
the heat load of water consumption of guest room, heat lost of
tank and heat lost of pipe by the following equation;
QH
QL + QLT + QLP
Where:
QH
Required Total Heat Capacity (Btu/hr)
QL
Heat Load of Water Consumption of Guest Room (Btu/hr)
QLT
Heat Lost of Tank (Btu/hr)
QLP
Heat Lost of Pipe (Btu/hr)
2.3.1.1
Heat Load of Water Consumption of Guest Room
QL
Mhw x Cpw ( Thw Tcw )
Where:
7
Mhw
Mass of Hot Water Required in the Guest Room (lb/hr)
Cpw
Specific Heat of Water (1 Btu/lbs F)
Thw
Hot Water Temperature Supply in the Guest Room (F)
Tcw
Cold Water Temperature (F)
Volumetric Flow Rate (ft3/hr)
Density of Water (62.4 lb/ft3)
To determine the total heat capacity required for the guest room, get
the maximum load demand required in the guest room using 90%
occupancy of 172 guest room. The design average room occupancy is
2 person per unit (see Appendices for Architectural Layout Annex 1A-1D).
No. of unit x daily maximum demand x Occupancy % x no.

of person
172 units x 15 gals/day-unit x 90% x 2 person
4,644 gals/day or 17,577.54 Liters/day
Say; 18,000 Liters/day (Daily Consumption)
On ASHRAE standard we can determine the percentage of peak load

by getting the maximum hourly demand. The maximum hourly
demand is 4 gals/unit.
No. of unit x hourly maximum demand x Occupancy % x

no. of person
172 units x 4 gals/day-unit x 90% x 2 person
1,238.4 gals/hr or 4,687.34 Liters/hr

8
The computed percentages of peak load demand is approximately 26%

based on maximum hourly demand over the maximum daily demand.
The percentage acquire will be use to simulate the average usage of
Hot Water System of Maxims Hotel per hour.
Table 1.1 Hot Water Profile

Time of
day
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
24:00
Hot Water Usage (Liter)
% Usage
0
0
0
0
0
360
900
4,680
1,440
360
360
180
0
0
180
360
360
720
1,080
4,680
1,080
720
540
0
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
2%
5%
26%
8%
2%
2%
1%
0%
0%
1%
2%
2%
4%
6%
26%
6%
4%
3%
0%
18,000
100%
Based on Table 1.1 we can get the average hourly demand of Hot
Water System approximately 1,125 Liters/hr or 39.70 ft3/hr;
In mass flow rate;
Mhw
Vx
9
Mhw
39.70 ft3/hr x 62.4 lb/ft3
Mhw
2,477.28 lb/hr
To determine the heat load water consumption of guest room,

substitute the mass flow rate in the equation;
QL
Mhw x Cpw ( Thw Tcw )
QL
2,477.28 lb/hr x 1 Btu / lbs F x (118.4F - 68F)
QL
124,854.91 Btu/hr
Detailed Calculation of Pipe Sizing to Guest Room

In Item 2.3.1.1 the maximum hourly demand is 4,687.34 Liters/hr or
165.40 ft3/hr. We can now compute the size of pipe header of Hot
Water System.
V/v
Where:
V
Volumetric Flow Rate (165.40 ft3/hr or 0.046 ft3/s)
Area of Pipe (in2)
Velocity of Hot Water (1.8 ft/s)
Diameter of Pipe (inches)
Pi, (3.1416)
For hot water header pipe @ peak load capacity of 165.40 ft 3/hr
or 0.046 ft3/s.
In Area;
10
V/v
0.046 ft3/s / 1.8 ft/s
0.026 ft2 or 3.744 in2
In diameter;
(d2) / 4
sqrt (3.744 in2 x 4) /
2.2 inches
Say; 2.5 inches diameter for pipe header
For sub header volumetric flow rate @ 50% capacity of 82.7

ft3/hr;
V
Volumetric Flow rate (82.7 ft3/hr or 0.023 ft3/s)
In Area;
V/v
0.023 ft3/s / 1.8 ft/s
0.013 ft2 or 1.9 in2
In diameter;
(d2) / 4
sqrt (1.9 in2 x 4) /
1.6 in
11
Say; 2 inches diameter for pipe sub-header
For riser volumetric flow rate @ 25% capacity of 41.35 ft 3/hr;

V
Volumetric Flow rate (41.35 ft3/hr or 0.011 ft3/s)
In Area;
V/v
0.011 ft3/s / 1.8 ft/s
0.0061 ft2 or 0.9 in2
In diameter;
(d2) / 4
sqrt (0.9 in2 x 4) /
1.1 inches
Say; 1- inches diameter for riser
The pipe sizes are 2.5 inches, 2 inches and 1- inches for header, sub
header and riser, respectively (See Appendices for schematic diagram of hot
water piping in Annex 2A-2B).
Required Capacity and Thickness of Hot Water Tank

Based on Table 1.1, Hot Water Profile, the storage capacity of tank
that can be used is 900 Liters and 4,680 Liters in time of 7am and
12
8am. This is based on ASHRAE that can be used 1 to 2 hours storage

capacity peak demand of the day.
We can get the capacity of Tank by the equation of;
VT
V 1 + V 2 + V3
Where:
VT
Total Volume Capacity
V1
Peak Capacity of Hot Water
V2
Expansion Capacity
V3
Sludge and Reserve
V2 + V 3 =
20% (V1)
VT
V 1 + V 2 + V3
VT
V1 + 20% (V1)
VT
(900 Liter + 4,680 Liter) + 20% (900 Liter + 4,680 Liter)
V1
5,580 Liters + 1,116 Liters
V1
6,696 Liters
Say; 2 x 3,348 L or 2 x 118.14 ft3, total volume of tank
To find the dimension of the tank determine first the volume of

ellipsoid and the volume of cylinder (see Appendices Annex 3A-3B);
VT
V C + VE
Where:
13
VT
Total Volume Capacity
VC
Volume of Cylinder
VE
Volume of Ellipsoid
hT
Overall Height of Tank
dT
Diameter of Tank
Given the diameter of tank at 4.6 ft with ellipsoid radius vertical

distance of 0.98 ft, where major axis and minor axis are the same.
(see Appendices Annex 3A-3B).
VE
4/3 x x a x b x c
Where:
a
Radius of Major Axis
Radius of Minor Axis
Radius of Vertical Distance
VE
4/3 x x a x b x c
VE
4/3 x x 2.3 x 2.3 x 0.98
VE
21.72 ft3
For cylinder;
VC
VT - V E
VC
118.14 21.72
VC
96.42 ft3
For the height of the cylinder;
14
VC
x r2 x h
96.42 / ( x 2.32)
5.8 ft
Adding the height of cylinder and ellipsoid;
hT
c+h
hT
(2 x 0.98 ft) + 5.8 ft
hT
7.8 ft
Say; 4.6 ft diameter x 7.8 ft height
And the wall thickness of tank using 125 psi operating pressure and
4.6 ft or 55.2 inches diameter;
tm
(P x r x FS) / TS x E
Where:
tm
wall thickness (inches)
maximum internal pressure in 125 psi
radius of tank (inches)
TS
Tensile Strength (55,029 psi)
FS
5 for new construction
Efficiency 90%
tm
(P x r x FS) / TS x E
tm
(125 psi x 27.6 in x 5) / 55,029 psi x 0.90
tm
17,250 / 49,526.10
15
tm
0.348 in
Say; 3/8 inches standard commercial thickness
Calculation of Heat loss of Tank and Pipe

