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Fdmux Satcomm1988
Fdmux Satcomm1988
6, 283-288 (1988)
SUMMARY
A hierarchical multistage method (HMM) for digital clemultiplexing of an FDM signal composed of
L adjacent SCPC signals is described; L is (preferably) a power of two, here L=32. This I-IMM
approach to FDM dernultiplexing applies bandpass sampling and is based on the processing of complexvalued signals by linear-phase FIR filters, where at any stage of processing the respective signals are
always oversampled by two. The simulation results fully confirm the predicted system performance.
An electrical demonstration model constructed by cascading six identical specially designed signal
processors is being built.
FDM demultiplexing Multistage approach Analytic signal processing Oversampling Bandpass
sampling scheme
KEY WORDS
INTRODUCTION
In North America, Japan and Europe digital communications with mobile vehicles via satellite is
currently being investigated.l-' A forward link takes
messages from an earth-station to the satellite, which
retransmits to mobiles; a return link begins at the
mobile, goes up to the satellite and is returned to
the earth-station. The satellite will use spot-beams
to achieve power gain and to facilitate frequency
reuse. Forward links are expected to employ TDM
techniques. A mobile will acquire one such TDM
signal and extract its own traffic from it. Each active
mobile within a spot-beam will be assigned a
different operating centre frequency, applying a
channel frequency spacing of width B. In essence, the
mobile-generated signals gain simultaneous access to
the system by frequency multiplexing and by space
discrimination afforded by the satellite-antenna
pattern.
Following Reference 5 , it is assumed that the
satellite has 19 spot-beams, that up to 3600 mobiles
are to be served simultaneously, and that up to 800
mobiles may be served in a single beam with a
channel frequency spacing of
The last requirement is consistent with appropriately
shaped QPSK signals having a data rate of 9.6 kbls
to be applied in each mobile transmitter: square
root of 40% cosine roll-off filtering in conjunction
with a maxinium frequency offset of 2600 Hz due
to factors such as Doppler shift and oscillator
instabilities.
Simple translation of the FDM uplink at L-band
to C-band would be an inefficient use of power and
0737-28841881030283-06$05 .OO
0 1988 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
antenna
i
i
II
&fG
fsi = LLB
Transrnultiplexer TMUX
Figure 1. Block diagram of a multi-carrier demodulator for L channels, applying cligital signal processing (return link). AAF, analogue
anti-aliasing bandpass filter; fs,, f&,:,,,,
input and output sampling frequency of demultiplcxer (FDM DEMUX); fA, centre frequency of
AA F
with the sampling theorem, using a fast sample-andhold (SIH) circuit cascaded by a relatively slow
analogue-to-digital (AID) converter. Rather than
the minimum possible sampling rate, however,
subsequently oversampling by a factor of two is
applied at the DEMUX input. With this approach
the specifications of the A A F and DEMUX filters
are greatly relaxed; they are relaxed further if the
transition from real to complex (analytic) signal
processing is performed as close to the DEMUX
input as possible. l
Therefore the present TMUX design problem
may be stated as follows: Design a highly modular,
32-channel HMM DEMUX for real input and
complex output sequences. Apply complex signal
processing with oversampling by a factor of two
throughout the DEMUX. Select the A A F centre
frequency f, and the channel allocation within the
A A F passband relative to the input sampling rate,
(4)
and
Stage: K = 0 (DAF)
II
Ill
1V
Figure 2. Overall block diagram of HMM-DEMUX with one real input and 32 complex output ports, constructed from one DAF for
preprocessing and 31 identical I~ierarchicallycascaded HMM cells, which all operate at a stage individual sampling rate AT1 = l/T"+'
limitation, which is accomplished by a non-decimating linear-phase FIR half-band filter with complex
coefficients.12 (This half-band filter is not included
in Figure 2.)
The filters of the HMM-DEMUX have been
designed such that a ~ninimumsignal-to-noise ratio
of 30 dB is achievecl for all 32 DEMUX output
signals after final band-limitation. Thereby an ideal
FDM signal is anticipated at the input port of the
A A F in front of the AID converter. As a result,
the D A F and HMM prototype calls for a symmetric
FIR half-band filter of length 11, whereas the length
of the symmetric half-band filter for final bandlimitation should not be shorter than 19. Figure 4
shows, as an example, the attenuation response of
the DAF.
@
I
{o,I,u,~,Iv,v}
@
Ia d +
IS,[~")I
Shift of spectrum
5' = L5
, T' =
by t fgf112 :
Figure 3. Spectral representation of HMM-DEMUX according to Figure 2: (a) prototype half-band filter for all stages, (b) pieprocessing
by DAF (stage 1<=0),(c) HMM stages KE{I,II,III,IV,V}; h is tile slot number of the particular HMM stage; K-I refers to the preceding
stage and !c-t-I to the following stage
The reported results have been verified by extensive simulation of the system, taking into account
the impact of the analogue anti-aliasing filter, as
can be seen from Table I. An electrical demonstration ~noclelof the DEMUX has been constructed
by cascading six identical versatile stage processors
(VSP), as outlined in Figure 5. Each VSP performs
all
operations
of
the
respective
stage
KE{O,I,II,III,IV,V)of the HMM-DEMUX by applying an appropriate niultiplexing scheme. Test results
for digital hardware have been found to agree with
the simulation results.
CONCLUSION
This paper has described a hierarchical multistage
Inethod (HMM), a very efficient and highly modular
Figure 4. Attenuation response o l D A F with coefficients scaled up by 2 and shortened to HI$' = 10 bit, showing rounded coefficients
(solid line) and coefficients obtained by d~screteoptimization (dashed line)
Set 1
w,=16 bit
Set 2
w,=10 bit
Set 3
w,=16 bit
Stoge:
OAF101
HMM I
Easily tsstobta
HMMII
HMMlll
HMMN
HMMV
Slotsomplingrote:
Degree of rnultipl@xing:
fS1
16
3.
4.
5.
6.