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Expanding Nations Sustainable Water Resources & Supply - Adopting Indah Water As An Alternative Water Source For Non-Portable Use. - V Sasidharan
Expanding Nations Sustainable Water Resources & Supply - Adopting Indah Water As An Alternative Water Source For Non-Portable Use. - V Sasidharan
Prof Ir.
Prof.
Ir Haniffa Hamid & V
V. Sasidharan
Planning & Engineering Department, Indah Water Konsortium Sdn Bhd
6 September 2012
INTAN, Bukit Kiara, Kuala Lumpur
PRESENTATION STRUCTURE
Introduction
Wastewater as an Alternative
Water Source for Non Potable
U in
Use
i Malaysia
M l
i
Issues,, Challenges
g and
Lessons Learnt
Way Forward & Summary
(C) IWK/PED/0912
Objectives
To highlight
g g the thoughts
g
on the way
y forward
for water reuse initiatives in Malaysia
(C) IWK/PED/0912
Introduction
Malaysia Vision to become a fully
developed country by the year 2020.
R
Rapid
id d
development
l
th
has ttaken
k place
l
iin
sectors like agriculture, industry,
tourism, manufacturing and
urbanisation.
urbanisation
All these development would not
possible without adequate water
resources
Despite the countrys
country s wet humid
equatorial climate regime, many parts
of the country suffer from periodic
water stress, primarily due to:
Imbalance water demand in
varying locations and sectors.
Changes
g in weather p
pattern is
affecting trends in precipitation &
temperature
(C) IWK/PED/0912
Need Statement
NationalWaterResourcesStudy(20002050) WaterStressStates
Penang,Melaka,Selangor,potentiallyN.Sembilan.
RapidUrbanizationandIndustrialization.
DuringDryseason,watershortage&rationing
Tocope:InterStatesupply;demand
S
l d
d
management;&efficientwaterusei.e.
waterrecycling
NEEDTOREDUCEWATERABUSE
PotablewaterforPotableUses
ReclaimedWaterforNonPotableUse
(C) IWK/PED/0912
mm precipitation annually
y Rivers = >150 rivers
(Sources: http://www.climatetemp.info/malaysia/)
RECENTCONTRADICTORYSCENARIOS
(C) IWK/PED/0912
WaterDemand(thousand
dMLD)
30
25
20
Potable
Irrigation
15
OtherCrops
10
Livestock
Fisheries
5
0
2010
2020
2030
Year
2040
2050
Direct
Extraction
fromRiver
12 620 MLD
12,620MLD
(4000 MLD)
RainWater
Harvesting
StorageDams
Storage
Dams
2,274MLD
GroundWater
204MLD
Seawater
(desalination)
(C) IWK/PED/0912
PRESENTATION STRUCTURE
Introduction
Wastewater as an Alternative
Water Source for Non Potable
Use
Issues,, Challenges
g and
Lessons Learnt
Way Forward & Summary
(C) IWK/PED/0912
AGRICULTUREREUSE
MUNICIPALREUSE
INDUSTRIALREUSE
Crop
CropIrrigation
Irrigation
HighestDemandin
China,Mexico,India
Reliablesupply
Lowcost
Nutrientrich
2nd
2ndWATER
WATER
Fillingrecreational
parks
Washingtrucksand
t i
trains
Streetwashingand
draincleaning
Park Irrigation
ParkIrrigation
HIGHQUALITY
WATER
DrinkingWater
supply
l
Private
Privatesectordriven
sector driven
Welldefinedneeds
andrequirements
Coolingpurpose
gp p
Steamgeneration
Processwater
Sustainability
Use of Technology in alternative sources
Reduces
R
d
tensions
i
and
d stress on potable
bl water supply
l
Reduces demand on potable water for non potable use
Improve potable water demand management for the public/community.
L
Lower
costt for
f non potable
t bl use, particularly
ti l l for
f municipal
i i l reuse.