We can compute the heat lost of tank by following equation
QLT
QLT1 + QLT2
QLT1
(Tin x Tout) / (1/ho) + (1/hi) + A/K
QLT2
AT x (Tin x Tout) / (1/ho) + (1/hi) + L/K
Where:
QLT
Total Loss of Tank (Btu/hr)
QLT1
Heat Loss of Cylindrical Tank Surface Area (Btu/hr)
QLT2
Heat Loss of Ellipsoid Cover of Tank Surface Area (Btu/hr)
AT
Area of Tank (in2)
Length of Pipe or height of Tank (ft)
Tin
Design Temperature Inside the Tank (F)
Tout
Design Ambient Temperature (F)
ho
Outside Surface Coefficient (Btu/hr- ft2-F)
hi
Inside Surface Coefficient (Btu/hr- ft2-F)
Film Coefficient (Btu-in / hr- ft2-F)
Resistance (hr-F / Btu)
For cylindrical tank heat lost;
16
QLT1
(Tin x Tout) / (1/ho) + (1/hi) + A/K or
QLT1
(Tin x Tout) / R
To determine the heat lost, get first the summation of resistance;

For R1, given the height of cylindrical tank 5.8 ft and diameter of tank
4.6 ft with thickness of 3/8 inches, we can get the internal diameter of
tank in 4.57 ft;
For inside resistance of tank;
R1
1 / Ai x h i
R1
1 / ( x 4.57 ft x 5.8 ft x 1,000 Btu/hr- ft2-F)
R1
1 / 83,271.25 hr-F / Btu
R1
1.2 x 10-5 hr-F / Btu
For resistance of tank given the inside and outside diameter of tank
and the film coefficient;
R2
ln (Do / Di) / (2 x x L x K)
R2
ln (4.6 ft /4.57 ft) / (2 x x 5.8 ft x

312/12 Btu-in / hr- ft2-F)
R2
0.0065 / 947.51
R2
6.86 x 10-6 hr-F / Btu
For resistance of insulation given the thickness of insulation 0.17 ft

17
R3
ln (Do / Di) / (2 x x L x K)
R3
ln (4.77/4.6) / (2 x x 5.8 ft x
0.28/12 Btu-in/hr-ft2-F)
R3
0.036 / 0.85
R3
4.24 x 10-2 hr-F / Btu
For resistance of cladding given the thickness of cladding 0.0066 ft and

the film coefficient;
R4
ln (Do / Di) / (2 x x L x K)
R4
ln (4.7766/4.77) / (2 x x 5.8 ft x
1,400/12 Btu-in/hr-ft2-F)
R4
R4
0.0014 / 4,251.63
3.29 x 10-7 hr-F / Btu
For outside resistance of tank natural convection;
R5
1 / Ao x h o
R5
1/ ( x 4.7766 ft x 5.8 ft x 2 Btu/hr- ft2-F)
R5
1 / 174.07 hr-F / Btu
R5
5.74 x 10-3 hr-F / Btu
Summation of resistance as follows;
R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + R5
1.2 x 10-5 + 6.86 x 10-6 + 4.24 x 10-2 + 3.29 x 10-7 +

18
5.74 x 10-3
R
0.048 hr-F / Btu
QLT1
(Tin x Tout) / R
QLS1
(118.4 F 77 F) / 0.048 hr-F / Btu
QLS1 =
862.5 Btu/hr
Compute the surface area of top and bottom of tank with the formula
of ellipsoidal;
SA
4 x ((ap bp + apcp+ bpcp)/3)1/p
Where:
a
Radius of Major Axis (2.3 ft)
Radius of Minor Axis (2.3 ft)
Radius of Vertical Distance (0.98 ft)
1.6075
SA
4 x ((ap bp + apcp+ bpcp)/3)1/p
SA
4 x ((2.31.6075 x 2.31.6075 + 2.31.6075 x 0.981.6075 +

2.31.6075 x 0.981.6075) / 3)1/1.6075
SA
4 x ((3.81 x 3.81) + (3.81 x 0.97) +

(3.81 x 0.97)/3) 0.622
SA
4 x ((14.52) + (3.69) + (3.69)/3) 0.622
SA
4 x x (21.9/3) 0.622
SA
43.27 ft2
19
Substitute the thickness of tank, thickness of insulation and thickness

of cladding;
L/K =
0.0313 ft / (312/12) Btu-in/hr- ft2-F + 0.17 ft / (0.28/12)

Btu-in/hr-ft2-F + 0.0066 ft / (1,400/12) Btu-in/hr-ft2-F)
L/K =
0.0012 Btu / hr- ft2-F + 7.29 Btu / hr- ft2-F +

0.000057 Btu / hr- ft2-F
L/K=
7.29 hr- ft2-F / Btu
Given the surface area of top and bottom of tank and the summation
of L/K, substitute the values in the equation;
QLS2
AT x (Tin x Tout) / (1/ho) + (1/hi) + L/K
QLS2
43.27 ft2 (118.4 F 77F) / (1/1,000 Btu /hr-ft2-F) +

1/2 Btu/hr- ft2-F + 7.29 hr- ft2-F / Btu
QLS2
1,791.38 / (0.001 + 0.5 + 7.29)
QLS2
1,791.38 / 7.791
QLS2 =
229.93 Btu/hr
For total heat lost of tank;
QLT
QLS1 + QLS2
QLT
862.5 Btu/hr + 229.93 Btu/hr Heat lost of Tank
QLT
1,092.43 Btu/hr
20
Since the selected number of hot water tank is two (2) the total
heat lost of tank has a total of 2,184.86 Btu/hr.
Total heat lost of pipe sizes 2.5 inches, 2 inches, 1- inches,

inches supply to guest room and 2 inches return pipe to hot
water tank (see Appendices for figure reference annex 4).
Based on schematic diagram and architectural layout, we can compute

the length of pipe .
QLP
(Tin x Tout) / (1/ho) + (1/hi) + A/K
Where:
Tin
Temperature Inside the Pipe (F)
Tout
Average Ambient Temperature (F)
ho
Outside Surface Coefficient (Btu / hr-ft2-F)
hi
Inside Surface Coefficient (Btu / hr-ft2-F)
Film Coefficient (Btu-in / hr-ft2-F)
Total heat lost of pipe size 2.5 inches;

For inside resistance of pipe size 2.5 inches;
Given the length 44 ft and the nominal diameter of pipe 2.64 inches or
0.22 ft with thickness of 0.094 inches, we can get the internal
diameter of tank in 2.55 inches or 0.2125 ft;
R1
1 / Ai x h i
21
R1
1/ ( x 0.2125 ft x 44 ft x 1,000 Btu/hr- ft2-F)
R1
1 / 29,373.96 hr-F / Btu
R1
3.4 x 10-5 hr-F / Btu
For resistance of copper pipe 2.64 inches given the inside and outside
diameter of pipe and the film coefficient;
R2
ln (Do / Di) / (2 x x L x K)
R2
ln (0.22/0.2125) / (2 x x 44 ft x
2,616/12 Btu-in / hr- ft2-F)
R2
0.035 / 60,268.45
R2
5.81 x 10-7 hr-F / Btu
For resistance of insulation given the thickness of insulation 1 in or

