The results show the resonance of frequency of spring in 4 conditions which are no damped, open

damped (150mm), closed damped (150mm) and closed damped (550mm). In order to obtain the result,
we calculate the natural frequency, resonance frequency, frequency ratio and non-dimensional amplitude.
all the data are convert into a table which consists of Frequency , resonance frequency, frequency ratio,
and non-dimensional amplitude. Based from the graph of amplitude versus frequency (Graph 1) we can
said that the maximum amplitude only occur at 8-11 Hz while from the graph of non-dimensional
amplitude versus frequency ratio (Graph 2) we can said that the pattern are almost the same as the
previous graph.
The theory are accepted although our graph are slightly different from the theoretical graph of
amplitude versus frequency and non-dimensional amplitude versus frequency ratio. The differences that
occur maybe due to the random error. As for random error, we can said that the elasticity of spring in the
machine has decrease from the actual value because it had been used for many times before. This may
affect the oscillation of the beam during the experiment and this also may result in the variant of data.
Random error also occurred when the frequency of the control unit system become higher. In that
condition, the sensitivity of the pencil that is attached to the graph paper becomes loose and this caused
the graph to be inaccurate.
The results that we get are expected because there are not big differences between theoretical
graph of amplitude versus frequency and non-dimensional amplitude versus frequency ratio. Avoiding
resonance disasters is a major concern in every building, tower and bridge construction project.
The Taipei 101 building relies on a 660-ton pendulum( a tuned mass damper)to modify the response at
resonance. Furthermore, the structure is designed to resonate at a frequency which does not typically
occur. Buildings in seismic zones are often constructed to take into account the oscillating frequencies of
expected ground motion.

The results shows the elastic modulus for Mild Steel, Brass and Aluminum by method of
deflection.. By taking the deflection of the beam, we can calculate its elastic modulus.There are
only small differences between the theoretical results and experimental results, so the theory
cannot be argue. The highest percentage error in this experiment is 17.4% for which is for Mild
Steel beam. The theoretical results is 210GPa while the experimental results is 173.5GPa. For
Brass beam the percentage error is 1% and for Aluminum beam is 8.6%. The reason of error is
inaccuracy when in measurement. This is likely a human error that occur when the eye of the
observer is not perpendicular to the dial callipers. As for random error, we can said that the
elasticity of beam has change from the actual value because it had been used for many times
before. This may affect the deflection of the beam during the experiment and this also may result
in the variant of data.
This result was expected because it is very similar to tensile stress experiment. We also can
determine the modulus of elasticity using tensile stress experiment. When you load a piece of
steel, for instance, it stretches but as soon as you take off the load it returns to its original length,
just like a spring. Also, if you load the piece of steel too much it becomes permanently deformed
and does not return to the original length when the load is removed. The piece of steel will
stretches until a certain point and it will fracture.

As a conclusion, we can say that this experimental approach is a success because

there is only small differences between theoretical and experimental values.
Moreover, we also manage to achieve the objective of this experiment which is to
determine the elastic modulus of beam specimen by method of deflection of Mild
Steel, Aluminum and Brass. As the implications of results, calculating the modulus
elasticity is important in order to make full use of the compressive strength potential.

Furthermore, knowledge of the modulus of elasticity is very important in avoiding excessive

deformation, providing satisfactory serviceability and achieving the most cost-effective designs..
For a better accuracy of results, students also has to consider the corrosion of the
beam and make sure that the load are in static condition when reading the dial
calipers.