Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Oogenesis, Ovulation, Fertilization & Implantation (MED 1112)
Oogenesis, Ovulation, Fertilization & Implantation (MED 1112)
General Embryology
General Embryology
Oogenesis,
Ovulation, Fertilization and Implantation
Prof Dr.N.Jeyaseelan
Faculty of Medicine
SEGi University.
Learning outcome
At the end of this session, the student should be able to,
1.Explain oogenesis, ovulation and corpus luteum.
2.Describe the capacitation and acrosome reaction.
3. Define fertilization and discuss the three phases of fertilization.
4.Explain the results of fertilization.
5.Explain cleavage, inner cell mass, outer cell mass, blastocyst and
implantation.
6.Clinical correlates Discuss middle pain, infertility in females, in vitro
fertilization, test tube baby, Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT),
Ectopic pregnancy, tubal ligation.
Oogenesis
What is Oogenesis?
Oogenesis is the formation and development of
the ovum.
Primordial germ cells in the gonad of a genetic
female differentiate into oogonia (Fig.1).
These cells undergo mitotic divisions and some of
them differentiate into primary oocytes (Fig.1).
Fig. 2
Fig.3
Ovulation
Ovulation is the discharge of the oocyte from the
ovary (Fig.3).
Fig. 4
Ovulation
What is puberty?
Puberty is the sequence of events by which a
child is transformed into young adult.
Gametogenesis (in males) oogenesis (in
females) begin as well as secretion of gonadal
hormones.
Growth of secondary sexual characters and
development of reproductive functions.
12 years in girls
14 years in boys
Fig.5
Corpus luteum
Fig.6
Transport of oocyte
Fig.7
A Ovary
B Uterine tube
(Fallopian tube)
C Uterine lumen
D - Vagina
Fertilization
(Fig.8).
Fig. 8
Uterine tube
2. Acrosome reaction.
1. Capacitation
It is a period of conditioning in the female
reproductive tract that lasts approximately 7
hours.
During this time a glycoprotein coat and
seminal plasma proteins are removed from
the plasma membrane that overlies the
acrosomal region of spermatozoa.
Only capacitated sperm can pass through the
corona cells and undergo acrosome reaction.
2 .Acrosome reaction
This reaction culminates in the release of enzymes
needed to penetrate the zona pellucida.
Fig. 9
Fig.10
Cleavage
Once the zygote has reached a two-cell stage it
Blastomeres
The cells which become smaller with each
embryo proper .
The outer cell mass forms the trophoblast which
Fig.12
Blastocyst
By the time the morula enters the uterine
blastocyst (Fig.12).
The cells of the inner cell mass is now referred
Implantation
Attachment of the fertilized ovum (blastocyst)
to the endometrium of uterus and its subsequent
embedding in the compact layer.
It occurs six or seven days after fertilization of
the ovum.
Fig.13
Clinical Correlates
1. In some women, ovulation is accompanied by slight
pain, known as middle pain and this event
normally occurs near the middle of the menstrual
cycle.
2. Ovulation is generally accompanied by a rise in basal
temperature, an event that can be monitored in
determining when release of the oocyte occurs.
3. Some women fail to ovulate due to diminished
concentration of gonadotropin.
4. Fertilization can be prevented by a variety of
contraceptive methods.
Fig. 14
8. Ectopic pregnancy
Implantation and growth of the fertilised ovum
Fig 15.
Ectopic Pregnancy
9. Tubal ligation
Ligation and division of the uterine tubes is a
Fig. 16
Tubal ligation
Reference Book
1. Langman's Medical Embryology 12th ed. - T.
Sadler (Lippincott, 2012).