Selected Babylonian Business - Ugnad PDF

SEMITIC STUDY SERIES
EDITED BY
1
IARD
J.
H.
GOTTHEIL
and
MORRIS JASTROW Jr.
Columbia University
University of Pennsylvania
NO. IX
SELECTED BABYLONIAN
BUSINESS
AND
LEGAL DOCUMENTS
OF THE
HAMMURABI PERIOD
BY
ARTHUR UNGNAD,
of the Rcfyal
Museum
LEIDEN
E. J. BRILL
1907
PH. D.
at Berlin

RICHARD
J.
H.
GOTTHEIL and MORRIS JASTROW
Colombia University.
Jr.

EDITED BY
RICHARD
J.
H.
GOTTHEIL and MORRIS JASTROW
Columbia University
N.
IX.
SELECTED BABYLONUN
BUSINESS
AND
LEQAL DOCUMENTS
OF TH
HAMMURABI PERIOD
BY
ARTHUR UNGNAD,
PH. D.
OP THE KOYAL MUSK.UM AT BERLIN
LEIDEN
LA-
Jr.
E. J.
BRILL
1907.
2 5 1954
943538
Printed by E. J.
BRILL.
LEIDEN
(Holland).
To my
friend
HERMANN RANKE
PREFATORY NOTE.
In publishing this part of the Semitic Study Series
embodying a selection of the business

documents of the Hammurabi period, the
and
legal
editors
beg
announce that three other parts covering similar
documents (a) of the still older period of Sargon and the
Ur-dynasty (6) of the neo-Babylonian period and (c) of
to
the Persian period are in preparation
UNGNAD and CLAY

arrange
for
respectively, and they hope also to
a volume
period.
August 1907.
by Messrs. LAU,
on documents of the Cassite
INTRODUCTION
The study of the early Babylonian business and
legal
documents was inaugurated by the publication of about

a hundred texts falling within this category by J. N.
STRASSMA.IER
These tablets had been discovered by
).
W. K. LOFTUS
at Tell-Sifr near the ancient
town of Larsa
Senkereh), in the southern part of Babylonia.
They
belonged to the reigns of Nur-Kamman, Rim-Sin,
Ham-
(now
murabi and Samsu-iluna. The style and writing of these

documents offered considerable difficulties, so that it was
to
necessary
wait for more material, before a better
understanding
of
the
contents
could
be
expected.
This material was gained through purchases made by

Dr. E. A.
WALLIS BUDGE who, on
lonia, acquired for the British
of
old
prepare a volume
groundwork of
all
2
)
2)
a large
documents
Baby-
number
(1888).
which must be considered the
further researches concerning this
1) Die altbabylonischen Vertrdge aus

Internationalen Orientali&tenkongresses.
1144),
Museum
of these tablets enabled B. MEISBNER
thorough study
to
business
Babylonian
his travels in
Warka (Verhandlungen des fiinften

Zweiter Teil, pp. 315
364,
pi.
Berlin, 1882.
Beitrdge zum altbabylonischen Privatrecht (Assyriologische Sillio-
thek, Vol. XI), Leipzig, 1893.
subject
).
including
MBISSNBR edited and translated 111
number
of tablets
texts
in the
which,
mean-
had been purchased for the Royal Museum at

and he collated and used for comparison many
time,
Berlin
others which he did not publish.
On subsequent journeys
Dr. BUDGE obtained several more collections, and in 1896

a
splendid
of
edition
these,
together with the old
material not yet published by MBISSNER, was begun
by
TH. GK PINCHES in the Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian

Tablets
etc.
in the British
Museum, Vol.
II.
Other parts
containing the same kind of texts soon followed: IV

(1898), VI (1898), VIII (1899). Since that time
added
2
)
when H. RANKE
until 1906,
lent autograph copies,
edited
),
little
was
in excel-
119 documents of the Hammurabi-
dynasty together with translations of some of them.
Nearly
1)
in
his
all
the documents of the
Hammurabi
period
TH. G. PINCHES edited a few tablets of this period

work: Inscribed Babylonian Tablets in the Possession of Sir
little earlier
Henry Peek, London, 1888.

2) V. SCHEIL, Une Saison de Fouilles
a,
Sippar (Cairo, 1902), contains
catalogue of a great part of the tablets discovered during an exploration of the ruins of Sippar which was carried on by the Turkish
government (1894). The old Babylonian texts not yet embodied in
work were published by TH. FRIEDRICH (Altbabylonische Urkunden aus Sippara in Beitrage zur Assyriologie Vol. V, part 4),
Leipzig, 1906, whose edition of the texts, however, as well as his
SCHEIL'S
attempted translations must be used with caution.

8) Babylonian Legal and Business Documents from the time of the
First Dynasty of Babylon (The Babylonian Expedition of the University
of Pennsylvania. Series A Cuneiform texts. Vol. VI, part. 1), Philadelphia,
1906. A list arranging all the old Babylonian business documents hitherto
:
edited according to their contents will be found on pp. 13
16 of this work
XI
by LOFTUB, were
hitherto published, except those found
drawn up
places,
Other
at Sippar in the north of Babylonia.
however, have also furnished contracts and legal
documents of the same period, as
e.
g. Nippur, Larsa,
Dilbat, KiS.
Among
we have
DAICHES
the treatises based upon the published texts

to
mention those of PEISER
MEISSNER
),
4
)
and SCHORR
tained in these documents have been
study by LINDL
of special
).
The
7
).
2
),
dates con-
made the
and KING
PINCHES
),
subject
The
dates
belonging to the reigns of Ammiditaua and Ammisaduga
by the author on the
will be treated
discovered
Museum
1) F. E.
chronological
at
Berlin
8
).
list
basis of a recently
belonging to the Royal
valuable
treatise
on
the
PEISER in SCHEADEE'S Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek, Vol. IV,
8-49.
pp.
2) TH. G. PINCHES, Some Early Babylonian Contracts or Legal Documents (Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1897, pp. 589 613
and 1899, pp. 103120).
3) S.
Studien
DAICHES, Altbabylonische Rechtsurkunden (Leipziger Semitistische

I,
2),
Leipzig, 1903.
Aus dem altbabylonischen Recht (Der alte Orient VII, 1), Leipzig,
1905; and Theorie und Praxis im altbabylonischen Recht (Mitteilungen
4)
der Vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft X, pp.

5)
M. SCHOEE,
6)
E. LINDL, Die
2571),
Berlin, 1905.
Altbabylonische Rechtsurkunden aus der Zeit der I, babylonischen Dynastie (Sitzungsberichte der Kais. Akademie der Wissenschaften
in Wien; phil. hist. Klasse, 155. Band, 2. Abhandlung ), Wien, 1907.
Lot enlist e der ersten Dynastie von Babylon (Sei-
trdge zur Assyriologie, Vol. IV, pp. 338

102) and F. DKLITZSCH, Rand409.
bemerkungen zu Lindl's Abhandlung, ib. } pp. 403
7) L. W. KINO, Letters and Inscriptions of Hammurabi (cf. p. X, note
4) Vol. II, pi.
217
ff.,
Vol. Ill, pp. 211
UNGNAD, Die
ff.
Chronologic der Regierung Ammiditana's und

Ammifaduga's (in Beilrdge zur Assyriologie, Vol. VI, 3).
8)
A.
xu
names of
personal
EANKB
An
this period has
).
important aid in the study of these early Babylo-
nian business documents
the famous Code of Hammu-
This incomparable document of ancient
).
isation
must be used
Hammurabi-period
4
).
civil-
as the basis for all philological
concerned
investigations
1)
is
discovered 1901/02 by the French expedition at
rabi,
Susa
been published by
It
with the language 3 ) of the

must be noticed, however, that
Early Babylonian Personal
Names
(The
Babylonian Expedition
of the University of Pennsylvania, Series D, Vol. Ill), Philadelphia,

1905; cf. also RANKH'S thesis: Die Personennamen in den Urkunden
der Hammurabi- Dynastie, Miinchen, 1902.
2)
V.
SCHEIL,
Code des Lois de Hammurabi (Memoires de la
legation en Perse, Tome IV) Paris, 1902.

3) Cf. the author's treatise: Zur Syntax der Gesetze
(Zeitschrift
fur
Assyriologie,
Vol.
XVII, pp.
353378;
D&
Hammurabi's
XVIII,
pp.
167).
4)
great
many
letters also
have heen found which constitute either
documents, their language resembling that of the business

documents and which have been studied by B. MEISSNER, Altbabylonische
Briefe in Beitrage zur Assyriologie, Vol. II, pp. 557 564, and M. W.
a)
private
Zeit des babylonischen Konigs Hammurabi

[Berlin thesis], Leipzig 1901; or V) letters from the king; their language
being the same as that of the code and which have been edited with a
MONTGOMERY, Briefe aus der
translation and commentary by L. W. KING, Letters and Inscriptions of

Hammurabi, King of Babylon (three volumes), London, 1898 1900. Cf.
also F. DELITZSCH and J. A. KNUDTZON, Briefe Hammurabi's an Sin-
idinnam (Beitrage zur Assyriologie, Vol. IV, pp. 88

Die Briefe Hammurabi's an Sin-idinnam, ib., pp. 434
100; G. NAGEL,
483, and F. DE-
500.
LITZSCH, Zusalzbemerkungen zu NageVs Abhandlung, ib., pp. 483
historical inscriptions of the same period have also been treated by
KING, Letters etc. To a different division of the literature belong the old
The
Babylonian omen-texts translated by
den Babyloniern
J.
HUNGER, Becherwahrsagung
(Leipziger Semitistische Studien
I,
1),
Leipzig 1903.
lei
XIII
the language
the contracts, sometimes written
of
careless or even unintelligent scribes,
shows much
by
less
accuracy than that of the code which seems to have
been composed by the best scholars of the time. But
on the other hand, the language of the business docu-
ments has
this advantage over that of the code, in that
affords us
it
the
period.
an insight into the
spoken
language of
The blunders committed by the
scribes
only be explained on the assumption that the
can
vernacular language differed somewhat from the written

one, so that a scribe
who had
of the language
cacies
might
not mastered the
intri-
easily overlook a rule
which was no longer observed by the people, but
to
which a better educated man would pay due regard.

