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Group : Paediatric
Babies who are born prematurely more than three weeks before due date or
have a low birth weight
Breast-fed babies who aren't given complementary foods containing iron after age 6
months
Children ages 1 to 5 that drink more than 24 ounces (710 milliliters) of cow's milk,
goat's milk or soy milk a day
Children who have certain health conditions, such as chronic infections or restricted
diets
Symptoms
Initially iron deficiency anaemia can be mild and unnoticeable. As the body iron store become
more deficient and anaemia worsen our body will slowly starts to produce symptoms. The
symptoms may include:
Feeling grumpy
Feeling weak or tired more often than usual, or with exercise
Headaches
Problems concentrating or thinking
As the anaemia gets worse, more symptoms will appear such as:
Test
Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are typically diagnosed through blood tests. The
American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all infants be tested for iron deficiency
anemia starting between ages 9 months and 12 months and, for those who have risk factors
for iron deficiency, again at later ages.
The test includes:
1. Complete blood count
2. Iron study (Ferritin level, serum iron level, iron binding capacity)
Age
Hemoglobin (g/dl)
Birth
14.9 23.7
2 months
9.4-13.0
12 months
11.3 -14.1
2 - 6 years
11.5 - 13.5
6 - 12 years
11.5 - 15.5
12 - 18 years girl
12.0 - 16.0
12 - 18 years boy
13.0 - 16.0
Treatment
Treatment may include taking iron supplements and eating iron-rich foods.
Iron-rich foods
Chicken
Fish
Peanut butter
Soybeans
Whole-grain bread
Oatmeal
Iron supplements such as syrup ferrous ammonium citrate is most commonly prescribed by
doctor to treat iron deficiency anaemia. If failure to correct the anaemia after started the
medication it can be because of
non-compliance to medications
Inadequate iron dosage
Impaired absorption
Incorrect diagnosis
Outcome
Outcome is good with treatment but it depends on cause as well
Prevention
Risk of iron deficiency anemia can be reduce by taking iron-rich food & food that contain
vitamin C to enhance iron absorption.
Broccoli
Grapefruit
Kiwi
Leafy greens
Melons
Oranges
Peppers
Strawberries
Tangerines
Tomatoes
Reference
Iron and iron deficiency. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/basics/vitamins/iron.html. Accessed Sept. 11, 2013.
Brittenham GM. Disorders of iron homeostasis: iron deficiency and overload. In: Hoffman R,
Benz EJ Jr, Silberstein LE, et al., eds.Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice
Paediatric Protocols for Malaysian Hospitals 3rd Edition. Hussain Imam Hj Muhammad
Ismail, Ng Hoong Phak, Terrence Thomas.