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Glass Processes: Caroline Hsia, Jackie Allen, Althea Rosen, James Davis
Glass Processes: Caroline Hsia, Jackie Allen, Althea Rosen, James Davis
Glass Processes: Caroline Hsia, Jackie Allen, Althea Rosen, James Davis
Overview
The Many Uses of Glass
Equipment & Technology
Advantages & Disadvantages
Economics
The Future of Glass
Case study: CFLs
Equipment & Technology
Advantages
Economics
The future
Conclusion
Glass Processes
Rolled
Patterned Flat Glass
Wired Glass
Float
Flat Glass
Buildings & Vehicles
Blown
Bottles
Jars
Bowls/Chinaware
Spun
Specialty Products
Figurines, Christmas
Ornaments, etc.
Advantages of Glass
100% recycling capability
Environmentally friendly manufacturing processes and
products
Exceptional chemical durability
Multi-faceted optical properties
Many diverse, unique applications
Least expensive form of packaging in food industry
Does not diffuse into contents of packaging, like polymers
Disadvantages of Glass
Long distance distribution is hard due to the weight of glass
Some specialty glass such as TV tubes does not justify
recycling due to insufficient volume
Causes environmental problems primarily in 3rd world
countries
Manufacturing facilities are specialized
Facilities for one type of glass cannot be easily adapted
to produce other types
Brittle
Glass production is energy intensive and often expensive
Unlike polymers, it is hard to enhance or incorporate new
properties in glass
Economics
Economics
Economics
Economics
- 4 main segments = $1.6 billion in energy per year
- ~ 14% total production costs
- ~ 38% production costs = heating process
- Improvements:
- Heat generation
- Heat containment
- Heat transfer
- Waste heat recovery
Oxy-fuel Improvements
Direction of heat
Penetration
Improved efficiency
Consistency in heating
Water saturation
Ion Exchange
CFLs: Economics
Questions?
References
1. "Glass - Industry of The Future" NREL, Office of Industrial
Technologies
2. http://eelndom1.ee.doe.gov/OIT/oitpdf.
nsf/Files/ionexchange.pdf/$file/ionexchange.pdf
3. http://www.osti.gov/glas/Glass%20R&D%20Project%
20Factsheets/Cullet%20Preheater.pdf
4. http://www.ceramicindustry.
com/Articles/Feature_Article/0d1a52c7f1ac7010VgnVCM10
0000f932a8c0____
5. http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?
fuseaction=find_a_product.
showProductGroup&pgw_code=LB