As the texts contained in the following collection
are intended to
introduce
the student into the study
of the early Babylonian contract-literature, I have not

hesitated
to
emendations wherever
give
an error in the edition or on the tablet
same reason
tions,
1)
31) I
The tablets belonging to the Royal Museum

was able to collate myself.
note
British
2);
etc. (v. p.
itself; for the
desires to consult the original
referred to the following list
*)
edi-
l
)
at Berlin (Nos. 18, 19,
CT = Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in

Museum; MAP = B. MEISSNER, Beitrdge etc. (v. p. VII,
= H. RANKE, Babylonian Legal and Business Documents
2) Abbreviations:
the
suspected
have restored the texts when incomplete.
The student who

is
VIII, note
3).
XIV
= MAP 96,
= MAP 95,
= CT VIII 29%
= CT IV 42%
= CT VIII 12
= CT 40
= CT VI 37%
= CT 33,
= CT 31,
10. = CT
41,
11. = CT VIII 43
1.
Bu. 88
12, 703/4.
2.
Bu. 88
12, 210.
3.
Bu. 91
9,
Bu. 91
9,
2188.
Bu. 91
9,
2460.
Bu. 91
9,
394.
707.
4.
5.
6.
II
2183.
Bu. 91
9,
8.
II
Bu. 91
9, 366.
9.
II
Bu. 91
9,
360.
II
Bu. 91
9,
410.
Bu. 91
9,
2465.
Bu. 91
9,
709.
Bu. 91
9,
2504.
365.
7.
12. ==
CT VI
37
b
,
= CT VIII 34
14. = K101,
15. = CT VI 22
16. = CT
17. = CT VI 42%
18. = MAP 106,
19. = MAP 110,
20. = CT VI 42%
21. = CT VIII 45
22. = CT IV 47%
23. = CT VIII 12
24. = CT IV 37
25. = CT IV 33,
26. = CT IV 25
27. = R37,
28. = CT VIII 22%
b
13.
II 4,
(Kh )1524.
Bu. 91
9,
Bu. 88
12, 60.
Bu. 91
9,
2470.
9,
2177 A,
915
9,
2190.
VAT 762.
VAT 842/843.
Bu. 91
Bu.
Bu. 88
12, 711.
Bu. 88
Bu. 88
-5
12, 160.
Bu. 88
12, 580.
Bu. 91
9,
712.
9,
374.
12, 626.
(J.S.)27.
Bu. 91
IV
= CT VIE l
30. = CT IV 31%
31. = MAP 70,
32. = CT VIII 15
33. = CT VI 35%
34. = CT VIII IP,
35. = CT IV 14%
36. = CT IV 46
37. = CT VI 44
38. = CT VI 40
39. = CT VIII 42
40. = CT VIII 1
41. = CT VIII 37
42. = R 85,
43. = R 25,
b
29.
Bu. 91
Bu. 88
VAT
448.
9,
- 12, 532.
766.
Bu. 91
9,
1016.
Bu. 91
9,
688.
Bu. 91
9,
503.
Bu. 88
12, 216.
Bu. 88
12, 655.
Bu. 91
9,
2421.
Bu. 91
9,
2524.
Bu. 91
9,
2455.
Bu. 9 1
9,
596.
9,
1058.
Bu. 91
(Kh
2
)
(J. S.)
1292.
78.
Semitic part of the glossary
In the
the
radicals,
have given
even when the root of a word does not
occur elsewhere, in order to facilitate the identification

of the
words.
The Sumerian words and phrases
given separately, for

in
not
Semitic.
as
am
Sumerian were
written
This
convinced that the clauses

also read as
indicated
is
are
Sumerian and
by "phonetic"
writings which occasionally occur.

1)
RU
(sign no. 15) instead of
MAL.MAL.A (27, 13)

MAL.MAL.JA (CT II
text
(1.
12)
instead of
14, 1.15),
we read IB
(sign no. 67); other
RU (sign no. 37) in 29, 12; NU.UM

NU MAL.MAL.A, and even NU.UM
spoken nummamaj ja; in the same
TA - BAL
with IB (sign no. 183) instead of IB
examples can easily be collected.
XVI
Some
of the
personal
names which formerly were
read as Semitic 1 have treated as Sumerian for reasons

into
which
cannot enter here
1) Cf. especially the
SUM. From
the
fact
*).
names composed with NANNA(R) and MA.ANthat such names were pronounced Sumerian it
must not be concluded that the Sumerian language as such was still a
living language, or that the bearers of theses names were Sumerians.
May
1907.
A. UNGNAD.
GLOSSARY.
I.
SEMITIC PART
1.
l
).
iilum town, Stadt; sometimes used as a deter-
minative.
abum
his father, sein
AD(.DA)-NI
Vater;
father,
abusu
Vater.
Abum (war ah):
the
fifth
month, der fiinfte
Monat.
"ON*
abdum
servant,
Liener (PN);
probably west-
semitic.
ablum
heir, Erbe, erbberecktigter Sohn.
abiltum
heiress, Erbin.
ablutnm
inheritance, testament, will, Erbschaft,
ablutam nadfinum make
Testament;
will, ein Testament machen.

i
abnum
Stein;
stone,
TAK.HAR
terminative.
rim
1)
only
K, =arab.
in
proper
some time a used
aban sewi-
perhaps
jewel for a ring, Ringstein, or
I,
tf,
names.
=,
||
Qrammatik (Munich 1906).
||
nouns in old Babylonian see
^,
A.
$k =
Ungnad,
as a de-
^.
compound
=
^.
PN =
||
Babylonisch-Assyrische
For the addition of
(mimmation) to
20.
1
ideograph the value of which
not known.
is
TAK.HAR be jewel for a ring TAK.HAE

SU.GU and TAK.HAK SU.SE might designate
If
special kinds of such jewels.
ihkum element
II:
"OK
in
PN
of uncertain meaning.
libur (PN).
to be strong, stark sein; opt.
ubfirum friend,
companion,
Freund,
Genosse
(PN).
"OK* ebirtum the opposite side of a river, jenseitiges

Ufer.
UD.EBUR-KU
"OK ebfirum harvest, Ernie;
= ina
(ana) urn eburim.
abuttum mark
II:
of a slave, SklavenmaL
to hire, mieten; praet.
who
igur;
agirum
one
hires, Mieter.
ngarnm
land
belonging
same town,
the
to
Feldmark,
igarum
Wand.
wall, Mauer,
adl 1) praep. as
far as, unto,
as long as, so lange als
Addarum (warah):
the
dw(
56^); 2)subj.
61).
twelfth
month, der
zwolfte Monat.
essnin, fern,
essetum
new, neu;
MU
BIL
sat turn essetum.
awatnm
word,
contents,
matter,
affair,
Wort,
Inhalt, Sache, Angelegenhdt.
awilum man, person, ensch, Person; awilum

ana awilim one against the other, einer gegen
den andern;
II:
to leave, to
ezub except,
uznum
ahum
one
21 m );
ahum
the other, der eine
= ahusn;
his
(her)
ahatum
ahum
...
.
seine
sister,
ahatum
...
the
der andere.
NIN-(A.) NI
Schwester;
sister,
Schwester;
.
lassen,
ausser.
aha(t)zu/a
I 1
Freier.
document),
(a
brother, Bruder; SES-(A.)NI
iiMtum
man,
mind, Ohr, Sinn (PN).
ear,
ahhu
pi.
draw up
free
Urkunde ausfertigen; praet. izib.
eine
mar awilim
(ihre)
the
one
the other, die eine ... die andere.
ihuz.
to take, nehmen; praet.
III1:
dinam suhuzumto
to accept a suit,
pass judgement,
Urteil gewahren, eine
Klage
zulassen.
ekallum
palace, Point.
inum eye, Auge (PN).

