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NTV company presents:
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To the 300th anniversary of
the Russian Empire,
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and the 300th anniversary
of St. Petersburg.
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The empire could have ceased to
exist afterthe first emperor 5
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the first and the last.
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It would've been the case when
an exceptional state
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existed solely by the will of an
exceptional monarch. As if by
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intent the first years after
Peter's death were a proof-test.
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The dynasty fever.
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For a short time the country
is ruled by widow Catherine.
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Then for an equally short time by grandson Peter II.
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Followed by the more stable and
lengthy 'women's era'.
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Ten years of the rule of

Peter's niece Anna, and

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twenty years of the rule of
Peter's daughter Elizaveta.
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They remembered about her and
thought: What a lucky thought!
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She had a reputation for being
non-ambitious, easily influenced.
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Anna loanovna was the daughter
of Peter's stepbrother lvan.
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The widowed duchess of Kurzeme.
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This tiny Baltic estate was
destined
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to play a special role in
Russia's history.
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The greater part of the then
Latvia was Livland with the
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capital Riga, and the smaller
part - Kurzeme.
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The capital of Kurzeme - Mitava
- Is modern Yelgava. We know it
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by the automobile plant 'RAF',
that produced Soviet minibuses.
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Two ports - Libava and Vindava
now Liepae and Vensprus.

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Kurzeme was Poland's vassal,
but because of the two ports
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the little duchy is the bone of
contention for Prussia and Russia.
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That's why Peter married his
niece off to the local duke.
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Anna's husband, the duke of
Kurzeme, soon died. She took
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over as sole ruler, and
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for 20 years watched overthe
two ports forthe Russian Empire.
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Members of the Supreme Secret
Council, who 'appointed' Anna to
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the throne, submitted her a list
of conditions limiting her power.
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At first Anna agreed to the
conditions,
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but later simply tore the paper
into shreds.
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One of the restrictions: not
to ever bring Biron to Russia.
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Anna's favorite will become the
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most dark figure in Russia's
history,
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more notorious than the empress
herself.
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'Bironovschina' will become the
symbol of the predominance of
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'seasonal' foreigners, who
'sucked all Russia's juices'.
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Lomonosov-about Biron:
Pride, arrogance and anger 43
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'- All have merged in this
monster of a man.
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Biron and Anna are very close.
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The widowed empress lives in
Biron's family.
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They say she is he mother of
his youngest son.
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Wishing to justify the obtrusive
presence of herfavorite in
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St. Petersburg Anna presses for
putting Biron on the Kurzeme
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throne. After all he is a duke
and the ruler of the friendly
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neighbor-state, and therefore

he is her equal.
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Biron doesn't leave Russia even
for a day, but at home
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he orders a wide-scope
construction of 2 palaces.
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His monogram: E.J. Ernst Johann.
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The summer residence in Rundala,
the winter palace-in Metava.
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In this palace, the most
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splendid in Latvia, they now
hold official ceremonies.
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Like the inauguration of
Latvia's president. Then it
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was the main shock-construction
site in the Russian Empire,
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with all the masons of
St. Petersburg working here.
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The construction of two palaces
for an absentee-monarch
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was supervised by Rastrelli.
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No matter how hard they tried,
the construction was still

63
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unfinished when Anna died.
Biron was exiled to Siberia.
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Biron outlives Anna, Elizaveta
and the Siberian exile.
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He survives another 20 odd
years of exile in Yaroslavl,
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00:04:54,460 --> 00:04:57,827
and returns to Kurzeme during
the reign of Catherine II.
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00:05:03,569 --> 00:05:08,268
At home Biron is shocked by the
sight of bare walls. Even the
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palace parquet had been removed
and taken to Russia. Biron
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restores the once-splendid
decorations. He will rule
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Kurzeme for another 9 years.
Here stood the duke's throne.
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Here Biron was cursed as
Russia's protege, in Russia
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he was cursed as the embodiment
of the notorious 'bironovschina'
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- Even though after Biron there
will be not less foreigners.
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'Biron -the 'Kurzeme scoundrel',
the demon of the 18 century.

