EE 173 | Electronics Circuit II

YU, LUCILLE G.
BSEC-4

oOO

D9.4 Design an inverting op-amp circuit with a voltage gain of Av = vo / vI = 8. When the input voltage is vI = -1 V, the maximum current in R1 and
R2 must be no larger than 15. Determine the minimum values of R1
and R2.
Solution:

For the ideal inverting op-amp, the closed-loop voltage gain Av is a

function of the ratio of two resistors.

Av =

2
1

= 8

(Eqn 1.1)

Rearranging Eqn 1 to get an expression for R2 in terms of R1 :

(Eqn 1.2)

R2 = 8R1

v1 must be approximately zero volts (virtual ground), for vI = -1,

i1 =

1
1

0
1

1
1

= 15

Therefore,
R1 =

1
15

= 66.7 k

Also, from Eqn 1.2 :

R2 = 8(R1) = 8(66.7) = 533.3 k

Answer :

The minimum values for R1 and R2 are 66.7 k and 533.3 k.

D9.8 Design an inverting amplifier to provide a nominal closed-loop voltage

gain of Av = -30. The maximum input voltage signal is 25 millivolts
with a source resistance in the range 1k RS 2k. The variable
source resistance should introduce no more than a 5 percent difference in
the gain factor. What is the range in output voltage?
Solution:

The signal source resistance is in series with the input R1, so the
closed-loop gain is given by:
Av =

2
1+

(Eqn 2.1)

EE 173 | Electronics Circuit II

YU, LUCILLE G.
BSEC-4

oOO

It is stated in the problem that the percent difference in the gain factor
should not be more than 5%, so a 2.5% standard deviation is introduced
by variable source resistance, RS.
Av = -30 2.5% = -30 0.75
29.25 | Av | 30.75

(Eqn 2.2)
2

So, from Eqn 2.1 and 2.2:

1+2
2

And,

1+1

= 29.25

(Eqn 2.3)

= 30.75

(Eqn 2.4)

Having R2 as a common term, we equate Eqn 2.3 and 2.4 to get the value
of R1. We have
R2 = 29.25(R1 + 2) = 30.75(R1 + 1)
29.25R1 + 58.50 = 30.75R1 + 30.75
1.5 R1 = 27.75
R1 = 18.5
Which yields R1 = 18.5 k and R2 = 29.25(R1 + 2) = 599.63 k.
For vI = 25mV, using Eqn 2.1 to get the value of Vo,
Av =

2
1+

, Vo =

2
1+

VI

in the range of 1k RS 2k,

IF Rs = 1 k, Vo =
IF Rs = 2 k, Vo =

2
1+
2
1+

VI =
VI =

599.63 k
18.5 k+ 1 k
599.63 k
18.5 k+ 2 k

(0.025 ) = 0.769 V
(0.025 ) = 0.731 V

then 0.731 V | vO | 0.769 V

Answer:

The range in output voltage is 0.731 V | vO | 0.769 V.

EE 173 | Electronics Circuit II

YU, LUCILLE G.
BSEC-4

oOO

D9.12 Consider the ideal inverting op-amp circuit with T-network in Figure
9.11.

(a) Design the circuit such that the input resistance is 500k and the gain
is of Av = -80.
Do not use resistor values greater than 500k.
(b) For the design in part (a), determine the current in each resistor if vI =
0.05 V.

Solution:
(a)

The analysis of this circuit is similar to that of the inverting op-amp

circuit. At the input, we have
i1 =

(Eqn 3.1)

= i2
2

VX = v1 - i2R2 = 0 i2R2 = -V1( )

(Eqn 3.2)

Summing all the currents at the node vx,

i2 + i4 = i3

(Eqn 3.3)

Eqn 3.3 can be written in terms of vx, vo and the resistors:

or (

=
1
4

(Eqn 3.4)

)=
3

(Eqn 3.5)

EE 173 | Electronics Circuit II

YU, LUCILLE G.
BSEC-4

oOO

Substituting the expression for Vx from Eqn 3.2, we obtain

2

-VI ( ) ( +
1
2

)=
3

(Eqn 3.6)

The closed-loop voltage gain for a T-network configuration is:

Av =

2
1

(1 +

(Eqn 3.7)

Av = -80; R1 = 500 k,
substituting the value of Av and R1 to Eqn 3.7 :
80 =

2
500

(1 +

3
4

3
2

Set R2 = R3 = 500 k
80 =

500
500

80 = 1 (1 +
80 = 2 +

(1 +
500
4

500
500

+ 1)

500
4

Therefore, R4 =
(b)

500

500k
(802)

= 6.41 k.