A jam in (war ah): the
zweite
month,
der
Monat.
akluni secretary,
(==
second
SeJcretar]
sign no. 141)
priestesses
of
Priesterinnen ;
PA(=akil) SA'L
Sam as
Samas,
secretary of the
Sekretar
akil bab dinim
der
Sama$-
clerk at the
court of justice, GerichtsseJcretar ; akil
k a rim a merchant's
makaltum
large
kurtum.
tam-
clerk, Kaufmannsschreiber.
itkurtum
(q. v.),
grosse
i t-
to,
ilum god,
Goto;
mem
the gods,
ula
to
ul,
"to*
II:
tauchen,
1
my
god, of
59 b ).
to be found, hinaufgehen, auf-
go up,
sick
i-li
Gott, der Goiter (PN).
not, nicht
to
NI-NI
praes. ill; praes. illl.
finden;
to get rid of (with
n a), to
lose, to forfeit,
verktstig gehen.
olum
high,
26) ell (PN);
ursim
I
hoch,
lofty,
erhaben;
stat.
ind.
elitum in aban e lit
fern,
a precious stone, ein Edelstein.
1 to go, gehen (PN).
ellatnm strength,
Stdrke.
Elfilum (warah): the sixth month, der
sechzte
Monat.
1
II
to
purify,
to
set
free,
reinigen,
frei-
machen.
ell am,
ellitum
fern,
stat. ind.
Elftnum
alpum buU,
free,
pure,
rein, frei;
26) ell it.
Elulum.
Slier;
GUD MU
3:
buU
of three
years, dreijdhriger Stier.
amtum female slave, servant, SMavin, Dienerin ;

a-ma-sa = *amat-sa(6 ); amat (26)
1
she
I 1
is
a servant, sie
ist eine
Dienerin.
to lay upon, auferlegen; praes.
praet.
imid;
inidum support,
nemelum
plur.
Sttitze
Imudu
(PN).
possession, Besitz (PN).
im(m)id;
5 aa ).
ummuin
musa.
11
mother, Mutter;
in in at u ni
u in m a
as
I 1
= u m-
A.NI
follows,
umma
folgendermassen;
thus they spoke, so sprachen
sie.
strength, Slarke (PN).
to see, sehen (PN).
imerum
"1DN.
yard, Elle.
sunuma
emukum
AM A
donkey, Esel;
imer biltim
pack-
(=assum),
upon,
mule, LasteseL
)N
ana
against, concerning
to,
until, as, within, zu, gegen, betreffs,

als
ina
(
among,
in,
56
during,
in,
unter,
wdhrend
b
).
ani'atum
a
inbum
anakum
anakn
bis,
auf,
56 b ).
(plur.) furniture, Hausgerat.
Jfcoi* (PN).
fruit,
I,
lead, Blei.
10).
annfim
this,
I 1: to
be gracious, gnadig sein; impv.
that,
^>^r, ^r.
ennam
(PN),
a&Satum
wife,
aSsat she
assa(t)zu;
Ehefrau
ass tit urn
in
DAM-rA.)NI
Ehefrau;
is
wife,
sie
ist
26).
assutum u mututum
riage relationship, eheliche Gemeinschaft.

atta, fern, attl
isinnum
feast,
10) thou, du.
mar-
6
I 1:
put on
to
Hut) aufsetzen;
(a hat), (einen
perm. apir.
eprum food, Speise.

epsum made, gemacht; bitum epsum
a built
house-plot, gebautes Haus, Hausyrund-
house,
stilck.
eklum
6
1 1
Feld.
field,
to enter (into a house as servant or tenant),
eintreten, einziehen;
ana biltim erebum
to
become taxable,
abgabepflichtig werden; praes.
ir(r)ub; praet.
irub.
Ill 1
to introduce, hineinfiihren.
arnum
penalty, Strafe.
irsitum earth, Erde (PN).
ursum
species
of grain,
ideogr. ZAG.HI.LI.(S)A(E)
name
contained in the
stone aban e iit ursim,
the
of
eine Art Getreide;
v.
elum.
ISDN i
>
eristum
irsum
II:
Sehnsucht (PN).
desire,
bed, Beit.
to plant, pflanzen; part,
eris-sa
erisum
in
erisa
6 la ) her planter, ihr Pflanzer
(PN).
merisum
plantation, Anpflanzung.
irrisiitum,
erresutum
farming, Bewirtschaf-
tung.
irsum
wise,
iret
weiae;
(PN).
st.
ind.
26) iris, fern.
esertum, eserit ten,

esritum tithe, Zehnt.
assuin
iisten one,
zehn.
an (a) sum,
fern,
einer;
v.
sum urn.
isti'at.
istinis one like the other, einer
itu
praep. from, von
1)
command
the
(.
an),
me
der andere.
perhaps also "at
of", auf Veranlassung (4,32);
nachdem
2) subj. after,
61).
ita adjoining, angrenzend an.

itti
with,
at
from,
the
expense
of,
mit, von,
Koslen.
auf
eteUum
lord,
Herr (PN).
utlum
place
at
El
to
away, fortgelen; IB-TA-BAL

(perm.) he has given away, er
1:
the feet
of,
Gegend zu
Ftissen
give
sutuk
hat fortgegeben.
itkurtum a kind
of dish(?), eine Art ScAtitsel (?).
3 belum master, proprietor, Herr, Besitzer.
beltnm
mistress, proprietress, Herrin, Besitzerin.
2D babnm gate, Tor; bab

Gericht; also
V3
J"P3
dlnim
bab Samas.
court of justice,
v. ""BD.
bitum house,
sttick; cf.
house-plot, lot, Haus, Rausgrund-
epsum.
pa
bukanum
II:
(?).
fofo; praes. ibalut; perm, to be

am Leben seinj TI.LA-zu
b a 1 & (t) - z u.
alive,
II 1
pestle, Morserkeule
to live,
to
keep
alive,
am Leben
biltum
v.
balum
without, ohne
II:
erhalten (PN).
tel.
(
57 a ") (PN).
56',
to build, create, bauen, schaffen (PN).
bfirum
offspring, Sprossling (PN).
biritum separation, Trennung; ig-ar biritim

separating wall, Trennungsmauer.
1 1: to be, exist, *ewi, existieren; praes. i
opt.
libsl
bazu
as
(PN); perm, (basi), bazl;
much
as there
is,
soviel
busiini something entrusted to
das jemandem anvertraut
to gngallum
rftt
^ft)
II 1
bass I;
mala
vorhanden
some
1st.
one, etwas,
ist.
regent, Regent (PN).
to cut, brand, schneiden, brandmarken.
gallabum barber, Bader.

II: to spare, schonen ; praet.
g m i 1 (PN).
gimillnm present, Geschenb (PN).

"MM
I 1:
to
accomplish,
vollenden; perm, to have
done (with), to be finished, fertig
gainrum
full,
voll;
price, voller Preis.

1)
Root very uncertain.
sein.
simum gamrum
full
gannum
girdle,
a measure, ein Mass.
gurrum
gisiiniiiarum date-tree, Dattelpalme.

Balken.
gusurum beam,
II:
kill,
Du'uzum
"in
durum
Monat
top
(to
totcn)1
NT?
gatil (PN); read katil
part,
(warah)
the fourth month, der vierte
6r).
(cf.
city-wall, Stadtmauer.
cany on a lawsuit, prozessieren ; praet.

i-di-in (cf. also i-di-in
iddin; y. pi),
I 1
to
dajtimuu judge, Richter; also da'anum.
dinum
THNi
^1
II:
lawsuit, judgment,
and
Prozess,
Urteil;
cf.
babum.
to worship, verehren; praes.
idalal,
praet.
idlul (PN).
pDl
II 1
to purify, beautify,
daiiikuin,
*cô
damiktum,
fern,
rein, schon
m#,
machen (PN).
pure, beautiful,
(PN).
d umkuiii purity, beauty, Reinheit, Schonheit (PN).

ppl
dakkum
ft
and,
little,
also,
selbst
klein (PN).
und,
wenn
auch;
(cf.
u with
69*).
opt. even
if,
10
wedum
1 1
the only one, einziger (PN).
to bring, bringen; praet.
to
manage,
biltum
to
regieren (PN).
leiten,
1) burden, .2/0^; cf.
come
forth,
me rum;
3) tax, Abgabe.
move, herausgehen, ausziehen;
Jill: to take out, hinausfuhren ;
susum
to
2) ta-
opt. lise.
usse;
praes.
(=60 mane);
2bfai*
lent,
II:
ublam (PN).
ubil,
mieten;
rent,
ana biltim
IB-TA-E(.A)
usese.
zizzu
situni rising, Aufgang;
iiiusum
Til
II:
to
exit,
= *sit-su (PN).
Ausgang.
go down, hinabgehen ;
praet.
urid ur
"
du-ma.
wardnm male servant, Sklave.
mi warhum month, Monat; cf. saddutum.
Warahsamna: the eighth month, der
achte
Monat.
"HI
II:
to lead, leiten;
er ist geleiten
-pi
warki
56
warkflm;
fern.
Zukunft ;
TIT
II:
death
);
is
lead by,
von (PN).
1) praep. after (the
Tode)
war! he
perm,
2) subj. after,
plur.
of),
nach (dem
nachdem (61).
wark(i)atum
1) future,
2) inheritance, Nachlass.
to divide, receive (as) a portion, teilen, (als)
Anteil
erhalten ;
praes.
az
plur.
li
11
praet.
i z
uz
perm,
he has divided,
er hat
geteilt.
zittum portion,
Anteil.
n.
hubullum
interest,
Zinsen;
hubul sattim
yearly interest, jdhrliche Zinsen.
hegallum abundance,
II 1
Uberjluss (PN).
to delight, erfreuen (PN).
II:
run away, verloren gehen, weglaufen- praet. ihlik.

niahniibuni offspring, Spross(l) (PN).
1 1
to destroy, annihilate, vernichten.
IV
pi
1 1
pn
to be lost,
to be destroyed, vernichtet werden;
i-hi-
ihhipl.
to protect, schiltzen (PN).
hurasum
nnn hattnm
gold,
Gold.
(object of) fe^r, (Gegenstand der) Furcht
(PN).
CD.
3113
III:
to rejoice, erfreuen; praes.
tabu in
1) good,
AL-DUG
gut;
2)
satisfied,
= tab.
\
T idnm wages, Lohn.

