Professional Documents
Culture Documents
F. J. Garber, SPE, University of Southwestern Louisiana And, J. G. Osorio, University National de Colombia
F. J. Garber, SPE, University of Southwestern Louisiana And, J. G. Osorio, University National de Colombia
F. J. Garber, SPE, University of Southwestern Louisiana And, J. G. Osorio, University National de Colombia
SPE 36105
cwmwfm.wd~
EI@IW81Y
lhii PwwvMszforwcarWmI
titi
Fwth Lath AmaicMmmd CuL=aI
Ca#awca
W
in Pml-al-SIMh, TM
~ Tc&wJ, 2M6 A@
Polmhwn E~
19%.
Thiipapwwss
toMWfWfWSNIWM
LVUNSPE P~C4f?ImkINfCUUWhJ*OI
mfumak-mc=xtmedhmtib_
81@Mki@d
bytlwudtmf(s).
Cadlh
WWS9
Ervhnrsmdmu@ocl Io
pmsw-tcd, hmrKIIbe6n
rwwmdbYWNScd@tY
c4Pdrohm
oarncknbylhaqt)
Thlmluicl, up8utM9idanf
cw t-alhluy
INTRODUCITON
ABSTRACT
Empirical PVT correlations are presented for estimating bubblepoint pressure, solution gas-oil ratio, oil formation volume
factor, and isothermal compressibility. To develop the above
comelations, the data base consisted of ninety-eight PVT
laboratory analyses for Colombian crude oils. llse gas-oil
ratios, gas gravities, oil gravities, and formation volume factors
involved in the development of the correlations are the result of
one, two and three-stage flash separation as recorded tim PVT
samples analyzed in the laboratory.
Tle effect of separator conditions on the predktion of the
bubble-point pressure, solution gas+il ratio and oil formation
volume t%ctor is studied. A new correlation that corrects the
separator solution giss-oil ratio for separator conditions is
provided. Improved ccsmelationsfor estimating the bubble-point
pressure, hnsed on the corrected separator solution gas-oil ratio,
are developed. In addition, total solution gas-oil ratio and oil
formation volume factor correlations based on separator data are
presented. Since the stock-tank gas-oil ratio and stock-tank gas
gravity are not usually measured in the fiel~ these correlations
PVT properties.
represent a rwdiatic form of Mtmladng
311
Famhada17for ~
of Mexico csude
tibothatdk
aahowtha
tthaema
Oik.
~C
madts ObtZid
ybeconsidemble errors
emprncal PVT Curelationa
Gfnprnd Carelations
experimentallydetermined data pints on 22 di&rent cnldeoilhatuml-gas mixtures from C4difomia to develop his
cmdations.
The PVT data used were the result of a 2-stage
flash sepamtion at a cxmstant temperature of 100F. The first
stage pressure varied between 250 psi imd 450 psi and the
second stage pressure was maintained constant at atmospheric
~.
~e-~t~~=m-w~
*of
312
nhrogen~dhydmgen
atdfk%carbon dioxide was~at
cmccntratmns less than one mole pcmcat. Wading
pointed
out that the condunder which his cadatkm
were
developed are considered to approximate the avemge Califmia
Opemting clmiitions.
In 1957 Trubel* presated a graphii
cxmelation fm
determining compressibility of umk@uaM
hydmabon
reservoir fluids. The pmdwdud
CnnpreKdil&, (Mined
as the oil compressibility times the paeudoaitid
pmsaurG was
cOrmh@ graphically, as function of psewbmduced prcsure
and tempwature. Trubels did not presmt stadadd ~
concerning the data used fm developing this codadon.
In 1958 bsaterg presented a caelation of the bubblopoint presswe as function of thegasgmvity, tempaatureand
gas mole tiaction. Since the gas mole &actkM is a fimction of
the oil mokcular weighg Lasate? also presemted a cormkkion
for determining the molecular weight of tank oil fkom the API
gravity so that the bubble-pointpressure cxmdation could be
applied when only field data is available. His correlations wem
based on 158 PVT sampks fiorn 137 independent systems
produced in Cam+
Western and Mid-C0ntin4mtal United
States, and South America
In 1973 Cronquist6 published a set of dimensionkss
graphical empiricat PVT correlations for Gulf Coast reservoir
oils. In the development of these cmdati~
Cronquist
defined dimensionless oressure. dimensionless cumulative
gas evolution, and dimensionless shrinkage, which allows
one to determine the bubble-point pressure, the solution gas-oil
ratio, and the oil fommtion vohune fhctor, respectively. Ihe
correlations were based on 80 oil samplesfkom31 fields.
In 1980 Glasos presented comelations for -ming
the
bubble-point
pressure and oil fmation
volume fhc$or as a
function of solution gas-oil ratio, total gas gravity, reservoir
Mnpemtm andtank-oil gravity. The PVTdatausedwerethe
result ofa2-stage tlaahsepamtion ata constant temperatumof
125F. he wpamtor pressure was held constant at 414.7 psia
fix the tlrst stage, and 14.7 psia fm the second stage. GIMo*
used data tl-om 45 oil sampl~ most of which came fi-om the
Nwth Sea re on.