For vI = -0.05 V
From Eqn 3.1, i1 =
i1 = i2 =

0.05
500

= i2

= 0.1

From Eqn 3.2, vx = 0 - i2R2 = - (-0.1 x 10-6)(500 x 103) = 0.05 V

i4 =

0.05
6.41 103

= 7.80

i3 = i2 + i4 = -0.1 7.80 = -7.90

EE 173 | Electronics Circuit II

YU, LUCILLE G.
BSEC-4

oOO

Answers:
(a)
(b)

The value of R4 in the circuit should be 6.41 k in order to have a

gain of Av = -80 with an input resistance of 500k.
Given that vI = - 0.05 V, the current in each resistor should be :
i1 = i2 = 0.1
i3
= 7.90
i4
= 7.80

*9.16 The circuit in Figure P9.16 is similar to the inverting amplifier except the
resistor R3 has been added.

(a) Derive the expression for vO in terms of vI and the resistors.

(b) Derive the expression for i3 in terms of vI and the resistors.

EE 173 | Electronics Circuit II

YU, LUCILLE G.
BSEC-4

oOO

Solution:
(a)

i1 =

2 =

Since the current into the op-amp is assumed to be zero, current i1 must
flow through the resistor R2 to the output terminal, consequentially, i1 should be

equal to i2, giving

. Rearranging the equation, the input and output

voltages on the left and the resistance values on the right, we obtain:
Therefore, Vo =

(b)

i 2 = i1 =

2
1

2
1

(Eqn 4.1)

VI

= i3 +

, by KCL at this node

:
Replacing the value of VO from Eqn 4.1,

= i3 +

(Eqn 4.2)

)VI

Then, getting the value of i3 from Eqn 4.2,

i3 =
i3 =
i3 =

( 1) VI

( )

1
2

(1 +

Answers:
(a) The expression for vO in terms of vI and the resistors is Vo =
(b) The expression for i3 in terms of vI and the resistors is
i3 =

(1 +

).

2
1

VI .

EE 173 | Electronics Circuit II

YU, LUCILLE G.
BSEC-4

oOO

D9.20 Design an ideal inverting summing amplifier to produce an output

voltage of vo = -2 (4vI1 + vI2 + 2.5vI3). Design the circuit to produce the
largest possible input resistance, assuming the largest usable resistance
value is 500k.

Solution:

Simplifying the equation for vo :

vo
=
-8vI1 - 2vI2 - 5vI3

(Eqn 5.1)

Using the superposition theorem, the output voltage due to each

input for an ideal inverting summing amplifier is given by:
vo

vI1

vI2

vI3

(Eqn 5.2)

Seeing the coefficients of vI1, vI2, and vI3 in Eqn 5.1 and 5.2,
(a)

=8

()

= 2 ()

=5

Letting RF = 500k:

Answers:

Therefore,
(a)

R1 =
R2 =
R3 =

=
=
=

500k
8
500k
2
500k
5

= 62.5 k
= 250 k
= 100 k

EE 173 | Electronics Circuit II

YU, LUCILLE G.
BSEC-4

oOO

D9.24
A summing amplifier can be used as a
digital-to-analog converter (DAC). An
example of a 4-bit DAC is shown in Figure
P9.24. When switch S3 is connected to the -5
V supply, the most significant bit is a3 = 1;
when S3 is connected to ground, the most
significant bit is a3 = 0. The same condition
applies to the other switches S2, S1, and S0,
corresponding to bits a2, a1, and a0, where a0 is
the least significant bit.

(a) Show that the output voltage is given by

Where RF is in k. (b) Find the value of RF such that v0 = 2.5 V when the
digital input is a3a2a1a0 = 1000. (c) Using the results of part (b), find v0 for: (i)
a3a2a1a0 = 0001, and (ii) a3a2a1a0 = 1111.
Solution:
(a)

VO =

. 3 (5)

. 2(5)

. 1(5)

. 0(5)

Substituting the values for R3, R2, R1 and R0 :

VO =

. 3 (5)

20

40

. 2(5)

80

Simplifying the equation while factoring out

VO =

10

3
2

2
4

1
8

0
16

] (5)

. 1(5)

10

160

. 0(5)

and -5 gives :

(Eqn 6.1)

EE 173 | Electronics Circuit II

YU, LUCILLE G.
BSEC-4

(b)

oOO

a3a2a1a0 = 1000 implies that a3 = 1, a2 = a1 = a0 = 0.

VO =
VO =

10

10

3
2

[ +

+
0

+
0
16

16

] (5)

] (5)

Finding the value of RF such that v0 = 2.5 V

Vo = 2.5 =

10

] (5)

2.5(10)(2)

= 10

(Eqn 6.2)

(c)
i.

a3a2a1a0 = 0001 implies that a3 = a2 = a1 = 0 and a0 = 1,

Using Eqn 6.1 and 6.2:
VO =
Vo =

ii.

10
10

10
10

[ +
1

0
8

] (5)

16

] (5) = 0.3125

16

a3a2a1a0 = 1111 implies that a3 = a2 = a1 = a0 = 1,

Again, using Eqn 6.1 and 6.2:
Vo =

10
10

[ +

1
8

] (5) = 4.6875

16

Answers:
The output voltage, IF simplified is VO =
The value of RF is 10 when v0 = 2.5 V.
If a3a2a1a0 = 0001, Vo = 0.3125 .
If a3a2a1a0 = 1111, Vo = 4.6875 .

10

16

] (5).