Reduceof
water
stress
(C) IWK/PED/0912
Use of
te
echnology
Sustainable
Water
Resource
Development
Natural
resources
- Reliable supply
- Alternative sources of water
- Reliable supply
- Zero discharge
- Additional revenue
- Increased production
- Attraction of FDI
(C) IWK/PED/0912
Rank Country
A Wastewater
Reclamation facility in
Sydeny Australia. Uses
Continuous MF & RO to
produce 20ML D of
reclaimed effluent for
industrial reuse by
BlueScope Steel.
Reduces potable water
use by 60%
A Wastewater
Reclamation facility in
Sulaibiya Kuwait.
375,000 m3/d ultrafiltration and reverse
osmosis.
Santa Carla California 10% wastewater ((60MLD))
is recycled through South
Bay Water Recycling
pipelines for landscaping,
agricultural irrigation, and
industrial needs
NeWater facility in
Singapore.
Uses Advanced dualmembrane
(microfiltration
& reverse osmosis) and
ultraviolet disinfection
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
USA
S. Arabia
Egypt
Syria
Israel
Spain
Mexico
China
Japan
Tunisia
UAE
Australia
Korea, Rep
Kuwait
Iran
Chile
Peru
Jordan
Turkey
Argentina (1)
Italy
Libya
Qatar
Yemen
Germany (1)
SA (1)
Singapore
Oman
Cyprus
Bolivia
Bahrain
UK (1)
Namibia
Greece
Brazil (1)
France
Malta
Palestine
Belgium (1)
Morocco
Lebanon
Poland
Guatemala
Treated Country
waste-water
reused
d m3/d
7,600,000
1,847,000
1,780,821
1,014,000
1,014,000
821,920
767,280
670,000
573,800
512,328
506,850
456,100
430,000
424,657
420,000
320,000
280,100
,
225,000
136,986
129,600
123,288
110,000
105,600
92,000
,
86,400
82,195
75,000
71, 200
68,493
43,200
41,100
40,000
35,520
28,000
23,330
19,178
10,960
8 750
8,750
6,950
6,600
5,500
2,740
1,460
Qatar
Israel
Kuwait
UAE
Cyprus
S. Arabia
Bahrain
Syria
Tunisia
Jordan
Malta
Oman
USA
Egypt
Australia
Spain
Chile
Namibia
Libya
Singapore
Peru
Korea, Rep
Mexico
Iran
Bolivia
Japan
Yemen
Argentina (1)
Palestine
Greece
Italy
Turkey
SA (1)
Lebanon
Germany (1)
Belgium (1)
UK (1)
China
France
Morocco
Brazil (1)
Guatemala
Poland
Treated Country
wastewater
reused
d
m3/million
capita
170,323
166,230
163,330
126,713
88,952
75,081
56,301
55,109
51,233
40,179
27,400
27,385
25,486
24,395
22,805
20,436
19,876
,
19,733
18,966
17,442
10,163
9,024
7,259
6,000
,
4,800
4,479
4,444
3,375
2,734
2,624
2,163
2,011
1,771
1,528
1,048
671
662
510
320
213
127
119
71
Kuwait
Israel
Singapore
Qatar
Cyprus
Jordon
UAE
Malta
Tunisia
S. Arabia
Namibia
Bahrain
Oman
Syria
Bolivia
Egypt
Libya
y
Chile
Korea, Rep
Spain
Australia
USA
Peru
Yemen
Mexico
SA (1)
Japan
Iran
Argentina (1)
UK (1)
Lebanon
Turkey
Greece
Italy
Germany (1)
China
Belgium (1)
Guatemala
Morocco
France
Brazil (1)
Poland
Treated
wastewater
reuse as % off