0.125 ft and the film coefficient;
R3
ln (Do / Di) / (2 x x L x K)
R3
ln (0.345/0.22) / (2 x x 44 ft x
0.27/12 Btu- in/hr-ft2-F)
R3
0.4499 / 6.22
R3
7.23 x 10-2 hr-F / Btu
For resistance of polyethylene tape given the thickness of 0.0066 ft

R4
ln (Do / Di) / (2 x x L x K)
R4
ln (0.352/0.345) / (2 x x 44 ft x
3/12 Btu-in/hr-ft2-F)
22
R4
0.02 / 69.12
R4
2.89 x 10-4 hr-F / Btu
For outside resistance of pipe;
R5
1 / Ao x h o
R5
1/ ( x 0.352 ft x 44 ft x 2 Btu/hr- ft2-F)
R5
1 / 97.31 hr-F / Btu
R5
1.03 x 10-2 hr-F / Btu
R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + R5
3.4 x 10-5 + 5.81 x 10-7 + 7.23 x 10-2 + 2.89 x 10-4 +

1.03 x 10-2
0.08 hr-F / Btu
QLP
(118.4 77) / 0.08
QLP
517.5 Btu/hr Heat Lost @ 2.5 inches
2.3.1.4.2.2 Total heat lost of pipe size 2 inches;

For inside resistance of pipe size 2 inches;
Given the length 334 ft and the nominal diameter of pipe 2.13 in or
0.18 ft with thickness of 0.08 inches, we can get the internal diameter
of tank in 2.05 in or 0.17 ft;
R1
1 / Ai x h i
R1
R1
1 / 178,380.05 hr-F / Btu

23
R1
5.61 x 10-6 hr-F / Btu
R2
ln (Do / Di) / (2 x x L x K)
R2
ln (0.18/0.17) / (2 x x 334 ft x
2,616/12 Btu-in / hr- ft2-F)
R2
0.057 / 457,492.36
R2
1.25 x 10-7 hr-F / Btu

R3
ln (Do / Di) / (2 x x L x K)
R3
ln (0.26/0.18) / (2 x x 334 ft x
R3
0.37 / 47.22
R3
7.84 x 10-3 hr-F / Btu

R4
ln (Do / Di) / (2 x x L x K)
R4
ln (0.267/0.26) / (2 x x 334 ft x
24
R4
0.027 / 524.65
R4
5.15 x 10-5 hr-F / Btu
R5
1 / Ao x h o
R5
R5
1 / 560.32 hr-F / Btu
R5
1.78 x 10-3 hr-F / Btu
R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + R5
5.61 x 10-6 + 1.25 x 10-7 + 7.84 x 10-3 + 5.15 x 10-5 +

1.78 x 10-3
9.7 x 10-3 hr-F / Btu
QLP
(118.4 77) / 9.7 x 10-3
QLP
4,268.04 Btu/hr Heat Lost @ 2.0 inches
Total heat lost of pipe size 1- inches;

For inside resistance of pipe size 1- inches;
Given the length 1,300 ft and the nominal diameter of pipe 1.38 in or
diameter of tank in 1.374 in or 0.115 ft;
R1
1 / Ai x h i
R1
1/ ( x 0.115 ft x 1,300 ft x 1,000 Btu/hr- ft2-F)

25
R1
1 / 469,669.2 hr-F / Btu
R1
2.13 x 10-6 hr-F / Btu
R2
ln (Do / Di) / (2 x x L x K)
R2
ln (0.155/0.115) / (2 x x 1,300 ft x
2,616/12 Btu-in / hr- ft2-F)
R2
0.298 / 1,780,658.88
R2
1.67 x 10-7 hr-F / Btu

R3
ln (Do / Di) / (2 x x L x K)
R3
ln (0.235/0.155) / (2 x x 1,300 ft x
R3
0.42 / 183.78
R3
2.29 x 10-3 hr-F / Btu

R4
ln (Do / Di) / (2 x x L x K)
R4
ln (0.242/0.235) / (2 x x 1,300 ft x
26
R4
0.029 / 2,042.04
R4
1.42 x 10-5 hr-F / Btu
R5
1 / Ao x h o
R5
1/ ( x 0.242 ft x 1,300 ft x 2 Btu/hr- ft2-F)
R5
1 / 1,976.69 hr-F / Btu
R5
5.06 x 10-4 hr-F / Btu
R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + R5
2.13 x 10-6 + 1.67 x 10-7 + 2.29 x 10-3 + 1.42 x 10-5

+ 5.06 x 10-4
2.81 x 10-3 hr-F / Btu
QLP
(118.4 77) / 2.81 x 10-3
QLP
14,733.10 Btu/hr Heat Lost @ 1- inches
Total heat lost of pipe size 3/4 inches;

For inside resistance of pipe size 3/4 inches;
Given the length 4,500 ft and the nominal diameter of pipe 0.87 in or
diameter of tank in 0.786 in or 0.066 ft;
R1
1 / Ai x h i
R1
1/ ( x 0.066 ft x 4,500 ft x 1,000 Btu/hr- ft2-F)
R1
1 / 933,055.20 hr-F / Btu

27
R1
1.07 x 10-6 hr-F / Btu
For resistance of polypropylene pipe 0.87 inches given the inside and
outside diameter of pipe and the film coefficient;
R2
ln (Do / Di) / (2 x x L x K)
R2
ln (0.072/0.066) / (2 x x 4,500 ft x
0.69/12 Btu-in / hr- ft2-F)
R2
0.09 / 1,625.78
R2
5.54 x 10-5 hr-F / Btu

R3
ln (Do / Di) / (2 x x L x K)
R3
ln (0.152/0.072) / (2 x x 4,500 ft x
R3
0.75 / 636.17
R3
1.18 x 10-3 hr-F / Btu
R4
1 / Ao x h o
R4
1/ ( x 0.152 ft x 4,500 ft x 1.65 Btu/hr- ft2-F)
R4
1 / 3,545.61 hr-F / Btu

28
R4
2.82 x 10-4 hr-F / Btu
R1 + R2 + R3 + R4
1.07 x 10-6 + 5.54 x 10-5 + 1.18 x 10-3 + 2.82 x 10-4
1.52 x 10-3 hr-F / Btu
QLP
(118.4 77) / 1.52 x 10-3
QLP
27,236.84 Btu/hr Heat Lost @ 3/4 inches
2.3.1.4.2.5 Total heat lost of pipe size 2 inches;

For inside resistance of pipe size 2.0 inches (Return Pipe);
Given the length 400 ft and the nominal diameter of pipe 2.13 in or
0.18 ft with thickness of 0.08 inches, we can get the internal diameter
of tank in 2.05 in or 0.17 ft;
R1
1 / Ai x h i
R1
R1
1 / 213,628.8 hr-F / Btu
R1
4.68 x 10-6 hr-F / Btu
R2
ln (Do / Di) / (2 x L x K)
R2
ln (0.18/0.17) / (2 x x 400 ft x
2,616/12 Btu-in / hr- ft2-F)
R2
0.057 / 547,895.04
R2
1.04 x 10-7 hr-F / Btu

29

R3
ln (Do / Di) / (2 x L x K)
R3
ln (0.26/0.18) / (2 x x 400 ft x
R3
0.37 / 56.55
R3
6.54 x 10-3 hr-F / Btu

R4
ln (Do / Di) / (2 x L x K)
R4
ln (0.267/0.26) / (2 x x 400 ft x
R4
0.027 / 628.32
R4
4.23 x 10-5 hr-F / Btu
R5
1 / Ao x h o
R5
R5
1 / 671.05 hr-F / Btu
R5
1.49 x 10-3 hr-F / Btu
R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + R5
4.68 x 10-6 + 1.04 x 10-7 + 6.54 x 10-3 + 4.23 x 10-5 +