T I 1 to know, witsen
:
u-ta-ab-bu.
53 ? ).
befriedigt;
12
DV
urn when,
iluiuin day, time, Tag, Zeit;
wenn
61*r).
}& III: to pay interest, Zins zahlen; praes.
interest,
from rOH
^ jakrum
II:
^W II:
u-sa-ap
us sap; sum. DAH.HE-DAM.
sip tu
if,
Zins
treated as if derived
(is
q. v.).
dear, teuer;
to increase,
st.
ind.
26)
a-kar
(PN).
mehren; praet. erib (PN).
mimma
with
to have, haben;
and eli to
have a claim against (upon) someone, Anspruch haben gegen (auf) jemd.
HI
2: to lead aright, recht leiten (PN).
isarum
just, gerecht (PN).
iiiisaruni justice,
kanum
)D II:
Gerechtigkeit ;
to give
misaram
sa-
judgment, Recht sprechen.
to be firm, unchangeable, fest, unwandelbar
sein; praet.
ikun
(PN).
Ill: to make firm, fe*t machen; praes. ukan.

kiiium just, gerecht (PN); fixed, festgesetzt.
kittum
kirn a
truth,
Wahrheit (PN).
1) praep.
because
inf.
"in order to",
as,
in
wie
the same
um
of,
.
manner
wegen; with the
zu; 2) subj. because,

as,
weil, da, ebenso
61).
ki'am thus (they spoke);
so (sagten
sie)-.
13
kalum
to
totality,
them,
Wo
PD
17 a ).
kilallan both, fctf*

*)
kalusunuallof
Gesamtheit;
sie alle (
22 a ).
kankum sealed, stamped, gesiegelt, gestempelt.

kunukkum sealed document, seal-cylinder, geUrkimde, Sieg elzy Under ; plur. kusiegelte
nu-ka-ti.
kantknm
sealed
nQio),gesiegelte
kissum
chair,
document
(receipt,
Urkunde(QuiUung
i
promissory
Schuldscheiri).
SMI.
Eislimum (war ah):
ninth
the
month,
der
neunte Monat.
Geld.
p]DD
kaspum
"NJD
kisruin wages, rent, Lohn, Miete;
silver,
uum
ID
^D
"WD
karum
money,
Sitter,
ana kisrim
(WilTI) to rent, mieten.
stronghold, Kastett.
kiruiu garden, Garten.

1 1
to
to
erreichen ;
aj a n i k a s a d u
go before the judges, vor
np
-ins v.
attain,
die Richter gehen.
12.
la not, nicht.
le'ftm wise, weise;
libbnm
st.
ind.
(26)
le-e-i
heart, midst, Herz, Mitte; (in a)
inmitten.
in, in the midst of, in,
1)
Perhaps
^D
or
le'l,
libbi
14
laMriitum old age,
tim
1 1
Samas labiru-
Alter; b a b
the old court of justice, der alle Gerichts-
to dress, sich kleiden; perm, to be clothed,
bekleidet sein.
12:
clothe oneself, sich kleiden ;
to
as-si
iltabas
lamazzum (= lamassum)
Schutzffott
il-ta-ba-
protecting
deity,,
(PN).
Upturn work, Werk (PN).
nalpatum
a small
kleine
itkurtum,
itkurtum
(q.v.).
II:
to take, borrow, nehmen, leihen ; with
from, von;
SU B A- AN-TI
marim
ana
(or
i1
1 1 i
k e orilteke;
marutim) likum
to
adopt, adoptieren.
12
= 11.
milkitum
r\rb
loan, Anleihe.
^ littum cow, Kuh.
D.
D -ma
enclitic
word
(cf.
particle
sa),
1)
dient
used
zur
to
strengthen a
Ilervorhebung eines
(
32 e ):
thereupon, then, in that case, darauf,
dann,
Wortes; 2) connected with the verb
in
diesem
phrases
1)
Falle ;
69 a ).
Root uncertain; perhaps
especially
in
conditional
15
marum
Sohn; DUMU-(A.)NI
child, son, Kind,
= mar(i)su; mar awilim

mar bitim
free
man,
Freier;
(21, 20?) slave born in the house
of his master, im Hause des Herrn geborener
mar
SMave;
martum
si prim
messenger, Bote;
cf.
daughter, Tochter.
mariltiim sonship, Kindschaft, v. &*\h.

"CUD
become favorable,
to
geneigt
werden;
imgur; dajanu ul imguru

deem the evidence
not
did
Richter
die
hielten
praet.
the judges
conclusive, die
Zeugenaussage
nicht
fur
beweisend; perm, to be favorable, geneigt sein.

1
come
to
"I1D I 1:
to
to
an understanding,
sick einigen.
measure, zumessen; NI-AG-E
ma-
dad.
niD niutum death, Tod (PN).
nmzum,
"1DD 1 1
read
to receive,
to
musum,
empfangen; praet.
have received,
mahir
v. KiJTI.
empfangen
mhur
Jiaben
perm.
(31,
wrongly instead of mahrat).
mahar before, vor ( 56 C ).

mahirum market-price, Marhtpreis.
namhartum property, income, Besitz, EMommen.
Kite
malum
st.
mala
von (with the accus.); fern.
full of, voll
ind.
(26;
1) as
much
like, ebenso wie.
perm.) mali'at.
as,
so
viel
wie;
2) praep.
16
maliknm
counsellor, Ratgeber (PN).
mainitum
v.
tiimamltum.
mannum who?
JD 1)
mamman
2)
wer immer
minima
3)
wer? (PN).
anybody, whosoever, irgend

15 e ).
(
anything, whatsoever, irgend etwas ;
mimma annim
OD II:
1 1
alles dieses.
all this,
to count, zahlen (PN).
manum
SJD
einer,
mine, Mine
perm,
D mfisum
to be
(=
60
shekels).
enough, genug sein (PN).
twin, ZwUling.
minium
half, Halfte.
HD mutum husband, Ehemann.
nmtutum
lit.
assutum
v.
Ehemannschaft ;
husbandship,
(1W).
inatuin land, Land.

"HD mati,
adi matl how long, wie lange (PN)
mat^ma
HDD nmttatum
I 1
perm,
for all future,
fur immer.
forelocks, Stirnhaar.
to
be
na-id (=na'id)
exalted,
or
erhaben sein; read
na-da (=nad a)
(PN).
nfiruin canal, Kanal.
II:
to call, rufen; praet. i(b)bi;
perm,
nabl
called by, gerufen von (PN).
nidutuin fallowland, Brachland.

1 1
to give, sell, geben, verkaufen; praes.
n a di n
17
i-di-in (=iddin;
praet.
nam
i-na-di-i8
);
na-di-u
(d)i(n)sl;
with
n a d i (n) s u
ana and
cf.
p)
and idin-
= inadi(n)s(i);
i-di-si = id-
the
inf.
to cause,
veranlassen.
= 11.
13
nidnuiii,
nidintum
Gale (PN).
gift,
nudimnftm dowry, Mitgift.

II: to shine, leuchten', opt. li-wi-ir
wir
II 1
= liw-
(PN).
to enlighten, erleuchten (PN).
nawirnm
mlrum
shining, leucUend (PN).
light,
UcU
(PN).
HDX
v.
nuhsum
abundance, Uberfluss.
V) Nisannum
the
(war ah);
first
month, der
erste
Monat.
"133 II
PID3
to change, dndern.
II:
to
pull
ina aplutim
enterben; ru gum-
ausreissen;
out,
nasahum to disinherit,
mam nasahum to reject
Anspruch
"1S3
1 1
nisu
1 1
1)
Perhaps
claim, einen
to protect, schiitzen (PN).
massartum
Btt
abweisen.
deposit, Depot.
(plur.; cf.
18
to carry, tragen.
tf %
D3 (Delitzsch).
people, Leute.
18
I
to support, untersttitzen, pflegen ; inf.
sum
= 12.
13
nisum
it
a s.
38 e ).
elevation, Erhebung
nis inim delight
of the eyes, Augenweide (PN).
by the name
nis
of,
bei (
56 C ).
D.
pID
1
D'C
sfikum
street, lane, Strasse,
Gasse.
Simrinuiu (war ah): the third month, der
dritte
Monat.
HO Sutum
"ID 1 1
HID
*)
to loosen,
pID II 1
Sutaean, Sutaer.
piitum
frontside,
SAG-B1
"1PID
II 1
redeem;
to wait for, harren
to
Ifaen, erlosen,
auf ;
forehead,
praes.
(PN).
u p a Jk (PN).
Vorderseite,
Stirn ;
pu(t)zu.
bring together, to give support, zusam-
menbringen, Halt geben (PN).

"ItDD
1 1
to loosen, redeem,
buy back,
losen, einlosen,
zuruckkaufen.
ipterum
iQ
1)
2)
release, Auslosung.
pfim mouth, word, Mund, Wort; istu p^ adi

(or
ana) hurasim from the mouth to
Root uncertain, Delitzach

Root uncertain.
19
Munde
the gold, vom
bis
zum Golde,
i.
e.
to-
tally, vollstdndig.
1 1
to honor, respect, ehren.