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But they demonized the poor man.
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Anna loanovna didn't trust the
Russian nobility.
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They in turn tried to deprive
her of autocratic power.
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She knew she could rely on
foreigners -they owed
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everything to the empress, and
understood that if anything
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happened to her, they will be
dealt with.
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Pushkin about Biron:
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'He had the misfortune of
being a German: he was blamed
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for all the misfortunes of
Anna's reign, that were all in
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'the spirit of his time.
But he had great talents.
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Biron was a great admirer
of horses.
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he knew about them and was
a true connoisseur.
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He drew Anna loanovna in
his hobby,
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despite her obesity.
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And it was actually the terrible
Ernst Johan Biron,
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who founded horse-breeding
in Russia.
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Afterthe Northern Warthe
industry was totally disrupted.
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There was a shortage of horses
even in the court stables.
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At a time when all transport
was horse-driven, when the power
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of all machines was measured
literally with 'horse power',
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and all the mobile army was
the cavalry. 96
00:07:08,661 --> 00:07:11,755
horses and horse-breeding were
a vital strategic factor. 97
00:07:11,964 --> 00:07:15,923
and not just the 'amusement of
the lords', as one might think.
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In the 18 century horses and
horse-breeding were -what
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today are: the automobile

industry, civil and military
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aviation, locomotives, tanks,
armored personnel carriers,
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prime-movers for cannons all combined.
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It was a sport-more than
today's bicycles.
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Forthe nobility it was the only
way to work out.
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The only available work-out
equipment.
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They were the combines and
tractors forthe agriculture.
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Six items.
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And horses are each one of them,
and all of them combined.
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From the Decree of
Anna loanovna, 1732:
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'We needn't import horses from
abroad,
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'when we can do with our own
fine ones.
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00:08:17,497 --> 00:08:22,161
But even though they set the

'horse business' going, the war

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campaigns are unsuccessful.
Afterthe war with Poland they
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elevate to the throne a Saxon
Elector. A rare example of an
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inane foreign policy, totally
useless for Russia's interests.
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The Russians put a Saxon over
Ukrainians and Belorussians.
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To become a Black Sea power
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they waste millions of lives
and spend millions of Rubles
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on another war with Turkey.
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After all the losses and the
victory they claim the lands
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from Kuban to Danube, including
the Crimea, but are content
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with just the Azov, and on the
condition that they bring down
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all fortifications. In the
absence of her own victories
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Anna immortalizes those
won by her great uncle Peter.

124
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Peter's plan of monumental
propaganda envisaged
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fountains as the symbol of
victorious triumph.
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The then V-day -June 27 the Poltava battle.
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Also the day of St. Samson.
The most famous fountain
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sculpture: 'Samson, tearing
apart a lion's jaws'.
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Symbolizing crushing defeat
of the Swedes.
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The exploit of the Bible hero
was very apropos:
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there was a golden lion on
Sweden's state emblem.
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'Samson' is unveiled in Petergof
- On the day of the 25th
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anniversary of the Poltava
battle. They stretch the line of
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fountains to the sea, open a new
cascade.
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There's not one pump. 32 km from
here are the Rokshinsky springs.

136
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In Peter's time from here they
dug the first water-canal.
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The fountains function due
to heights overfall.
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The principle of communicating
vessels.
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Nothing changed in principle
from the 18 to the 21 centuries.
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In the reign of Anna loanovna
Petergof was crowded.
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Almost like now-in the
tourist season.
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Later it ceases to be the
official residence,
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but the 20 palaces and
pavilions,
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7 parks with hundreds of
fountains,
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will remain the favorite
Romanovs' 'close dacha'.
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However descendents give
Anna Romanovna credit
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not forthis well-known splendid
suburban corner,

148
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but for another unique structure,
that no one ever saw in nature.
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Every winterthey built ice
hills and ice fortresses.
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But in 1740 they introduce
a special amusement.
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The 'lce House' will be
immortalized in the novel of
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Lazhechnikov of the same name mixture of truth and fiction,
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containing scrupulously accurate
descriptions of German
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academician Georg Kraft, who
supervised the works.
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To try to recreate the Ice
House using modern technologies 156
00:11:35,428 --> 00:11:38,659
is easy and difficult at the
same time.
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First,
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you have to prepare the specific
construction material 159
00:11:52,078 --> 00:11:55,912
ice slabs to build the walls.
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It's best to use natural ice

from frozen water reservoirs.
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The ice from tap water is a
bit whitish.
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The 'living' ice is transparent,
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and after it is being processe
it acquires a bluish tint.
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00:12:15,835 --> 00:12:20,101
The winter of 1740 was the
severest in the 18 century.
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The temperature below 30 degrees
Centigrade held up to March.
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Now they use petrol-driven saws,
but then, in 1740, they had
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two-handle saws like this one.
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You had to hold it by both
handles.
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Of course it took a lot more
time, but in the end
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you got geometrically
shaped ice cubes.
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00:12:49,869 --> 00:12:54,602
The Ice House was meant as
a palace forfictitious weddings.
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Anna loanovna had a woman living
with her -Avdotya -

173
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a Kalmyck by ethnic origin, not
young and unpleasant-looking.
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She was given a surname by
the empress' favorite dish 175
00:13:05,551 --> 00:13:07,143
Buzheninova ('Boiled pork').
Avdotya dreamed of getting
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00:13:07,353 --> 00:13:09,480
The empress promised to find
her a good match,
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and chose the 50-year-old Prince
Golitsyn, who was demoted to the
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rank of buffoon because of his
secret marriage to a Catholic.
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A nobleman from a distinguished
family served 'kvass'
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and was nicknamed:
'Golitsyn -the kvass-man'.
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The thought of marrying a clown
to a jester enraptured the empress.
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They didn't spare the
money forthat wedding.
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00:13:41,620 --> 00:13:43,781
The Ice House was built like
a real house.
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00:13:43,989 --> 00:13:47,550
2.5 'sazhens' wide, 8 'sazhens'
long.