30
1.49 x 10-3
R
8.08 x 10-3 hr-F / Btu
QLP
(118.4 77) / 8.08 x 10-3
QLP
5,123.76 Btu/hr Heat Lost @ 2.0 inches
The total heat lost of pipe is;
QLP
QLP@2.5 + QLP@2 + QLP@1-1/4 + QLP@3/4 + QLP@2(RETURN)
QLP
517.5 + 4,268.04 + 14,733.10 + 27,236.84 + 5,123.76
QLP
51,879.24 Btu/hr Total Heat lost of pipe
Total Heat load of the guest room;
QH
QL + QLT + QLP
QH
124,854.91 + 2,184.86 + 51,879.24
QH
178,919 Btu/hr
Say;
Total
180,000 Btu/hr,
Flow
Rate
and
Total
Dynamic
Head
of
Secondary
Circulating Pump
Total Volumetric Flow Rate
To get the total volumetric flow rate of secondary pump, 1 gal/min per
each riser for 1- inches or 1- inches pipe size are given in ASHRAE
1995 HVAC Application page 7. Based on architectural layout and pipe
chase, they have 23 risers;
31
VS
No. of Riser x 1 gal/min
VS
23 x 1 gal/min
VS
23 gal/min or 3.07 ft3/min
Total Dynamic Head

For total dynamic head of secondary pump get the friction lost of pipe
and valves, required pressure of the fixture. The fixture that has
maximum pressure is shower, with 12 psig based on Table 8 Proper
flow and pressure required during flow for differential fixtures ASHRAE
Fundamentals.
Hf
f LV2 / d2g Darcy equation
Where:
Hf
Friction Head Loss (inches)
Diameter of Pipe (inches)
Gravitational Force (32.2 ft/s)
Velocity of Pipe (ft/s)
Friction Coefficient
All data are given except for the value of friction coefficient but we can
now determine the value by the equation;
0.00181 + 0.0011787 (z / dvS)0.355
32
Where:
z
fluid viscosity, (0.60 centipoises 120F Table 14-8

Viscosities centipoises page 606 Power Plant Engineering
by Frederick Morse).
Specific Gravity of Water
1.8 ft/s or 0.55 m/s
Friction Head of 2.5 inches diameter

Value of friction at 0.065 m internal diameter, friction coefficient is;
0.00181 + 0.0011787 (z / dvS)0.355
0.00181 + 0.0011787 (0.60 centipoises /

0.065 m x 0.55 m/s x 1)0.355
0.005
Compute the friction head given the effective total length of supply hot
water pipe to guest room pipe (see Appendices Annex 6).
Hf
f LV2 / d2g
Hf
0.005 x 64.3 ft (1.8 ft/s)2 / 0.21 ft x 2 x 32.2 ft/s2
Hf
1.04 / 13.52
Hf
0.08 ft

Value of friction at 0.052 m internal diameter, friction coefficient is;
0.00181 + 0.0011787 (z / dvS)0.355

33
0.00181 + 0.0011787 (0.60 centipoises /

0.052 m x 0.55 m/s x 1)0.355
0.0053
Compute the friction head of supply hot water pipe to guest room,
given the effective total length of pipe (see Appendices Annex 6).
Hf
f LV2 / d2g
Hf
0.0053 x 458.1 ft (1.8 ft/s)2 / 0.17 ft x 2 x 32.2 ft/s
Hf
7.87 / 10.95
Hf
0.72 ft
Friction Head of 1- inches diameter

Value of friction at 0.035 m internal diameter friction coefficient is;
0.00181 + 0.0011787 (z / dvS)0.355
0.00181 + 0.0011787 (0.60 centipoises /

0.035 m x 0.55 m/s x1)0.355
0.0059
Compute the friction head of supply hot water pipe to guest room
given the effective total length of pipe (see Appendices Annex 6).
Hf
f LV2 / d2g
Hf
0.0059 x 2,481.9 ft (1.8 ft/s)2 / 0.115 ft x 2 x 32.2 ft/s
Hf
47.44 / 7.406
Hf
6.41 ft
34

Using the value of friction for 0.052 m internal diameter, we can get
the friction head of return hot water pipe to guest room given the
effective total length of pipe (see Appendices Annex 6).
Hf
f LV2 / d2g
Hf
0.0053 x 2,039 ft (1.8 ft/s)2 / 0.17 ft x 2 x 32.2 ft/s
Hf
35.01 / 10.95
Hf
3.20 ft
Summation of friction head;
Hf
0.08 ft + 0.72 ft +6.41 ft + 3.2 ft
Hf
9.67 ft
To get the total dynamic head, given the summation of friction head
add the pressure required of fixture;
TDH =
Hf + fixture pressure required (12 psig or 27.72 ft)
TDH =
9.67 ft + 27.72 ft
TDH =
37.39 ft
Say; 40 ft total dynamic head
The flow rate of secondary circulating pump and total dynamic

head are 3.07 ft3/min and 40 ft respectively.
35
EQUIPMENT SELECTION AND COMPUTATION

Selection of Hot Water Tank
Reference to 2.3.1.3 the total storage required for two hours is 5,580
Liters. Commercial selection has 2,550 Liters storage capacity. The
researcher suggests to use 2 units of 2,550 Liters. Each tank has 6m 2
heating coil. The capacity of the selected tank will be shown in Table
1.2, simulation of equipment capacity.
Heat Pump Capacity

Based on total heat lost of hot water supply from guest room, add the
heat lost of pipe and hot water tank in volumetric flow rate.
The total heat capacity of heat lost is 54,064.10 Btu/hr, 30% of design
capacity of 180,000 Btu/hr. By simulating reference on Table 1.1 Hot
water profile, 70% of volumetric flow rate is 18,000 Liters/hr based on
124,854.91 Btu/hr. The 30% heat lost in volumetric flow rate is 7,714
Liters/hr. To get the average hourly basis divide the 7,714 Liters/hr in
24 hours. The average volumetric flow rate is 321.4 Liters/hr.
The selected Heat pump capacity model 268CW2-134C @ 77F with
the hot water production 2,108 liters/hr, the hot water production will
be added to the hot water tank recovery during operation. To make
sure the required capacity of guest room will meet the requirements
on the selected equipment (see Table 1.2).
Table 1.2 Hot Water Profile with Hot Water Production