the total
water
extraction
35.2
18.1
14.4
13.3
10.4
8.1
8.0
7.8
7.1
5.5
4.3
4.2
1.9
1.9
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
(C) IWK/PED/0912
PostIntervention
99%
79%
97%
85%
82%
89%
80%
67%
64%
52% 52%
52%
28%
Aquaculture
24%
Hydroponic
Agriculture
Irrigationof HeatRegulating
nonfoodCrops forIndustry
IncreaseinPositiveResponsesafterintervention,exceptforreuseintoiletflushing
andhydroponicagriculture.IndicatesNiMBY(notinmybackyard)syndrome
Overallhighacceptancetowardsnonfoodrelatedindustrialapplications
(C) IWK/PED/0912
8
7
PreIntervention
PostIntervention
6
5
3
2
Hygiene
4
3
Religious
Acceptance
Culture
Proximitywith Frequencyof
Transitory Germs&Toxics Odour/Smell
Product
Contact(by
Contactwith
Workers)
Products(Non
Workers)
TheTopFactorsofConcernwerewithReligiousEndorsementonReuse,Hygieneof
ReuseProducts,Odor,Germs&Toxicsthatareperceivedinthesewagebyproducts
(C) IWK/PED/0912
KEDAH
PULAU PINANG
KELANTAN
PERAK
LABUAN
TERENGGANU
PAHANG
SELANGOR
WP KUALA LUMPUR
NEGERI SEMBILAN
MELAKA
JOHOR
PUBLIC STPs
(C) IWK/PED/0912
REGIONAL STPs
*Average Bioeffluent
ff
((Before
f
RO)
Average
after RO
O
WHO
MOH
O
BOD
mg/l
27
NA
NA
COD
mg/l
80
20
NA
NA
SS
mg/l
22
0.2
NA
NA
Ammoniacal
Nitrogen
mg/l
32
2.5
1.5
0.5
Turbidity
NTU
100
<0.7
Iron
mg/l
0.08
<0.01
0.3
0.3
Manganese
mg/l
0.1
<0.03
0.5
0.1
Copper
mg/l
0.04
<0.01
Zinc
mg/l
0.1
0.02
Silica
mg/l
0.5
10
10
Hardness
mg/l
97.46
12.08
30
500
Aluminium
mg/l
NA
<0.03
0.2
0.2
Chloride
mg/l
NA
<1
250
250
Hazen
NA
<5
15
15
H2S
mg/l
NA
<0 01
<0.01
0 05
0.05
0 05
0.05
Sodium
mg/l
NA
5.58
200
200
Sulfate
mg/l
NA
1.75
400
400
TDS
mg/l
NA
12.9
1000
1000
Flouride
mg/l
NA
0.07
1.5
0.9
Parameters
Colour
RO
u n it
RO Units
Note: the above data is based on values compiled from a pilot project at Shah Alam STP in 2003;
NA refers to Not Applicable. * refers to data of average/feed into RO or final effluent of which
some of parameters were not applicable to be monitored as not required by DOE Std B.
(C) IWK/PED/0912
Integratedwater,wastewaterandreuse.Integration
Inreality,manydrinkingwatersuppliesalreadycontain
facilitatetheeconomicsofscaleandallowoptimizationof
wastewatereffluentfromupstreamsources.Thisis
(C) IWK/PED/0912
environmentandexpenditure.
incidental,unplanned,indirectpotablereuse.
Wastewater
Treatment Plant
(C) IWK/PED/0912
GolfClub
Effluent
KLR354
KLR 354 - Damansara STP
Uses Oxidation Ditch
Activated Sludge Systems
to produce high quality
treated effluent
effl ent (Std A)
Currently : 15,907 m3/day
treated effluent is released
and not recycled
IndustrialZone
Potential Water Reuse
Application to Golf Course
Landscape and Industrial
Zone in Petaling Jaya.
