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Electromagnetic Radiation in Modern Medicine Physical
Electromagnetic Radiation in Modern Medicine Physical
Electromagnetic Radiation in Modern Medicine Physical
Review Article
Faculty of Public Health, Stanisaw Staszic College of Public Administration, Biaystok, Poland
Department of Rehabilitation, Medical University, Biaystok, Poland
c
Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Biaystok, Poland
d
Department of Allergy, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
e
Department of Respiratory Diagnostics and Bronchoscopy, Medical University, Biaystok, Poland
b
ab st rac t
Article history:
Keywords:
Materials and methods: Available literature on EMR has been reviewed and grouped
Electromagnetic
thematically.
Radiation
Results and discussion: The electromagnetic spectrum is divided into radio waves, micro-
Physical Biophysical
waves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-, gamma- and cosmic rays. Electromagnetic waves
Properties
Modern
Depending on the medium, EMR may decelerate, reflect, refract, diffract, interfere or
Medicine
polarize. These phenomena apply to EMWs (light waves), pressure and water waves. The
wave-particle duality of radiation is widely accepted and explains its nature and mechanism of action. Principles of quantum mechanics help to predict the potential biological
impact of EMR.
Conclusions: From humble beginnings, more than 100 years ago, EMR has become an
important component of modern medicine. Therefore, there exists an urgent need for
education and better understanding with respect to its principles and applications.
& 2012 Warminsko-Mazurska Izba Lekarska w Olsztynie. Published by Elsevier Urban & Partner
Sp. z o.o. All rights reserved.
n
Correspondence to: Department of Respiratory Diagnostics and Bronchoscopy, Medical University, Waszyngtona 17, 15274 Biaystok,
Poland. Tel.: 48 608 255 565.
E-mail address: rutkowski@csk.pl (R. Rutkowski).
1
Home address: Starobojarska 20/6, 15073 Biaystok, Poland.
1230-8013/$ - see front matter & 2012 Warminsko-Mazurska Izba Lekarska w Olsztynie. Published by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. z o.o.
All rights reserved.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poamed.2012.07.002
140
1.
Introduction
2.
3.
Aim
4.
4.1.
Wavelengths (m)
Frequencies (MHz)
AM radio waves
TV waves
FM radio waves
Cell phone
waves
Satellite radio
waves
WiFi waves
Radar waves
560190
5.500.33
3.402.78
0.43, 0.35, 0.18, 0.16,
0.14
0.1290.128
0.5401.600
54890
88.1108.1
700, 850, 1700, 1900,
2100
23202345
0.1240.121
3000.001
24122480
1300 000
4.2.
Wavelengths (lm)
Frequencies
( 1014 Hz)
Far IR
IR-C
IR-B
IR-A
100010
10.03.0
3.01.4
1.40.7
3 1030.3
0.31.0
1.002.14
2.144.28
Wavelengths (nm)
Frequencies
( 1014 Hz)
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Violet
780625
625590
590565
565500
500435
435380
3.84.8
4.85.1
5.15.3
5.36.0
6.06.9
6.97.9
Wavelengths (nm)
Frequencies
( 1014 Hz)
UVA
UVB
UVC
Vacuum UV
Extreme UV
Soft X-ray
400320
320280
280200
20050
802.5
4.50.15
7.459.37
9.3710.7
10.715.0
15.060.0
37.51.2 103
(0.72.0) 104
141
4.3.
142
4.4.
5.
Conclusions
From humble beginnings, more than 100 years ago, EMR has
become the lynchpin of modern medicine, diagnostics and
physiotherapy. Educating healthcare professionals and an
improved understanding of EMR principles and applications
are, therefore, needed.
Conflict of interest
None declared.
references