Tim
e of
Usage
Liter/h
%
Usage
Losses
Liter/h
Tank
Capacit
36
Hot
Water
Excess
Cap,Lite
5100
5100
5100
5100
5100
5100
5100
5100
5100
5100
Productio
n Liter/hr
0
0
0
0
2,108
2,108
2,108
2,108
2,108
2,108
4,557
4,236
3,914
3,593
2,108
3,535
4,421
1,528
1,874
3,301
321.4
5100
2,108
4,728
1%
321.4
5100
1,054
5,280
0%
321.4
5100
527
5,486
0%
321.4
5100
5,164
180
1%
321.4
5100
527
5,190
360
2%
321.4
5100
527
5,036
360
2%
321.4
5100
527
4,881
720
4%
321.4
5100
1,581
5,421
1,080
6%
321.4
5100
1,054
5,073
4,680
26%
321.4
5100
2,108
2,180
1,080
6%
321.4
5100
2,108
2,887
720
4%
321.4
5100
2,108
3,953
540
3%
321.4
5100
2,108
5,200
0%
321.4
5100
4,878
18,00
0
100%
day
y Liter
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
0
11:0
0
12:0
0
13:0
0
14:0
0
15:0
0
16:0
0
17:0
0
18:0
0
19:0
0
20:0
0
21:0
0
22:0
0
23:0
0
24:0
0
0
0
0
0
0
360
900
4,680
1,440
360
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
2%
5%
26%
8%
2%
321.4
321.4
321.4
321.4
321.4
321.4
321.4
321.4
321.4
321.4
360
2%
180
28,985
In Table 1.2, we can say that the selected capacity is enough to the
requirements of the hotel. At peak load usage of hot water of guest
room, the hot water production of heat pump using 4 compressors
running has almost 10% excess capacity of peak load. Below is graph
of the simulation.
37
FIGURE 1.4
Figure 1.4 shows the line graph of hot water requirements of guest
room in blue line, the green line is the hot water production of selected
capacity of heat pump and red line is the excess capacity in normal
operation of heat pump a day.
Say; 2 units of heat pump 1 operational, 1 stand by

38
Area of Heating Coil

To counter check the selected capacity 2,550 Liters at 6m 2 or 64.5 ft2
model IT 2500, get the area of copper pipe inside the indirect calorifier
with the selected Heat Pump model. The heat output of the Heat Pump
is 300,967 Btu/hr with compressor capacity 4 x 9hp reference on
Quantum Heat Pump. The total capacity of discharge air of heat is
21,172 ft3/min at 1.6 inches total static pressure.
Given the 300,967 Btu/hr, we can compute the area of coil inside the
tank by the equation;
QC
U x A x LMTD
QC
300,967 Btu/hr
Where:
QC
Heat Required by the Cooling Coil
Overall Coefficient of Heat Transfer of Copper Pipe
LMTD =
Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference
Area of Heat Transfer
To determine the Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference, see

appendices for the graph to get the temperature difference of cross
flow heat transfer (see Appendices Annex 7).
LMTD =
(max min) / ln (max / min)
LMTD =
(57.6 21.6) / ln (57.6 / 21.6)
LMTD =
36 / 0.98
39
LMTD =
36.73
QC
U x A x LMTD
300,967 Btu/hr / 70 Btu/hr-ft2-F x 36.73
117.06 ft2 or 10.88 m2
Since we have two tanks we can the divide the computed area into 2.
The area of copper of each tank is 5.44 m2.
Say; 6 m2, the commercial size tank meets the requirement of heat
pump production.
Therefore, the heat output of the equipment 300,967 Btu/hr with

compressor capacity 4 x 9hp references on Quantum Heat Pump and
the area of copper of indirect calorifier meets the requirement of Hot
Water System.
Calculate the Power (hp) Requirements of Secondary
Circulating Pump;
The volumetric flow rate and total dynamic of secondary circulating
pump is 3.07 ft3/min and 40 ft (refer to item 2.3.2). To determine the
horsepower required of hot water secondary circulating pump by the
equation;
HP
VP x x H
Where:
VP
Volumetric Flow Rate (ft3/min)

40
HP
Horsepower Required
Density of Water (62 lb/ft3)
Total Head (ft)
HP
VP x x H
HP
(3.07 ft3/min x 62.4 lb/ft3 x 40 ft) /

(33,000 ft-lb/min-hp x 0.33)
HP
7,662.72 / 10,890
HP
0.70
Say; 2 units of hot water circulating pump 1 operational, 1

stand by (See Appendices Annex 8 Equipment layout).
RECOVERY OF COLD AIR

In every design recovery system is very important especially in 24
hours operation. One of the advantages of the designer is by using
heat pump. The discharge air of heat pump can be utilized as
ventilation of elevator machine room and electrical room. Existing
capacity of window type air-conditioning of elevator system is 2 x
2.5hp, 1 x 0.7hp exhaust fan for electrical room and 7.5hp air handling
unit each.
Since the Maxims Hotel are equip with Building Management System,
the additional controls will be put in the hot water system, air
conditioning of elevator machine room, exhaust fan of electrical room
and air handling unit to be integrated in Building Management System.
41
This will be used for start/stop of the system during the operation to
gain the recovery system.
Additional ducting should be also included. This is to convey the air
discharge of heat pump. The sizes will be determined by the equation;
VAIR
Axv
Where:
VAIR
Volumetric Flow Rate of Air (ft3/s)
Velocity of Duct (ft/s)
Area (ft2)
Given the total capacity of discharge air 36,000 m 3/hr or 21,172.50

ft3/min at selected capacity of heat pump. The dimension of duct
header at 2,500 ft/min velocity of duct;
VAIR
/v
21,172.50 ft3/min / 2,500 ft/min
8.47 ft2
Say for 2 ft height of duct;
Width x Height
8.47 ft2 / 2 ft
4.24 ft
Say; Dimension of duct is 4.24 ft x 2 ft (Duct Header)
42
The required air flow for two units air handling unit for fresh air supply
of guest room is 2 x 8,000 ft3/min. The size of duct is;
VAIR
/v
16,000 ft3/min / 2,500 ft/min
6.4 ft2

A
Width x Height
6.4 ft2 / 2 ft
3.2 ft
Say; Dimension of duct is 3.2 ft x 2 ft

With the total air discharged of heat pump, 21,172.50 ft 3/min less the
air requirement of air handling unit of 16,000 ft 3/min is 5,172.5
ft3/min. The excess capacity will run thru the elevator machine room
and discharge to electrical room by means of relief damper.
For elevator machine room;
VAIR
/v
5,172.5 ft3/min / 2,500 ft/min
2 ft2
Width x Height
2 ft2 / 1 ft
2 ft
43
Say; Dimension of duct is 2 ft x 1 ft
For size of diffuser for machine room at 800 ft/min;
VAIR
/v
5,172.5 ft3/min / 800 ft/min
6.47 ft2
Width x Height
6.47 ft2 / 2 ft
3.23 ft
Say; Dimension of louver is 3.23 ft x 2 ft

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION
Air Source Heat Pumps The heat pump water heater
shall be source equipment, factory assembled, charged,
and
tested.
The heat pump have the capability of
producing not less than 140 F water, with heating capacity

as indicated on Summary of Technical Data. Heat Pumps
shall be tested in compliance with health and safety
standards for heating Equipments that come into contact
with hot and cold potable water.
Heat
pump
unit
should
consist
of
compressor,
condensers, evaporator coil, fans, water circulating pump,

pipings,
controls
and
44
should
be
factory
assembled,
charged, and tested. The heat pump shall contain the

following components, and features.
a.
Cabinet should be Type 304L stainless steel. Support,
channels and beams should also be constructed type 304L stainless

steel. Compartment should have large access doors for servicing.
Compressor and condenser should be located in separate compartment
from fan and evaporator for in-operation serving. Base section under
evaporator coil should have stainless steel drip pan for condensate.
Cabinet should be designed for outdoor operation.
b.
Fans The fan arrangement should be draw-through
design. Fan should be centrifugal, direct driven at no more than 1075

RPM (60hz). Fan diameter should not be greater than 9 (229mm).
Construction should be epoxy coated steel. The motor should be
mounted to blower scroll with vibration isolating rubber grommets,
with stainless steel fasteners. It should also be marine duty corrosion
protected.
c.
Evaporator Coils should be constructed with aluminum
waffle plate fins mechanically bonded to seamless copper tubing. All

tube joints to be brazed with silver rod. Coil should have corrosion
inhibiting coated fins and type 304 stainless steel coil casings and
drain pan.
d.
Refrigerant should be R-134a. This refrigerant is readily
available.
45
e.
Expansion Valves should be specifically designed for heat
pump use with adjustment superheat feature.
f.
Scroll
type,
suitable
for
high
temperature
operation
suitable for R-134a refrigerant.
g.
Compressor Control: Compressor controls / accessories
must include the following:

1.
Crack case Heater
2.
Crankcase Heater Relay
3.
High pressure safety switch
4.
Low Pressure Safety Switch
h.
Indicator lights for:
1.
power on
2.
Normal Stop
3.
High pressure Fail
4.
Low pressure Fail
j.
Condenser
Coaxial
vented
double
wall
type.
Suitable for high temperature operation for potable water.