F
GISSOS CQ~hthS
were developed for oil with U(3P
&mtmhtion
fbctom of 11.9 (oik with pamtlicinities
equivaknt to No* Sea Oik). A comection to the API ~ity
Wassuggeated wheathe correlations are applied tocrudeoik
Uhrmnntely, this
with parafficinities other than 11.9.
corrccdonrcqubes osletousethegravity ofthe Ktidualoil6wm
adiffknntial
sepamdqinfimnation
which ismtsdi.ly
avaikbk fknn field data
Gkso* provided a method for cormctm
gtheprdcted
bubblepoint pressure fm the pmaence of carbon nitrogen and hydrogen sultlde. The cmedioo
factors area
function of the mole fractions of the non-hydmcadmn
313
Studkdwere devdopedunda
difkatumditiorw
depding
onthermmbero ffleklw pamtoratagea
artdkwthevariabka
conelated. Baeause of thelwge number ofmodcls uzedas
q~
~04
@
tboze models yielding the beat
comelations m pmaellted here.
CORRECTING
CORRELATIONS
FOR
SEPARATOR GAS GRAVITY AND SOLUTION
THE
GAS-
OIL RATIO
Charlges inprmaure
and ~~-fhe
produchofre-servoir
fluid scauzmsohltior lgastobelii
fium the oil p&se. llw volume and gravity of the gas evolved
atwhiiaurhce
wpamdonis
-~~~
perfbrmed.
Theamountofgas
liiiaminimii
attheoptimum
(2)
-~~.
rfti~--ubbw
the optimum wpamtor pressure, the volmne and gravity of the
premureincmses.
gas liberated decrmsm asthesepammr
Camrsety,
fix wpamtor pressurea above the optimum
y~,tivolumedmoftigmfiti
Creaseaastbe sepmtorpmasure incremm.
The e!lkclofthe wpamtortempemture and preasum on the
gas gravity and solution gas-oil ratio suggests that their
inclusion in the development of empirical PVT comdations
should result in an improvement of the pmdkted values. A
method was proposed by Vasquez and Beggs19 accomplishing
irr part this objective. It consists of cmeding the gravity of the
gas liberated ibm a sepammr opemting at a specific pressure to
the value that would have resulted if the sepamtor presme were
114.7 psia. Ihe comected gravity is then used as an independent
variable in the PVT comelationa.
Two correlations were developed to detamine the effect
of separator conditions on the prdcdon of PVT popertiea
Introduced intbisstudy isanaddidonal caredlo n fm solution
gas-oil ratio. These correlations correct the solution gas-oiI ratio
andthegas gravity msultingfkorn asepamtor opemting ata
specific presawe to tbe values that would have resulted if the
~oetiamfmu~.
Itwasfoundrhatin
most of the PVT analyses aveilabk for tbia research the
optimum aepamtor pmaure was in the range of 54.7 and 164.7
paia (these reauka C&l&k with Wk4t hquez and -9
found). Therefore, it was deckkd to select a value of 114.7 paia
asthereferlmce presaum.
Itwaspoatulated tbattheecambon should be performed
not Udy on the gas gravity, as suggested by Viizquez and
Beggs9,but also on the solution~il
ratio for the following
reasons. F~asstatede
arlicr,b othpamrnetemd ependonthe
condkions at whkb the aepamtion is made. Secondly, in routine
Iieldpmcticeq thegaslii
fiorntbe wpamtorto thestock
tank k vented to the atmosphere, lltemfore, the stock-tank gas
gravity and adution gas-oil ratio is seldom measured. fhis
landthemnges
0.599 to 1.329
0.573to 1.337
67 to 1~00
SolutionGORat separatorcondii
otherthan 114.7psia!scfWI-13
66 to 1230
0.827 to 0.931
-r
km-,
68 to
p-m
OF
Pk
100
34.7 to 514.7
314
&= %pamtorgas-oil
ratio obtained at corsditions
T = tesnpemture, F
lle avemge relative error for this eurrelation is 13.32??with a
standarddeviation of 37,02V0. Fi~ 3 shows the crossplot for
this correlation. The ranges of the data covered m the
Comelationare presented in Table 1.
of T= and Pv SCVSTB
llw average reladve error for this correlation is 0.57V0
with a standard deviation of 6. 17%. The torielationcoefficient
is 0.997. The crossplot for this correlation is shown in Figure 2.
p,
33.22[
p18281
~.
o(o000037T-00
42Ap)
An improved correlation was obtained by correlating the
corrected separator gas gravity, Yw,and the corrected solution
gas-oil ratio, ~. These values were estimated fiwnr equations 2
and 3, respectively.
The regression analysis yielded the
following equation:
l%is equation showed an average relative error of -3.49% with a
standard deviation of 14.61?40.The crossplot for this correlation
is shown in Figure 4.
