DATA ANALYSIS

TABLE 2
Step L>R

1>1
2>1
3>1
4>1
5>1

Operatin
g

Operatin
g

I T ( A)

cos

0.27
0.32
0.45
0.61
0.84

0.79
0.70
0.52
0.40
0.31

Power W

Desired
pf

Required
Var

Required
Step

48.7
49.6
52.1
54.5
57.6

0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95

-21.788
-34.300
-68.456
-106.961
-157.720

1
1
1
1
1

*Real
cos (
pf)
0.99
0.92
0.68
0.49
0.37

TABLE 3
Step L>R

1>3
2>3
3>3
4>3
5>3

Operatin
g

Operatin
g

I T ( A)

cos

0.96
0.56
0.60
0.80
0.96

0.58
0.92
0.87
0.69
0.58

Power W

Desired
pf

Required
Var

Required
Step

124.00
114.50
115.50
120.30
125.60

0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95

-133.403
-11.142
-27.494
-86.654
-135.124

1
0
1
1
1

*Real
cos (
pf)
1.00
0.92
0.92
0.78
0.65

TABLE 4
Step L>R

1>5
2>5
3>5
4>5
5>5

Operatin
g

Operatin
g

I T ( A)

cos

1.06
1.08
1.13
1.21
1.34

0.99
0.97
0.93
0.88
0.81

Required Var formula:

Power W

Desired
pf

Required
Var

Required
Step

232.00
231.00
236.00
237.00
239.00

0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95

43.197
18.032
-15.704
-50.021
-94.476

0
0
0
1
1

*Real
cos (
pf)
0.99
0.97
0.93
0.93
0.86

Q=P.K = P(tan( cos pf

cos1

))

tan

Table 2:

1>1

0.79
1
cos
1

Q=P.K = 48.7(tan( cos 0.95 ) ) = -21.788

tan

2>1

0.70
1
cos
1

Q=P.K = 49.6(tan( cos 0.95 ) ) = -34.300

tan

3>1

0.52
1
cos
1

Q=P.K = 52.1(tan( cos 0.95 ) ) = -68.456

tan

4>1

0.40
1
cos

1
cos
0.95

Q=P.K = 54.5(tan(
)) = -106.961

tan

5>1

0.31
cos1
1

Q=P.K = 57.6(tan( cos 0.95 ) ) = -157.720

tan

Table 3:

1>3

0.58
cos1
1

Q=P.K = 124(tan( cos 0.95 ) ) = -133.403

tan

2>3

092
cos1
1

Q=P.K = 114.50(tan( cos 0.95 ) ) = -11.142

tan

3>3

0. 87
cos1
1

Q=P.K = 115.5(tan( cos 0.95 ) ) = -27.494

tan

4>3

0. 69
cos1
1

Q=P.K = 120.3(tan( cos 0.95 ) ) = -86.654

tan

5>3

0. 58
cos1
1

Q=P.K = 125.6(tan( cos 0.95 ) ) = -135.124

tan

Table 4:

1>5

0. 99
cos1
1

Q=P.K = 232(tan( cos 0.95 ) ) = 43.197

tan

2>5

0. 97
cos1
1

Q=P.K = 231(tan( cos 0.95 ) ) = 18.032

tan

3>5

0 .93
cos1
1

Q=P.K = 236(tan( cos 0.95 ) ) = -15.704

tan

4>5

0. 88
cos1
1

Q=P.K = 237(tan( cos 0.95 ) ) = -50.021

tan

5>5

0. 81
cos1
1

Q=P.K = 239(tan( cos 0.95 ) ) = -94.476

tan

DISCUSSION
The advantages of power factor correction are:

1. REDUCED DEMAND CHARGES

Most electric utility companies charge for maximum metered demand based on either
the highest registered demand in kilowatts (KW meter), or a percentage of the highest
registered demand in KVA (KVA meter), whichever is greater. If the power factor is low, the
percentage of the measured KVA will be significantly greater than the KW demand.
Improving the power factor through power factor correction will therefore lower the demand
charge, helping to reduce your electricity bill.

2. INCREASED LOAD CARRYING CAPABILITIES IN EXISTING CIRCUITS

Loads drawing reactive power also demand reactive current. Installing power factor
correction capacitors at the end of existing circuits near the inductive loads reduces the
current carried by each circuit. The reduction in current flow resulting from improved power
factor may allow the circuit to carry new loads, saving the cost of upgrading the distribution
network when extra capacity is required for additional machinery or equipment, saving your
company thousands of dollars in unnecessary upgrade costs. In addition, the reduced current
flow reduces resistive losses in the circuit.

3. IMPROVED VOLTAGE
A lower power factor causes a higher current flow for a given load. As the line current
increases, the voltage drop in the conductor increases, which may result in a lower voltage at
the equipment. With an improved power factor, the voltage drop in the conductor is reduced,
improving the voltage at the equipment.

4. REDUCED POWER SYSTEM LOSSES

Although the financial return from conductor loss reduction alone is seldom sufficient
to justify the installation of capacitors, it is sometimes an attractive additional benefit;
especially in older plants with long feeders or in field pumping operations. System conductor
losses are proportional to the current squared and, since the current is reduced in direct
proportion to the power factor improvement, the losses are inversely proportional to the
square of the power factor.

5. REDUCED CARBON FOOTPRINT

By reducing your power systems demand charge through power factor correction,
your company is putting less strain on the electricity grid, therefore reducing its carbon
footprint. Over time, this lowered demand on the electricity grid can account for hundreds of

tons of reduced carbon production, all thanks to the improvement of your power systems
electrical efficiency via power factor correction.

A load with a power factor of less than 0.95 more reactive power is required. For a
load with a power factor value higher than 0.95 is considered good as the power is being
consumed more effectively and a load with a power factor of 1.0 or unity is considered
perfect and does not use any reactive power.

CONCLUSION
In this experiment we can conclude that the objectives of the experiment had been
achieved. The objective about understanding the power factor correction method had been
achieved by enhance the knowledge and understanding on theory and applications of reactive
power compensation at different load. Besides that, the reactive power compensation
(capacitive) with subject to operating power factor had been calculated and record on the
table. Next, we had wired and operated of the Power Factor Correction Unit with the aid of
diagram provided. Lastly, we also had wired and operated resistive, inductive ad capacitive
loading unit.