1.
Filter-Driers: Sweat connection type
2.
Site glass: Moisture indicating type
k.
Unit should be factory wired to allow a maximum of twelve

compressor short cycling and allow time for suction and
46
discharge pressure to equalize permitting the compressor to

start in an unloaded condition.
l.
Water circulating pumps should be in-line all bronze stainless

steel body centrifugal type able to deliver rated flow against the
external head.
m.
Controls The heat pump unit shall be factory wired for fully
automatic operation. Safeties shall include and fan motor
thermal overload protection, manual reset pressure stats, anticycling compressor relays, plus standard items recommended by
the equipment manufacturer.
Hot Water Storage Tank with Heat Exchanger

a.
Combination
of
Hot
Water
Storage
and
Heat
Exchanger System, constructed with clear separation

between
domestic
water
and
storage
tank
in
accordance with health and safety standard for

heating equipment. Hot water storage tank should be
provided with coil type heat exchanger using hot
water from the air source heat pump as the primary
heating source.
b.
Hot water storage tank should have a minimum

storage capacity of 2,550 Liters vertical mounting,
installed at the roof level of the hotel floor.
47
c.
It should be insulated using Rockwool. External

insulations
should
be
provided
with
gage
24
aluminum cladding suitable for outdoor installation.
d.
Heat exchanger should be designed for primary hot

water temperature of 149 F and maximum domestic
hot supply temperature of 140 F for legionella
Bacteria flushing and average or normal domestic
hot water supply of 113 F for shower and bathtub
usage for guest room. Domestic hot water surface
area of heat exchanger is 64 ft2 or 6 m2.
e.
Tank should be designed for a minimum working

pressure of 125 psig.
HOT WATER PIPING

Copper type L hard drawn in accordance with ASTM B88.1 - 94. Minimum working pressure psig.
1. Fittings: Wrought Copper
2. Joints:
Solder joints for sizes up to 50mm (2.0 inches)

and mechanical grooved coupling suitable for
copper tubes or pipes for the risers both up
feed and down feed pipes.
Polypropylene Pipes should be temperature service of 75

-C and nominal pressure 300 psig.
VALVE PRESSURE RATING

48
Unless otherwise indicated, use valves suitable for 150

psig, working pressure. For circulating pump discharge
valves pressure should be suitable for 300 psig working
pressure.
Basic Operation
The Hot Water System using heat pump is the primary hot
water supply of the hotel guest room. The system is 24
hours in operation depend on the load requirements of the
guest room. The heat pump has four (4) compressors
simultaneously running depend on the temperature setting
to make sure the hot water temperature will meet the
desired temperature requirements.
At peak load, it will run in four (4) compressors to sustain
the hot water storage and storage recovery. It means the
energy recovery will maximize also. The discharge air will
be supply to elevator machine room, electrical room and
serve as the fresh air of the guest room.
When the systems run in three (3) compressors, the
capacity of discharge is not enough to maintain the
required air requirements. One (1) air handling unit will
turn off and switch to normal mode of air conditioning
system (Chilled Water System) by means of Building
Management System. On the other hand, one (1) air
handling unit using recovery system, will give the exact
49
quantity of air requirement and the excess will go to

elevator machine room. Since the elevator machine room
has no return, the owner will put relief damper to electrical
room. The discharge air of the electrical room will goes out
to louver door.
The system operation on two (2) compressors running is
the same as three (3) compressors the discharge air of
heat pump will be utilized in one (1) air handling unit
supply of fresh air of guest room, ventilation of elevator
machine room.
In low demand load of hot water of guest room the
systems run in one (1) compressor, the rooms that can be
utilized are the elevator machine room and the electrical
room. The two (2) air handling units will run in normal
mode system the Chilled Water System.
And when the Heat Pumps System turns off, it means the
required
temperature
setting
meet
the
normal
air-
conditioning are running; chilled water system in air

handling unit, window type air-conditioning in elevator
machine room and typical exhaust fan in electrical room.
The start/stop of the system will run throughout the
Building Management System by different setting and by
means of dry contact. The Building Management System
plays a big role in the energy recovery system. Proper
50
settings and control of the parameter are required in the

system.
For volume damper, the actuators are interlock with the
system. The volume damper of heat pump is normally
open when the heat pump is in operation and normally
closed when the heat pump turns off. Same as in air
handling unit the motorized damper is open when the
ducting of the recovery system were connected and the
fresh air of air handling unit in take is closed. When the
recovery air is not enough, the air handling unit itself will
run thru chilled water system. The motorized damper
where the recovery duct is closed and the fresh air intake
will be open.
In elevator machine room, all excess air of heat pump will
be supply to elevator machine room. Since the elevator
machine room has no return or any opening the relief
damper of the electrical room will be open. This is to
maintain the air pressure of the elevator room.
Since the electrical room has louver door, the air relief by
the
damper
from
elevator
room
will
goes
surrounding by means of the said louver door.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS
51
out
to
As Mechanical Engineers, it is our responsibility to design

the most efficient and economical systems for our client,
which needs Engineering Knowledge, Skills and Research
to check what are the latest developments or technology in
the field of work. Because even we select and spend so
much investment to the updated and efficient equipment
but if we install it in an inefficient system, the result is
just the same. That will spend so much in operating cost
and
maintenance
cost
during
the
life
span
of
the
equipment.
Since the report is limited to the Design, Installation,
Operation and Maintenance of Hot Water System Using
Heat
Pump
including
Detailed
Calculation
of
Piping,
Storage Tank Design, Pump & Insulation and the Recovery

of Cold Air for Machine Room Ventilation of Maxims Hotel in
Newport Blvd, Newport City. The applicant at the beginning
of the report, emphasizing that the Heat Pump is more
advantageous than the other systems unlike electric water
heater and boiler system due to its recovery. And by
installing the ductwork to the machine room it will help a
lot to reduce the operating cost plus the knowledge of the
applicant in the importance of system efficient.
Therefore the economic analysis of this report will focus on
the following two (2) major items:
52
Operating cost analysis diverting discharge air of heat

pump to elevator machine room, electrical room and
supply as fresh air of guest room.
Investment Analysis of Heat Pump System over the
Heat Pump using Recovery System.
The initial investment of Heat Pump System without
recovery is slightly lower than the Heat Pump System with
energy recovery. But with the study, the additional cost for
the energy recovery can be recouped in few years only.
The investment for ducting and other accessories are the
items sometimes missed by the owners that will lead to
additional cost.
Table 1.3 shows the comparative initial investment of the
said two (2) systems.
Table 1.3 Cost Comparison of Equipment
Item
No.
3
4
5
Description
Heat Pump, 1
operational 1 Back up
Including Primary
Pump and Installation
Controller relay of Air
Conditioning System
and Exhaust Fan
Secondary Circulating
Pump including
Controller
Wires and Contacts of
BMS
Ducting Works
including support and
miscellaneous work
Total Cost
Heat Pump
System
Heat Pump
System w/
Recovery
5,700,000
5,700,000
15,000
40,000
25,000
25,000
20,000
200,000
none
1,200,000
P5,760,000.00
P7,165,000.00
53
The amount of Calorifier and piping system to guest room will be