Bubble-Point
Separation
Pressure
Correlations
Based on Two-Stage
Based on Single-Stage
Bubbl&Point Pressure
Three-Stage Separation
Correlation
where
~ = total solution gas-oil ratio, scfZSTB
Y*= average gas gravity (air=l)
API = stock-tank oil API gravity, API
316
~8,81
The
~,o)
on
SingI&Stage
(11)
316
This correlation showed an average tdative esmr of 6.85% with a standard deviation of 32.5%. The cmsplot fm
this condation is shown in Figure 14. The ranges of the
parameterscoveredin the correlationare presentedin Table 4.
COMPARISON OF CORRELATIONS
reiation:
BO= , + , ~1-2.W14.SSKwAW.3331
HA)]
(15)
where:
+ ()<09T6xT
A = R,0sgMX&an@X&-132n
The averagerelativeerror of the correlationis 0.00028%
with a standarddeviation of 0.03380A. The crossplot for this
Oil Formation
CORRELATION
FOR
COMPRESSIBILITYOF OIL
THE
ISOTHERMAL
where:
~=
~o.,m
f3.66w
and Glasos
correlations
performed
Very pooriy
at km bubble-
pressures.
For intermediate and high bubble-point
pmsures, the results obtained !ium Standings correlations
point
~c4210sm11.011y4.1616
317
CONCLUSIONS
I. Empirical PVT correlations for estimating bubble-point
pressure, solution gas-oil ratio and oil formation volume
fiactor have been developed W
on sirdar work by
Standmg.Equations (6), (9), (10),(1 1), (12), (13),(15),(16),
(17) and (18) form the basis for calculating the bubble-point
pressures, solution gas-oil ratios and oil formation volume
factors and undemmmkd -oil compressibility. TIIese
correlations are based on results of PVT laboratory analyses
of Colombian crude oils.
2. A new correlation that corrects the separator solution gas-oil
ratio to a ref-~
sepator pressure has been developed.
Equation (3) forms the basis for calculating the corrected
separator solution gas-oil ratio. Estimated and measured
conected separator solution gas-oil ratios were compared.
This comparison as well as the stdistical analysis of this
correlation showed that the correlation can be applied with a
high degree of accuracy.
3. Improved correlations for estimating the bubble-point
pressure have been developed. The improvement of these
correlations was achieved by introducing the new correction
factor on the sepamtor solution gas-oil ratio.
4. Bubble-point pressure, oil formation volume factor, and
solution gas-oil ratio correladom based on corrected
separator data have been developed. Since the stock-tank
gas gravity and stock-tank solution gas-oil ratio is seldom
measured in the field these correlations represent a more
realistic form of estimating PVT properties thao PVT
correlations based on totrd solution gas-oil ratio and average
gas gravity.
5. The numtm?rof surface sepiuator stagea was used as criterion
to develop dfierent correlations for the bubble-point
pesswe, the solution gas-oil ratio and the oil formation
volume f-r.
6. Deviations fkom experimentally determined &@ indicated
as average relative errora, standard deviations and croaaplots
were lower for thii study than for estimations baaed on other
published empirical PVT correlations.
(15) and (17) of this study were used for this evaluation.
standings, Glasos:, A1-Marhounsl, Dokla-osnlans7,
Petrosky-Farshads1, and this studys results am expressed as a
tlmction of the total solution gas-oil ratio, the average gas
gravity, the stock-ta@ oil gravity and the reservoir temperature.
~is atud~s, Standmgs*4,and Petmsky-Farahadsll correlations
yielded approximately equal maults. In general, the four
emrdations showed very low relative emors, lhii confirms that
the oil formation volume factor cxmelations are more general
thanthe otbercomhtionsconsid
eredinthis
study and can
safely be used for @mates on a wide variety of crude oils, as
WW pointed out by Standing].
Vazquez-Begga19 correlation and Equation (17) of tlm
study were used to *
the oil formation volume factor.
Both correlations again showed approximately same accuracy.
ISOTHERMAL
NOMENCLATURE
API
BO
B&
COMPRESSIBLIJTY
318
= flashbubble-pointoil formationvolume
factor, sct7sTB
= isothermaloil compressibility,PsK1
= presum, psia
= bubble-pointpressure,psia
= averageprmsure,psia
= actualaepamtorpressure,psia
= total solutiongas-oil ratio, sct7STB
(1959)216,23-25.
6. Cronqui~ C., 1973, Dirnensionkw PVT Behavior of Gulf
Coast Reservoir Oils, ~
1973) 538-542.
actualseparatortemperature,F
gas gravity(air= 1)
averagegas gravity(air= 1)
correctedseparatorgas gravity(air= 1)
12.
b
c
d
d
i
o
g
-y
=
=
=
=
=
A Viscosity
for Gas-SaturaW Cmde Oils, Trans. AIME
= bubble-point
=comcted
= dead oil
= di&ereotial
initial
= oil
P
13.
14.
15.
REFERENCES
319
= gkm
= m3
= ~x~
= c
Id%
-K
= std m3/m3