9, 5.
pikittum care, Pflege; pi-ki-ta-Sa

PHD pirhnm offspring, Spross (PN).
JD1D parsigum head-cloth, Kopftuch.
IV
1 to
become appeased,
passuruni table,
Tisch;
sich besdnftigen (PN).
passur kakkadim
a special kind of table, eine besondere Art Tisch.

pissatuni ointment, Salbol;
teptitnm
enu
cultivation,
(plur.) sheep
pi-sa-tam
4.
9,
Urbarmackung.
and goats, Kleinvieh.
subfituin garment, Kleid.
sibtura (masc.) interest, Zins ;
siptum kinum
The
fixed interest, fester Zins.
basis of the
word was originally the stem *]&, but, by a

popular etymology, it was connected with fOJJ.
"TO
fe
ehrum,
fern,
sehertum
little,
small, klein.
sillum shadow, shelter, Schatten, Schutz; MI-NI

read sululi(-li) (PN).
sarrura
illegal, gesetzwidrig ; stat. ind.
26)
p.
l
1 1
to speak, say, sprecfon, sagen;
by request
1)
Also iO:i
(5
4 d ).
of,
auf Ersuchen.
ana
r.
20
11=12.
tap
kablum
Mitte;
midst,
of an
10,
17 probably name
ugarum.
kadistum female votary, Hierodule.

1 1
to give (as a present), schenken (PN).
kistum
kisum,
N.Dp
1
Tpp
i1p
kemum
kakkadum
II:
present,
Geschenk (PN).
flower, Mehl.
to call,
head, Kopf;
cf.
pas sum m.
ik-te-ru-(u-)si he
r/*;
(relat.) her, er ruft sie; others
calls
assume a root
"1HD to assemble, versammeln.

1
Dp
katuni hand, Hand.
rebitum
place,
avenue, Platz, breite Strasse.
re'ttm shepherd, Hirt (PN).
rimuni wild buU,

1 1
Wildslier (PN).
to love, like, wish, tieben, wiinschen;
rim; with
(PN; 32,
suff.
rim-annl
1) is
a wrong form
analogy of forms like
rium
due to the
sime'annl.
rimeniim merciful, barmherzig ;
rim^nl (PN).
naramum beloved
stat. ind.
one, LiebUng (PN).
head, chief, Haupt, Letter (PN).
1)
Root originally
2)
Root uncertain.
impv.
54 C ); rime'annl
(26)
21
reStflm 1) best,
fofcr(28
num rectum
part, erste Rate;
"O1 rabilm,
fern,
b
28
title
best
= sam-
Ol; 2)
first
constr. restl.
st.
rabitum
some
of
NISAG
bestes
oil,
1) great,
gross, altester; 2)
),
);
big,
eldest
rablAmurrim(?)
Titel
official,
eines gewissen
Beamten.
Dn II:
to
Klage fiihren;
complain,
1) because
of something,
somebody, gegen; praes.

5 ba
(
),
ridftm,
Tl"l
terhatum
y*~\
1 1
DDT II:
to
ana
wegen; 2) against
iragam, eragam
iragum.
rugummum
Tl
with
claim, Reklamation, Mnspruch.
riditum
fern,
heir, heiress, Erbe, Erbin.
bridal gift, Brautgabe.
compensate, ersetzen; impv. rib.
to
bind,
perm, to be bound, ge-
binden ;
bunden werden.
|D1 ranirinum
self, selbst
(11); N. sa ramanisu
N. belongs to himself,
obligation, N. gehort
is
independent, free of
sich selbst^ ist unabhangig,
frei von Verpflichtung.

iyD"l
Dp"l
rapsuiu wide, weit;
rukbum
II:
ind.
26)
rap as (PN).
shed, Scheune(l}.
to get, obtain,
liri-ma
wenn
st.
er
even
u marl
bekommen, erhalten;
if
he begets children,
Kinder beJcommen
sollte (cf.
selbst
69 a ).
22
one
1) the
gehorig
of,
13); sa
gehort dem N.;
the
dicate
belonging
to,
N.-ma
belongs to N.,
sat (PN); used
fern,
genitive
it
der von, jemandem
24 n);
(he) who, whoever, (der),
2) relat.
es
to in-
16)
welcher, wer immer;
in oaths: that nobody, doss niemand; 3)subj.
16 d )
V se'um
that, dot*.
se'im, but
also
selibum
slrum
TJ T shekel (money), 1
Getreide , aler auch
W
V
SB perhaps
grain, Getreide; 1
i^
KA
fA
Sekel Geldes.
fox, Fuchs (PN).
(piece of) meat, (Stuck) Fleisch; 1
ta-a-an
one
of
piece
sira-
meat every time,
jedesmal ein Stuck Fleisch.
serum (God
of the) morning, (Gott des) Morgen(s)
(PN).
Sabatuin
elfte
)
the
eleventh month, der
Monat.
priest, Priester.
saggftm
1 1
(war ah):
to harrow, egg en;
siddum
meaning not
certain.
longside, Langseite.
saddutum inwarahsaddutim:
a designation
of the harvest-month, BeinamedesErntemonats.
u
1)
he, er
Root uncertain.
10).
23
Sewirum
1)
Ring
ring,
(cf.
to a
money belonging
private
abnum);
woman,
2) the
Privat-
kasse einer Frau.
1: to write (down), scAreiden, niederschreiben ;
istur.
praet.
i
she, tie
sibum
II:
10).
witness, Zeuge.
to
praet. is
simum
kaufen ;
buy,
am
with itti from, von;
SAM),
(cf.
gamrim
to
its full
ana simisu
Wert;
price, value, Preis,
price, zu seinem votten
Preise.
sumuia supposing,
gesetzt
32 g ).
Inipum / 3
sikkatum ointment-box,
.
Salbflaschchen, Alabas-
tron.
1 1
to place,
make, found,
den; i-sa-ka-su
setzen,
machen, grun-
isakansu;
cf.
misa-
rum p^).
maskanum
store-house,
Speicher.
to
keep
safe, heil erhalten (PN).
salsum,
fern,
salustum
II 1
third,
dritter.
1) name, Name; MU-NI. IM by name, mil

Namen; 2) posterity, Nachkommenschaft (PN).
sumuni
assuni (orig. an(a)
II:
1)
sum)
because
to hear, horen (PN).
Root uncertain.
of,
24
sainhum,
samuhtum
fern,
luxurious, magni-
prdchtig (PN).
ficent, uppig,
sunilium abundance,
reichliche Julie (PN).
summa v. &W.
samnum oil, Ol;
res turn (Vn).
cf.
to worship, verehren (PN).
sunu,
fern,
sattum
sin a they, *t*

18 h ) year, Jahr.
10).
sanfini second, zweiter.
sina, fern,
Ill
sitta two,
zwei.
2: to douhle, verdoppeln (PN).

to be equal, gleichen; la sanan
65 e )
erfi
sin-
II:
matchless, unvergleichtich (PN).
sinnum
a bronze vessel, Bronzegefass ;
nu 20
KA
a vessel containing
Gefdss von 20
12:
to call,
sisum
KA
Inhalt.
fufen.
herald, Herald.
sipatum wool,
Fo/fe.
siprum message, Botschaft;

1 1
20 1A, em
to
cf.
marum
weigh, ]>&j,wagen.zahlen; praet.
(= IN.NA(.AN)-LAL);
praes.
pND).
iskul
isakal
(=
NI-LAL-E).
12
in
PN
siklum
(istikal); not quite certain.
shekel,
SeJcel.
Tarltum (warah):
siebente
urinnum
seventh
month, der
Panier; place
where the
the
Monat.
standard,
25
oath
TltP
is
sarrum
')
delivered,
wo geschworen wird.
Ort,
king, Konig.
SuSSan V 3
a
tumamitum
in in
"fin
I 1
come
to
ul
iragam
(compos.) oath, Eid.

back, zurilckkehren ; ul it arm a
he shall not complain again,
er
soil nicht wieder klagen.
II 1
to
bring
(give)
back,
zuriickbringen,
zurilckgeben.
tajarum, ta'arum merciful, gnddig (PN).
tawirtum
"ipDn
\r\
meadow, Bruch,
to trust, vertrauen; also
1 1
to swear, schworen ;
cf.
Wiese.
perm. (PN).
PAD.
tainkarum merchant, Kaufmann.

-ta-a-an
(
"|3n
lea,
1 1
distributive
57^);
tannum
cf.
ending,
Distributivendung
sir urn (n*W).
= nalpatum
(q. v.).
tappftm companion, Genosse (PN).
tnppum
tablet,
tupsarrum,
document, To/V/,
fern,
6er; ideograph
E.DUB.BA(.A),
wb'rtlich:
1)
Root uncertain.
Urkunde.
tupsarratum scribe, SchreiDUB.SAR and perhaps DUMU

lit.
son of the
Sohn des Tafelhauses.
tablet-house,
26
2.
SUMBRIAN PART
A water, Wasser; sem.. mu.

AB verbal prefix (3. pers.),
').
Ferbalprafix.
AD(,DA) father, Fater; sem. a bum; AD.DA-NI

abusunu.
abusu, AD.DA-NE.NE
AG to measure, zumessen; sem. madadum; NI-AG-E
imadad.
AL verbal prefix, Verbalprafix ; v. DUG, TEL.