Php12,500,000.00 which include Contractors Profit (Hot Water System
only, fixtures and cold water line are not included).
Ducting works include hangers and support, grilles, filter and insulation
of duct for fresh air system. Additional wires and relay to the controller
will synchronize the start/stop of the Building Management System.
Annual Operating Analysis using Heat Pump Without Air

Recovery System.
Annual operating cost using Heat Pump without recovery is the
operation where the discharge air of the heat pump is disposed on the
atmosphere. The tabulation below is the summary of electrical
consumption without recovery system;
Table 1.4 Heat Pump with No Recovery

Time
of
day
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
0
11:0
0
12:0
0
HEAT PUMP WITH NO RECOVERY

Comp
, kW
0
0
0
0
26.8
26.8
26.8
26.8
26.8
Fan
KW
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
PCP
KW
0
0
0
0
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
SCP
KW
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
WAC
, KW
3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75
EF,
KW
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
AHU,
KW
11.2
11.2
11.2
11.2
11.2
11.2
11.2
11.2
11.2
Total
KW
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
44.8
44.8
44.8
44.8
44.8
26.8
1.30
0.7
0.55
3.75
0.5
11.2
44.8
26.8
1.30
0.7
0.55
3.75
0.5
11.2
44.8
13.4
0.66
0.7
0.55
3.75
0.5
11.2
30.8
54
13:0
0
14:0
0
15:0
0
16:0
0
17:0
0
18:0
0
19:0
0
20:0
0
21:0
0
22:0
0
23:0
0
24:0
0
6.7
0.33
0.7
0.55
3.75
0.5
11.2
23.7
0.00
0.0
0.55
3.75
0.5
11.2
16.0
6.7
0.33
0.7
0.55
3.75
0.5
11.2
23.7
6.7
0.33
0.7
0.55
3.75
0.5
11.2
23.7
6.7
0.33
0.7
0.55
3.75
0.5
11.2
23.7
20.1
0.99
0.7
0.55
3.75
0.5
11.2
37.8
13.4
0.66
0.7
0.55
3.75
0.5
11.2
30.8
26.8
1.30
0.7
0.55
3.75
0.5
11.2
44.8
26.8
1.30
0.7
0.55
3.75
0.5
11.2
44.8
26.8
1.30
0.7
0.55
3.75
0.5
11.2
44.8
26.8
1.30
0.7
0.55
3.75
0.5
11.2
44.8
0.00
0.0
0.55
3.75
1.5
11.2
17.0
Total KW/Day:
783.9
With the total capacity of 783.9 KW-Day as reference for the annual
operating cost;
Total KW of Heat Pump operating in 24 hrs:
783.9 KW/Day
Annual KW of Heat Pump @ 365 days:
286,123.50 KW/year
Say, cost of electricity is P 6.24 / KW-hr annual operating cost is;

285,904.5 KW-year x P6.24 / KW-hr = Php1,785,410.64
The value of KW/hr is based on primary metering cost of 13.4KV.
Annual Operating Cost = Php1,785,410.64 (Without Recovery)
55
Table 1.5 Building Management Sequence

Time
of
day
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
24:00
Based
HEAT PUMP
Comp
kW
Fan
KW
Fan
CFM
AHU1 AHU2
8,000 8,000
CFM
CFM
0
0.00
0
stop
0
0.00
0
stop
0
0.00
0
stop
0
0.00
0
stop
26.8 1.30 21,172 start
26.8 1.30 21,172 start
26.8 1.30 21,172 start
26.8 1.30 21,172 start
26.8 1.30 21,172 start
26.8 1.30 21,172 start
26.8 1.30 21,172 start
13.4 0.66 10,586 start
6.7
0.33 5,293
stop
0
0.00
0
stop
6.7
0.33 5,293
stop
6.7
0.33 5,293
stop
6.7
0.33 5,293
stop
20.1 0.99 15,879 start
13.4 0.66 10,879 start
26.8 1.30 21,172 start
26.8 1.30 21,172 start
26.8 1.30 21,172 start
26.7 1.30 21,172 start
0
0.00
0
stop
on tabulation of building
AC
550
CFM
stop
stop
stop
stop
stop
stop
stop
stop
start
start
start
start
start
start
start
start
start
start
start
start
start
start
stop
start
stop
start
stop
stop
stop
start
stop
start
stop
start
stop
start
stop
start
start
start
start
start
start
start
start
start
stop
stop
management
EXCESS
CFM OF
HEAT
PUMP
stop
0
stop
0
stop
0
stop
0
start
4,332
start
4,332
start
4,332
start
4,332
start
4,332
start
4,332
start
4,332
start
1,736
start
4,443
stop
0
start
4,443
start
4,443
start
4,443
start
7,029
start
1,736
start
4,332
start
4,332
start
4,332
start
4,332
stop
0
sequence, the
EF
300
CFM
equipments running is tabulated in power consumption to get the

power savings during operation. You will notice the recovery is based
on the number of compressor running.
Table 1.6 Heat Pump with Recovery System

Time
of
day
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
HEAT PUMP WITH RECOVERY

Com
p kW
Fan
KW
0
0
0
0
26.8
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.30
PC
P
KW
0
0
0
0
0.7
SCP
KW
WAC
kW
EF,
kW
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75
0.00
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.0
56
AHU1 AHU2 Total

kW
kW
kW
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
0.0
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
0.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
29.4
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:0
0
11:0
0
12:0
0
13:0
0
14:0
0
15:0
0
16:0
0
17:0
0
18:0
0
19:0
0
20:0
0
21:0
0
22:0
0
23:0
0
24:0
0
26.8
26.8
26.8
26.8
26.8
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
29.4
29.4
29.4
29.4
29.4
26.8
1.30
0.7
0.55
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
29.4
13.4
0.66
0.7
0.55
0.00
0.0
0.0
5.6
20.9
6.7
0.33
0.7
0.55
0.00
0.0
5.6
5.6
19.5
0.00
0.0
0.55
3.75
0.5
5.6
5.6
16.0
6.7
0.33
0.7
0.55
0.00
0.0
5.6
5.6
19.5
6.7
0.33
0.7
0.55
0.00
0.0
5.6
5.6
19.5
6.7
0.33
0.7
0.55
0.00
0.0
5.6
5.6
19.5
20.1
0.99
0.7
0.55
0.00
0.0
0.0
5.6
27.9
13.4
0.66
0.7
0.55
0.00
0.0
0.0
5.6
20.9
26.8
1.30
0.7
0.55
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
29.3
26.8
1.30
0.7
0.55
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
29.3
26.8
1.30
0.7
0.55
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
29.3
26.8
1.30
0.7
0.55
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
29.3
0.00
0.0
0.55
3.75
0.5
5.6
5.6
16.0
Total KW/Day:
566.7
With the total capacity of 566.7 KW/Day as reference for the annual
operating cost;
Total KW of Heat Pump operating in 24 hrs:
566.17 KW/Day
Annual KW of Heat Pump @ 365 days:
206,845.5 KW/year
Say, cost of electricity is P 6.24 / KW-hr annual operating cost is;