(C) IWK/PED/0912
(C) IWK/PED/0912
PRESENTATION STRUCTURE
Introduction
Wastewater as an Alternative
Water Source for Non Potable
U in
Use
i Malaysia
M l
i
Issues,, Challenges
g and
Lessons Learnt
Way Forward & Summary
(C) IWK/PED/0912
Absenceof
Guidelines&
Standards
Legaland
Policy
Aspects
Issues&
Challenges
Funding&
T iff
Tariff
Stakeholder
Acceptance
p
Technological
(C) IWK/PED/0912
Lackof
Scientific&
T h i l
Technical
Data
No Acts or
Regulations; land
issues, conflicts in
services
se
ces p
provisions
o so s
Local
scientific data
and
information to
support large
scale viable
applications is
inadequate
Capability
Reuse Application
ReuseApplication
Membranetechnology
MF/UF/Nano/RO
Highestremoval oflarge
moleculesorions
Semiconductor,refineries
Laboratory,Pharmaceutical
Flotationtechnology
DAF
Removalofsuspended
matters
Papermill,textile
Mediatechnology
Sand,gravel,fiber,etc
Removalofsolidsand
organics
Utility washing&
landscaping
(C) IWK/PED/0912
3.
4.
5.
6.
7
7.
8.
27
(C) IWK/PED/0912
TREATMENT REQUIREMENT
Tertiary
Treatment
((MF or/andRO)
/
)
Treated
Wastewater
Effluent
Sand
Filtration
Disinfection
a) StreetCleaning/Construction
b) Drain Cleaning
b)DrainCleaning
c)Landscaping
d)RecreationalImpoundment
e)VehicleWashing
f)Indirectpotableuse
groundwaterrecharge/
environmental lake
Process
Specific(user
defined)
f
)
1.Municipal use
2.IndustrialUse
a)Processwater
b)CoolingPurpose
c)Boiler
3. AgricultureUse
g
a)Irrigationfornonfoodcrops
b) Aquaculture(ornamental)
Types of applications
Water demand/requirements
Methods of reuse and applications
Environmental factors
Locations of applications site
Additi
Additional
l iinfrastructure/facilities
f t t /f iliti
Method of supply and rate/price
Assume Water Supply is potable water tariff varies from RM 0.80 per
cu.m (SAINS) to RM 2.80 per cu.m (SAJ)
The cost of using potable water can be saved
saved. The quantum of cost
savings depends on the factors above. Majority of international water
reuse recorded savings up to 25% of potable water rates.
PRESENTATION STRUCTURE
Introduction
Wastewater as an Alternatives
Water Resources for Non
P t bl U
Potable
Use
Issues,, Challenges
g and
Lessons Learnt
Way Forward & Summary
(C) IWK/PED/0912
Way Forward
Institutional strengthening
Implement Demo/Pilot Projects
Gain
government
support
S
SewageByProductsReuse,AreWeReady?
B P d t R
A W R d ?
YES
As
Aslongasminimaldirectcontactwiththeby
long as minimal direct contact with the byproducts
products.
Enhancedacceptancethroughinterventionprogrammes
whichareeducationalinnaturetoemphasizethebigpicture
ofenvironmentalconservation.
Thepubliciswillingtocontributetowardsagreen
environment,andnotnecessarilyadverse
environment,andnotnecessarilyadversetowardsreuseof
i
t d t
il d
t
towardsreuseof
d
f
sewagebyproducts.
sewageby
GovernmentPoliciesand
IncentivesforReplication
ofReuseofTreated
Wastewatern E.g.
EstablishGT/3RFund
Promote
Promotemultistakeholder
multi stakeholder
collaboration.ImplementDemo/Pilot
GreenTechnologyforWastewater
ReusetointensifyR&D,Local
gy
p
TechnologyDevelopmentand
ConductStakeholdersengagementto
CreateBuyin.DevelopGuidelines.
FurtherGrowthinReuse
D
Demands,developmentof
d d l
t f
moreadvancerecycling
technology,sustainable
environmentandsewerage
services
(C) IWK/PED/0912