A LAM image, Bildnis; sem. sal mum; ALAM-A.NI
AMA
ummum; AMA-MU
mother, Mutter; sem.
ummisa.
ummi; AMA-A.NI
A.MU.UN.NA verbal prefix (3. pers.),
A.NI nominal
sufilx. (3. pers.)
Terbalprdfix.
Nominalsuffix ; sem. -su,
-Sft; cf. NI.
AZAG(.GA)
pure, rein; sem.
ellum.
BA verbal prefix (3. pers), Verbalprafix.

BAD wall, Mauer; sem. durum.
BAL 1) to give away, fortgeben; sem. sutukum (pDN*);
IB.TA-BAL
sutuk;
2)
reign,
Regierung ; sem.
paluin.
BA.AL.LA to dig, graben;

BA.AN verbal prefix (3.
BA.AN-TI
1)
sem.
pers.)
ilt eke, v. SU.
Arranged alphabetically.
hirum.
Verbalprafix ;
SU
27
BI
nominal
suffix (3. pers.), Nominalsuffix ;
BLDA.(A,)A
and,
und; sem.
ii;
it
sem.
is
su, -sa.
attached like
latin -que.
BIL
new, neu; sem.
DAH(.HE)
(^3T)
to
interest, Zins zahlen;
sem. u
s s
D AH.HE-DAM = u s s a p.
DAM
verbal
DIB
to take,
DI.DI
pay
essum.
affix (3. pers.) Verbalaffix; v.
upum
DAH(.HE).
nehmen; sem. sab a turn.
to order, befehlen;
perhaps in AB-DI.DI-NE.A.A.
DINGIR god, Gott; sem. ilum.

DUG, good, satisfied, gut, befriedigt; sem. tabum;
AL-DUG = tab.
DUMU child, Kind; sem. ma rum; DUMU-(A.)NI =
mar(i)sn.
affix
of the present tense, Prfaensaffix;
iiakal; NI-AG-E
E^.A) 1) to come forth,
(i2i1);
q.v.;
EGIR
ENIM
cf.
NI-LAL-E
imadad.
herausgehen ; sem.
waiim
IM.TA-E.A = use; 2) = susum (!n IH

IB.TA-E(.A) = usese.
after,
nach; sem.
1),
warki.
awatum; ENIM-BI =
awa(t)-zu. ENIM &AG.SAG.G A prayer, Gebetstom.
t^mekum. ENIM MAL.MAL.A to complain, Klage
fuhren; sem. ragamum; ENIM NU(.UM) MAL.
MAL.A = ul iragam.
ES
1)
word,
verbal
Written
affix
Wort;
sem.
of the plural, verbales Pluraluffix
UD.DU.
= ME.
28
GAL
big, large, gross; sem.
mu
raburn; A GAL.GAL.LA
rabutum.
GAN a measure, ein Mass.

GE particle of the genitive, GenitivpartiJcel ; GUSKIN. GAGE of gold, aus Gold.
GIM postpos. like,
kima Sam as.
GIN
wie; sem. kirn a;
UTU-GIM
a measure, ein Mass; 2) shekel, Sekel; sem.
1)
Siklum.
G1.NA fixed, feats sem. kin urn (]D).

GIS.BAB tax, measure, Abgabe, Mass;
sem.
value
not known.
GU
GU
bank,
neck,
*)
TA
GUL(.LA)
Ufer;
sem.
in a kisad on the banks
to destroy, zerstb'ren; sem.
of,
kisadum;
am
Uferdes.
aba turn.
(with determ. GlS) chair,
hurasum.
Stuhl; sem. kussum.
verbal prefix
Verbalprafix; v. E(.A).
gold, Gold; sem.
GU&K1N(.GA)
GU.ZA
IB.TA
Hals,
ID(.DA)
canal,
IGI.GAB(.A)
34, 21
(3.
pers.),
Kanal; sem.
to
look,
narum.
blicken;
sem.
natal um;
(?).
IGI.BA first, erster;

IM.TA verbal prefix
IN verbal prefix (3.
sem.
(3.
asaridum.
pers.),
pers.),
Ferbalprafix.
Verbalpraftx.
IN.NA(.AN) verbal prefix (3. pers.) Verbalprafix.

IN.NE.EN verbal prefix (3. pers.), Verbalprafix.
IN.SlJN
1)
verbal prefix (3. pers.) Yerbalprafix.
Written TIG.
cf.
29
KA
particle of the genitive,
KALAM.MA people, Yolk;

NI-U = ana nisiStl.
Genetivpartikel.
sem. niSa;
KALAM.MA-
KA.SAR wages, rent, Lohn, Miete; sem. kisrum.

KU.B ABB AR silver, money, Silber, Geld; sem. kaspum.
LA(L) to weigh, pay, wagen, zahlen; sem. sakalum;
IN.N A(. AN>LA(L)
LUGAL(.E)
MAH
i s
king, Konig ; sem,
MA
NI-L AL-E
i3
a k a 1.
sarrum.
make, machen; sem.
to
MAL.MAL(.A)
ENIM.
sem. sirum.
sublime, erhaben;
MA.AN
ku1
sakanum;
v.
verbal prefix (3. pers.) Verlalprafix.
ibtum (ms); MAS-BI

MAS GI.NA = sibtum kinum;
1) interest, Zins; sem.
iba(t)zu;
2)? (34, 21).
MES
MU
affix
of the plural
B.
sumum;
MU-NI.IM
name, Name; sem.
Jahr
sem.
sat
;
turn; 3) nominal
sumsu; 2) year,
1)
suffix (1. pers.),
MULTJ man,
MU.UN
Nominahuffix;
cf.
AMA.
person, Mensch, Person; sem.
awilum.
verbal prefix (3. pers.), Verbalprafix.
NE.A.A&
14,
42
affix
of the relative clause, Affix im
Relativsatz ?
NE.IB
verbal prefix (3. pers.)
NE.NE nominal
suffix
(3.
Verbalprafix.
pers. plur.), Nominalsuffix ;
sem. -sunu.
NI
1)
nominal
suffix
(3. pers.),
-su; 2) verbal prefix (3. pers.),
Nominalsuffix;
Verbalprafix.
sem.
30
NU
nickt;
not,
MAL.A
sem.
1ft,
ul;
ENIM NU(.UM)-MAL.
ENIM.
iragam;
FAD(.DE), rarely PAD.DA to swear, schworen; sem.
tarn urn; IN-PAD = it ma; IN-PAD.DE-(M)ES =
ul
cf.
itmu.
RA
postpos. to, against, an, fur, gegen; sem.

to
BU(.A)
make, machen; sem.
epesum;
ana.
sign no. 37,
once no. 15.
SAG(.GA) heart, Herz; sem. lib bum; SAG.GA-(A.)NI

libbusu.
SAG.SAR.RA
40, 18 of uncertain meaning.
SAM 1) to buy, kaufen ; sem. samum (on?); IN.Sl.INSAM = is am; 2) price, Preis; sem. si mum; SAM
TEL.LA-BI-U = ana simisu gamrim to its
full price,
SI
in SI ...
zu seinem vollen Preise.
SA.SA.A
to lead aright, recht leiten ;
Sutesurum (1n
III
2);
SI
sem.
NE.IB-SA.SA.A
ustesir(?).
SIB shepherd, Hirt ; sem. reum.

SU 1) hand, Hand; sem. k a turn; SU
borrow, ne&men, leihen; sem.
BA.AN-TI
for,
zu,
likum
il(te)ê. 2) written
fur; sem. ana;
KA.SAR
TI
(I 1,
KU;
MU
to take,
I 2);
SU
postpos. to,
1
KAM U
ana kiir sattim
isti at.
SUM
to give, geben; sem.
nadanum; MA.AN-SUM
idinnam
&U.NIR
(PN).
surinnum; SU.NIR
Surinnu rabutum.
standard, Panier; sem.
GAL.GAL.LA
31
SU,SILIM.MA
TA
postpos.
42 of uncertain meaning.
an, in, von; sem.
at, in, of,
GU&KIN-TA
TEL(.LA)
14,
1) to be finished, fertig sein; sem.
AL-TEL = gamir;
cf. &AM.
TI
v.
ina, i&tu;
of gold, aus Gold.
2) full,
voll; sem.
IM (perm.)
gamrum;
SU.
TI(L), TI.LA to keep alive, am Leben erhalten (PN);

sem. uballit.
TU.RA
sem.
to
bring
surubum
in,
dedicate,
hineinschaffen, weihen;
(31^. Ill 1.).
UD) day, Tag; sem. umum; U-KUR-SU