57
206,845.5 KW-year x P6.24 / KW-hr = Php1,290,715.92
Annual Operating Cost = Php1,289,349.36 (With Recovery)
FIGURE 1.5
Figure 1.5 shows the comparison of power consumption of heat pump
system using recovery system in red hidden line is lower than the blue
line heat pump without recovery.
OBSERVATION, COMMENTS AND RECOMMENDATION

Observations
58
The Hot Water System using heat pump of Maxims Hotel in

Newport Blvd, Newport City Pasay City is one of the
effective, efficient and economical design in the country.
The flexibility of design and recovery assured a healthy
and safe environmental.
The Mechanical Engineer and the contractor is not having a

hard time during the testing and commissioning of the
equipment especially the validation and verification of the
capacity. The simplicity of the design and start up
procedure make advantage to the owner to start ahead of
schedule.
Comments and Recommendations

Installing the heat pump is an excellent and wise decision
of the owner and Mechanical Engineer by the small
investment in the installation and space saver especially in
Newport City, a prime lot city. The owner will enjoy the
great benefits of it in terms of operating cost and the
assurance of safe environment.
Since the discharge air temperature is approximately 25 C
or 77F, diverting and installation of duct to machine room,
electrical room and fresh air of hotel guest room will gain
additional benefits. Installation of relay or sensor to the
controller of air-conditioning of elevator machine room and
exhaust fan using Building Management System, this is to
maintain the required temperature of the room. Once it
59
meet
the
required
temperature
the
heat
pump
will
automatically turn off. The air-conditioning of the machine

room and exhaust fan of electrical room will turn on. Viceversa.
No matter how high is the efficiency of our equipment and

install it in an inefficient system the result is inefficient,
the premium that we pay for the high efficiency equipment
is wasted. Thats why it is highly recommended that the
design
engineer
should
properly
study
the
basic
engineering knowledge in his/her field of work.
CONCLUSION
Heat pump system is one of the neglected areas in the
project, owner does not want to invest additional cost for
recovery system so much in hot water system, but if we
realize the impact of energy recovery in operation, we can
say that it is very efficient.
Not because of the development in the hot water system
which is the heat pump recovery, the project owner can
now realize that even we spend additional cost in the
operation
requirements
an
additional
saving
and
advantages in the operation and space will gain.

It is important to consider the heat pump system to
comply
or
to
minimize
60
the
environmental
concern
especially the waste discharge by the other hot water

system.
It is also equally important that the system should be
properly operated and maintained by a qualified and
competent Mechanical Engineer, in that way we are sure
that the life span expected of the system will achieve. And
its function will be throughout its useful life.
REFERENCES
THE PHILIPPINE MECHANICAL CODE
THE PSME CODE
AND
STANDARDS COMMITTEE
ROOM 401, 4/F D ON LORENZO BLDG. 889 P. PAREDES ST.

SAMPALOC, MANILA
ASHRAE HANDBOOK HVAC APPLICATIONS

AMERICAN SOCIETY
OF
HEATING, REFRIGERATION
AND
AIR-CONDITIONING
ENGINEER , INC.
1791 TULLIE CIRCLE , N.E., ATLANTA, GA 30329
ASHRAE HANDBOOK HVAC SYSTEMS

AMERICAN SOCIETY
OF
AND
ENGINEER , INC.
61
AIR-CONDITIONING
ASHRAE HANDBOOK FUNDAMENTALS

AMERICAN SOCIETY
OF
AND
AIR-CONDITIONING
ENGINEER , INC.
ASHRAE EQUIPMENTS
AMERICAN SOCIETY
OF
AND
SYSTEMS
AND
ENGINEER , INC.
THE THEORY
AND
PRACTICE
OF
STATIONARY
ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANT

FREDERICK MORSE
THERMODYNAMICS
VIRGIL MORNING FAIRES
CLIFFORD MAX SIMMANG
CORPORATE FINANCE
BREADLEY / MYERS / ALLEN
62
AIR-CONDITIONING

Engineering Report Heat Exhanger B

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SUBJECT TO THE REPORT

The report shall be limited to the Design, Installation, Operation

rooms were numerous capacity of water required. The hotel used

The sequence of the said energy recovery is when the heat

The design reference is set in the code of practice and regulation

b. Maximum hourly demand (100 or more units) 4 gal/unit,

c. 68F Design cold water temperature

h. Copper pipe nominal diameter of 67mm, 52mm 35mm

respectively Type L domestic water.

i. 1 to 2 hrs - Capacity of storage tank

k. 125 to 150 psig - Design pressure rating for below 350F

l. 2 Btu / hr-ft2-F - Outside surface

convection (Thermodynamics by Virgil Mourning Faires)

312 Btu-in / hr-ft2-F - Film Coefficient for steel

n. 0.28 Btu-in / hr-ft2-F - Film Coefficient for rockwool

o. 1,400 Btu-in / hr-ft2-F - Film Coefficient for Aluminum

p. 1.65 Btu / hr-ft2-F - surface coefficient inside building wall

q. 1,000 Btu / hr-ft2-F - inside surface coefficient saturated

s. 0.27 Btu-in / hr-ft2-F Film Coefficient of rubber

u. 0.69 Btu-in / hr-ft2-F Film Coefficient for polypropylene

v. 60-80 Btu / hr-ft2-F Overall heat transmission of copper

w. 1 Gal/min for 1- inches and 1- inches diameter per

Hot Water Pressure

Hot Water Temperature

Hot Water Pipes

installation for hotel.

Duct Layout and Damper

insulation is needed for ducting used as recovery system for the

Required Total Heat Capacity (Btu/hr)

Heat Load of Water Consumption of Guest Room (Btu/hr)

Heat Lost of Tank (Btu/hr)

Heat Lost of Pipe (Btu/hr)

Heat Load of Water Consumption of Guest Room

Mhw x Cpw ( Thw Tcw )

Mass of Hot Water Required in the Guest Room (lb/hr)

Specific Heat of Water (1 Btu/lbs F)

Hot Water Temperature Supply in the Guest Room (F)

Cold Water Temperature (F)

Volumetric Flow Rate (ft3/hr)

Density of Water (62.4 lb/ft3)

No. of unit x daily maximum demand x Occupancy % x no.

172 units x 15 gals/day-unit x 90% x 2 person

4,644 gals/day or 17,577.54 Liters/day

Say; 18,000 Liters/day (Daily Consumption)

On ASHRAE standard we can determine the percentage of peak load

No. of unit x hourly maximum demand x Occupancy % x

172 units x 4 gals/day-unit x 90% x 2 person

1,238.4 gals/hr or 4,687.34 Liters/hr

The computed percentages of peak load demand is approximately 26%

Table 1.1 Hot Water Profile

Hot Water Usage (Liter)

In mass flow rate;

39.70 ft3/hr x 62.4 lb/ft3

To determine the heat load water consumption of guest room,

Mhw x Cpw ( Thw Tcw )

2,477.28 lb/hr x 1 Btu / lbs F x (118.4F - 68F)

Detailed Calculation of Pipe Sizing to Guest Room

Volumetric Flow Rate (165.40 ft3/hr or 0.046 ft3/s)