ana matema, q. v.
US, usually US.8A in MU US(.SA) following year,
(written
folgendes Jahr.
ZI.BI.ES 40, 17 of uncertain meaning.
OF PROPER NAMES.
LIST
II.
ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY.
NB.
t,
and
name
after
t.
name; /.
name of
of a temple;
c.
t after
mas-
feminine per-
town
name
tpl.
of a canal.
Adi-anniam m.
c.
Adl-matl-ill m.
Aham-nersi m.
Aa-sitl /.
Aa-tallik /.
'Ahatani /.
Abba-tabum m.
Abattum
Abdum
Ahatum
m.
/.
/.
Abi-esuh m,
Ahujatum m.
Abijatum m.
Ahum
Abil-ilisu m.
Ahusina m.
Abil-Sin m.
m.
Ajatija /.
Abunum
Akija m.
m.
m.
urn m.
(3,
9 perhaps
not proper name).
Abu(m)-w(j)akar m.
Ada
s,
Abbreviations: m.
personal
name
Aabba m.
Aa-hegal
have been inserted
after k.
culine
sonal
Akilama m.
Akkadum
t.
33
Aksaja m.
Awil-Istar m.
Alikum
Awil (MULU?>NIN.SU.NA
m.
Aluka m.
m.
Amat^MA.MU
Amat-Samas
Awil-Ramman
/.
m.
Awil-Sin m.
/.
Awiluma
Ammi-ditana m.
Ammi-saduga m.
m.
m.;
Awil-zi-ja
Ammi-saduga-nuhus-nisl
c.
reading un-
certain.
Amurrum-ibn! m.
AZAG-DUMU.ZI
Amurrum-nas.ir m.
Azalija m.
Amur-Sin m,
Azatum
Amururn
Babilum
m.
/ (?
perhaps m.}.
t.
Ana-Aa-uznl /.
Bananum
Ana-beltl-taklaku /.
Barilatum /.
Ana-Samas-taklaku m.
Bel...,
Annidabba#&. 18, 7; reading
Belak(k)um m.
m.;
perhaps
Arahtum
Arwium
cf.
Hum
Awil
cf.
Belijatum m.
Belis(z)unu /.
Belitum /.
Belsunu m.
c.
m.
Atkal-ana-beltl f.
.
v. Ellil...
Belilanum m.
Anum(nu-um)-abl.
Anum
m.
Belanum m.
not certain.
Annum-ab!
m.
MULU.
Beltanl /.
Beltl-male /.
Awil-Amurrim m.
Betani /.
Awil (MULU?)-DA.MU m.
Bititum /.
Awilija m.
Bit-Karkara
Awil-ilim(- Anim ?) m.
Bunamasar
t.
m., not certain.

3
34
Bunini-abi m.
Ellil-abum m.
Bur-Nunu m.
Ellil-ilum m.
Bur-Ramman
m.
Ellil-nadin-sumi m.
Bur-Sin m.
Ellurum m.
Burtan! /.
Buzatum m.
E.ME.TE.UR.SAG
E.NAM.TI.LA m.
Dabitum
EN.KI-MA.AN.SUM(=Ea-
/.
Dakkum
m.
tpl.
idinnam) m.
Ennam-ill m.
Damifctum /.
(27, 24).
Da-Seg(?)
t.
Dili-ilum
(-Anum ?)
m.} not
Ennam-Sin m.
'
Ennam-Samas m.
firibam m.
certain.
DUMU-NIN.HAR.SAG.GA
m.
firib-Sin m.
Eristi-Aa /.
Dur-miiti
Eristl-Samai /.
t.
Ea-hegal m.
Eristum /.
Ea-idinnam m.
E.TEL.AN.NA
Ea-mudamik
m.
E.TEL.AN.NA-MA.AN.
Ea-na'id m.
perhaps to be
8UM(?)
tpl.
m.
Etellum m.
read Ea-nada.
Ebarbarram-lumur m.
Etel-pi-Nabi'um m.
Ebarbarrum
Etel-pi-UR.RA m.
tpl.
E.UL.MAS tpl.
Gablum name(?) ofanw^^-
fibirum m.
E.HE
tpl.
B.KI.BI.GI
asrisu-ter)
(=
m.
Bitam-ana-
rum; perhaps not proper
name (=
Eli-erisa /.
Gagum
Bllil-abi m.
Ga'ilatum /.
t.
-kablum?).
35
Gamilum m.
Gaminanum
Ibku-Nabi'um m.
t.
Ibku-Nar-Irnina m.
(?)
Gimil-Marduk m.
Gimil-NIN.SUN
Ibkusa m.
.;
per-
U-NIN.SUN.
haps
Gizanu name (?)of an ugarum;

perhaps not proper name.
Habil-kinu m,
Ibku-Samas m.
Ible <.(?)
Ibni-Amurrum m.
IbnI-Ellil m.
Ibnl-Ramman m.
Hajatum m.
Ibni-SAK.KUD(NIN.IB)/.
Halijatum /.
Ibni-Samas m.
Ham(m)u-rabl m.
IbnI-Tishu m.
m.
Happatum
Ibnl-Urra m.
Harirum m.
Idadum m.
Hilur
Idin-Ellil m.
m.-,
uncertain.
Humurum
m.
Idinja m.
Hunabija /.
Idin-MA.MU
Ibalut m.
Idin-Nunu m.
Ibgatum m.
Idin-Sin m.
Ibija m.
Idin-Samas m.
Ibi-NIN.SAH m.
Ibi-Sa'an m.
Igmilum m.
Ikatum m.
Ibku-Aa m.
Ikun-pi-Sin m.
Ibku-Annunitum m.
Ikiin-pisa m.
Ibku-Antum m.
Ill-dumki /.
Ibku-ilisu m.
Ili-eribam m.
Ibku-Ishara m.
Ili-gimlanni m.
Ibku-Istar m.
Ill-imnanni m.
Ibkum
Ill-istikal
m.
m.
m.
3(5
Ili-ite
m.
Imgur-Ea m.
Ilima-ahi m.
Imgur-Kes m.
Ili-malikki m.
Imgurrum
Ilima-ta'ar m.
Imgur-Sin m.
Ill-mat! m.
Ina-kati-Samas m.
Ili-rimeannl m.
Ina-libbim-irset f.
Ili-tappisu m.
Inbum
Iluma m.
Innabatum /.
Ilum(Anum ?)-abl
m.
m.
Iptur-Sin m.
Ilum( Anum ?)-idin m.
Isi
Ilum(Anum ?)-imanum-
Isin(na)
gama m. very uncertain.

Ilum(Anum ?)-lamsiga m.
Isarum m.
Ilum(Anum ?)-malik
m.
?)-musalim m.
Ilum(Anum ?)-pi-Aa m.
IIum(Anum ?)-pi-Sin
Hum (Anum ?)-rabl
m.
t.
Iskun-Marduk
Isme-Sin m.
very uncertain.
Ilum(Annm
m.
m.
m.
-Istar-ummi /.
Isum-gamil m.
Isum-nasir m.
Itti-Ea m.
Izamanum
m.
Ilum( Anum?)- seme m.
Izigatar m.
Ilusu-abusu m.
Jadih-el m.
Ilusu-banl m.
Jagab-el m.
Ilusu-ella(t)zu m.
Jakub-el m.
Ilusu-ibi(su) m.
Jakubu(m) m.
Ilusu-ibnl m.
Jahkub-el m.
Ilusu-nasir m.
Japsu m.
Imdi-Ellil m.
Japus m.
Imguja m.
Kalkatum m.
t.
Karanatum
/.
Mahnub-ilim m.
KA'-sa-Kes m.
KA'-sa-NIN.TU m.
Majatum /.
Makula m.; very
KA'-sa-Nunu m.
Manatum
Kes-gamil m.
Kiniszuma m.: very uncer-
Kunatum.
Maninum
m.
Man(n)um-balum-ilim m.
Mannum-ibasisi-belanu m.
tain.
Kisusu m.
Manum
Kittum-sululi m.
Marduk-lamazasu m.
Kunatum
Marduk-musalim m.
Manatum.
v.
Kurkndum
Kurkurum
m.
m.
Marduk-tajur m.
m.
Mar-irsitim m.
Kis-Nunu m.
Mar-NIN.HAR.SAG.GA^.;
Kisti-Ea m.
KU ^-Istar
v.
DUMU.
Mar-Sippar m.
m.
Laljutum m.
Mar-Samas m.
Lamazi /,
Masiam-ili m.
Lazarura m.
Musum
Liburam m.
Matatum /.
Libur-nadisii m.
Meranaki
Lipit-Ellil m.
MER.RA
m.
m.\ uncertain.
...
or
Rammun-
m.
4,
20;
Lipit-Istar m.
ra
Lisimurum
uncertain.
Luhutum
t.
m.\ uncertain.
Lustamar-Sin m.
1)
The
meaning.
to
perhaps
?#.;
be read
KA'-sa-5r>amas m.
uncertain.
tablet has not
Milki-itti-ilija
very
m.
Misarum-banl m.
GAZ; KU and GAZ have sometimes
the
same
38
Muhadditum
Nidnat-Sin m.
/.
MULU-NANNA(R)
Munawirtum
Munawirum
Nidnusa
m.
m.-
NIN.A.ZU
/.
/.
NIN.GIR-abi m.
m.
Mupahirum m.
Mutablum m.
NINNI-AMA-MU /.
NM.SAH-MA.AN.SUM
Nabl-ilisu m.
Nisi-inisu f.
Nabl-Sin m.
Nuratum
Nabl-Samas m.
Nur-Ea m.
m.
Nab(p)ritum /.
Nurija m.
Nahimum
Nur-ilisu m.
m.
Nakarum
Nur-KAB.TA
m.
Nakimum
Nur-Marduk
m.
Namram-serum m.
m.
m.
NANNA(R)-MA.AN.SUM
m.
Nur-Samas m.
Nurum
m.
Nutubtum
/.
Paka-ila m.; uncertain.
NANNA(R)-MULU.TI(L)
m.
Nanum
m.
m.
Niir-Sin m.
NANNA(R)-AZAG.GA
NANNA(R)-IGI.RA
m.
Palatum /.
Pirhi-ilisu m.
m.
Piri-Aa m.\
Puhanum
Naram-ilisu m.
Nar-Hammurabi
Nar-Irnina
c.
Nidintum /.
Rabatum
/.
Ramman-bani
m.
v.
Purattum Euphrates.
Putur-Sin m.
c.
Nfir-Samsuiluna
Nemelum
Nidadum
c.
read Wari-Aa.
m.
Idadum.
m.
Rammtm-idinnam m.
Ramman-la-sanan m.
39
Ramman-ra
cf.
MER.
RA...
Sin-idinnam
Sin-ilum m.
Ramman-rabi m.
Sin-ikisam m.
Ramman-rimeni m.
Sin-imgur(r)anni /.
Rapas-silli-Ea m.
Sin-isme'an(n)i m.
Ribam-ili m.
Sin-jatum
Ribatum
Sin-kasid m.
/.
(=
Sijjatum) m.
Rib-Nunu m.
Sin-le'i m.
Ris-Samas m.
Sin-ludlul m.
Salimatum /.
Sin-magir m.
Samamum
Sin-mubalit m.
m.
Samsu-iluna m.
Samu-la-el
Sanatam
Sin-musalim m.
Sumu-la-el.
v.
uncertain.
02.;
Sin-pidima m.
Sapatum m.
Sililum
m.',
Sin-nadin-sumi m.
Sin-nasir m.
cf.
Zililum.
Sin-putram m.
Sin-abusu m.
Sin-rimenl m.
Sin-adalal m.
Sin-rim-Urim m.
Sin-aham-idinnam m.
Sin-tappi-wedi m.
Sinatum
Sin-ublam m.
m.}
cf.
Zinatum.
Sin-bani m.
Sippar
Sin-bel-abli(m) m.
Sugagunm.; alsoZugagum.
Sin-bel-ili m.
S'umuja m.
t.
Sm-ella(t)s(z)u m.
Bumu-la-el m.
Sin-ennam m.
Sumu-rame
Sin-eriba(m) m.
a-ilisu m.
Sin-gamil m.
Sa-Ishara m.
Sin-hatti m.
Samaja m.
m.
40
Samas-ris
Samas-abilsunii m.
Samas-abusii m.
reading un-
m.:
certain.
Samas-balu(t)zu m.
Samas-serai m.
Samas-bfmi m.
Samas-sululi m.
Samas-da'fin m.
Samas-tajar m.
Samas-enmkl m.
Samas-tappisu m.
Samas-gfimil m.
Samuhtum
Samas-gatil m.
?U-Aa /.
Samas-GU
m.\
uncertain.
Samas-gugal m.\ uncertain.

Samas-hasirum m.
(?
Seritum m.
Scrum-brim m.
Subna-el m.
Samas-in(a)-miitim m.
24
Solibu m.
Silfmum m.
Samas-hegai m.
Samas-ilum m.
Samas-iris
/.
9) m.\ un-
Summa-ilum(- Anum ?) m.
Sumuh-Sin m.
Sumu(m)-libsi m.
certain.
Samas-kasid m.
Sumum-lise m.
Samas-liwir m.
Sabi'um m.
Sabi'um-ilum m.
Samas-magir m.
Samas-MA.AN.SUM,
UTU.
v.
Sil(l)i-Istar m.
Sil(l)i-NIN.KAK.RA m.
Samas-mustesir m.
Sil(l)i-Rammun m.
Samas-mutabilsunu m.
Sil(l)i-Samas m.
Samas-napseram m.
Siz(z)ii-na(wi)rat m.
Samas-nasir m.
Tabgiri-Samas m.
Samas-nuri
Takumatum
f.
Samas-rabi m.
Samas-re'i m.
Tamlatum
certain.
/.
m.;
reading not
41
Taram-Akkadam
-
Taram-UL.MAS
Uruk
/.
t.
Urum
/.
t.
Taribatum /.
UstasnI-ilum(-Anum
Taribum m.
Utul-Istar m.
Taskun-Istar
Tisit-Ellil
Tuplias
t.
c.
district
near
Elam.
?)
m.
UTU-MA.AN.SUM m.
UTU-SU-MU.UN.DIB
m.
Warad-Amurrim
m.
Warad-Ellil m.
Turukum
Warad-ilisu m.
31, 14.
TU.TU-HE.GAL
c.
Warad-Ishara m.
Warad-Istar m.
Tabija m.
Tabum name (?)
of an uga-
Warad-kubi m.
rum\ perhaps not proper
Warad-Nunu
name.
Warad-Rammiui
Tab-Urum
m.
m.
Warad-Sin m.
m.
Ubar-NIN.IB m.
Warad-Samas m.
Ubarrija m.
Wardum
m.
Ubarrum m.
Warl-Aa
m.; cf. Piri-Aa.
'Ubar-Samas m.
UL.MAS
v.
Zaban
E.UL.MAS.
Umml-Arahtum
/.
Umml-Ishara /.
Ummi-tabat /.
Upakum
Zabbum
Zikilaja m.
Zililum
UR.RA-bani m.
Zinatum
UR.RA-gamil
UR.EA-nasir m.
m.
Zarikum m.
Urkitum-lamazi /.
m.
t.
Zanik-gabe m.
Zilakum
m.
Zaman?)
(or
c.
m.-,
cf.
m.',
Sililum.
cf.
Sina-
tum.
Zizzu-na(wi)rat v. S.
Zugagum
also
m.\
gum.
Zuha name
rnm; perhaps not proper
Suga-
name.
of an uga-
(?)
Zu-ila m.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

p.
XI, 1. 8. Quite recently a treatise on old Babylonian legal

documents has appeared by W. HAZUKA. (Beitrdge aus den altbabylonischen Rechtsurkunden zur Erkldrung des Hammurabi-Kodex.
Teil
I.
[Berlin thesis] 1907).
Note that in the Sign-List
p.
(a)
accordance with the tran-
in
the glossary, k is to be substituted for

q, and (b) that to save space the mimmation is omitted.
44, no. 86 add: GlS.LI&GAL
"mdkaltu,
in
adopted
scription
GIS.LI&/TUR =
KI.UD add
p. 46, no.
137: to
p. 47, no.
176: read
I&KUR
the List of Proper
Names
p.
i'nalpatu or
maskanu.
instead
37 b,
1.
of
MER;
22 and
p.
same in
(the
39,
1.
1).
Glossary.
p.
1.
In accordance with the author's grammar,
scribed by j, not
vowel
p.
4,
1.
cf.
y;
for the difference
13,
1.
has been tran~

and
over a
3k.
20 read
bull, three years old, instead of: bull of three
years.
p.
between
4 read
-D
instead of
TD.
-1-
r ff^r
BT^F4r
Tf
Tf
I-
BE
<
rf
K<r
rf
TP
-3-
^rrrr
i^r rr
ff
<
^ ATMf ^f
<F-
Tf
<F-
nf
t
TfTf
-f-
FF
pa
IT
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4r?
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If
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44
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10
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SET
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APR 2 3
1993

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SEMITIC STUDY SERIES

MORRIS JASTROW Jr.

SEMITIC STUDY SERIES

GOTTHEIL and MORRIS JASTROW

SEMITIC STUDY SERIES

GOTTHEIL and MORRIS JASTROW

OP THE KOYAL MUSK.UM AT BERLIN

In publishing this part of the Semitic Study Series

embodying a selection of the business

the Persian period are in preparation

UNGNAD and CLAY

respectively, and they hope also to

on documents of the Cassite

documents was inaugurated by the publication of about

These tablets had been discovered by

at Tell-Sifr near the ancient

Senkereh), in the southern part of Babylonia.

belonged to the reigns of Nur-Kamman, Rim-Sin,

murabi and Samsu-iluna. The style and writing of these

wait for more material, before a better

This material was gained through purchases made by

WALLIS BUDGE who, on

lonia, acquired for the British

which must be considered the

further researches concerning this

1) Die altbabylonischen Vertrdge aus

of these tablets enabled B. MEISBNER

Warka (Verhandlungen des fiinften

Beitrdge zum altbabylonischen Privatrecht (Assyriologische Sillio-

thek, Vol. XI), Leipzig, 1893.

MBISSNBR edited and translated 111

had been purchased for the Royal Museum at

others which he did not publish.

Dr. BUDGE obtained several more collections, and in 1896

together with the old

material not yet published by MBISSNER, was begun

TH. GK PINCHES in the Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian

containing the same kind of texts soon followed: IV

lent autograph copies,

119 documents of the Hammurabi-

dynasty together with translations of some of them.

the documents of the

TH. G. PINCHES edited a few tablets of this period

Henry Peek, London, 1888.

attempted translations must be used with caution.

edited according to their contents will be found on pp. 13

hitherto published, except those found

at Sippar in the north of Babylonia.

however, have also furnished contracts and legal

documents of the same period, as

the treatises based upon the published texts

mention those of PEISER

tained in these documents have been

belonging to the reigns of Ammiditaua and Ammisaduga

by the author on the

belonging to the Royal

PEISER in SCHEADEE'S Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek, Vol. IV,

DAICHES, Altbabylonische Rechtsurkunden (Leipziger Semitistische

der Vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft X, pp.

Lot enlist e der ersten Dynastie von Babylon (Sei-

trdge zur Assyriologie, Vol. IV, pp. 338

Vol. Ill, pp. 211