185
00:13:47,860 --> 00:13:52,160
In today's measures: 5.5m X 17m.
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00:13:52,364 --> 00:13:57,893
The walls were 3 'sazhens' high over 6 m.
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Nowadays it would be too risky
to build the roof 188
00:14:00,472 --> 00:14:04,465
Severe frosts are rare, and
the ice is heavy material.
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00:14:08,914 --> 00:14:13,146
Amazing technology: ironing
the ice walls with a hot iron.
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00:14:13,319 --> 00:14:16,413
Maximum heat, for ironing linen.
191
00:14:16,622 --> 00:14:23,391
The walls become polished and
and see-through.
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00:14:23,562 --> 00:14:27,362
Coal-heated irons cooled
down fast.
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00:14:27,566 --> 00:14:28,999
But the electric ones cool
down instantly.
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00:14:29,201 --> 00:14:34,229
Afew strokes-and you have
to give it some time.
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00:14:40,880 --> 00:14:42,905
The house was surrounded with
ice trees. There even was a
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00:14:43,082 --> 00:14:46,882
bathhouse, where they somehow
managed to take steam baths.
197

00:14:52,191 --> 00:14:54,421

They painted the ice with
colored gouache.
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00:14:55,227 --> 00:14:58,890
An ice playing card.
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00:14:59,365 --> 00:15:03,802
The Ice Palace was
tinted like marble,
200
00:15:04,003 --> 00:15:07,234
but contemporaries claimed, it
looked much more splendid.
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00:15:07,339 --> 00:15:11,673
Gouache penetrates through
the ice,
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00:15:11,911 --> 00:15:14,937
and even the biggest slabs,
when painted with it, looked
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00:15:15,147 --> 00:15:20,813
as though they were colored all
through. An enchanting sight.
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00:15:26,926 --> 00:15:30,327
Guests at the wedding were two
representatives of each of
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00:15:30,496 --> 00:15:33,897
the 'tribes' living in the
Russian Empire. Forthe first
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00:15:34,099 --> 00:15:36,226
time they bring to St. Petersburg
all non-Russian representatives.
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00:15:36,435 --> 00:15:40,496
A living ethnographical
exhibition.
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00:15:40,673 --> 00:15:43,233
The wedding procession was led
by the bride and groom.
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00:15:43,375 --> 00:15:45,969

They are put in a cage, that

stands on an elephant's back.
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00:15:46,178 --> 00:15:50,137
Then follow Ukrainians on oxes,
Finns on ponies, Tartars on pigs,
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00:15:50,349 --> 00:15:52,510
Yakuts on dogs, Kalmycks on
camels.
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00:15:52,685 --> 00:15:55,711
All in all 150 couples
representing national minorities.
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00:15:55,921 --> 00:15:58,583
The procession heads forthe
Ice House.
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00:16:05,831 --> 00:16:08,527
More amazing things-in front
of the House.
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00:16:08,701 --> 00:16:12,899
A huge natural-size elephant
spat fire.
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00:16:13,105 --> 00:16:17,565
Fountains of crude oil spurted
out of his trunk. The elephant
217
00:16:17,810 --> 00:16:20,836
made a blaring sound -there
was a trumpeter inside.
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00:16:21,046 --> 00:16:24,277
There were also ice cannons short-barrel mortars.
219
00:16:24,483 --> 00:16:29,113
They were loaded with real
shells and fired for real.
220
00:16:39,164 --> 00:16:40,756
Amid all this Bacchanalia
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00:16:40,966 --> 00:16:44,026
the then first poet Vassili

Tredyakovsky
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00:16:44,203 --> 00:16:48,731
recites an ode in honor of
the newlyweds.
223
00:16:49,375 --> 00:16:52,503
The first lines of the ode:
224
00:16:52,711 --> 00:16:56,670
'Buffoon weds buffoon,
225
00:16:56,882 --> 00:16:59,976
'Fat-ass weds goon!
226
00:17:00,185 --> 00:17:07,284
'Now it's time we had fun,
today going wild is allowed!
227
00:17:30,282 --> 00:17:35,015
In front of the Ice House stood
fire-spitting dolphins and fish,
228
00:17:35,220 --> 00:17:39,657
inside were an ice drawing-room,
229
00:17:39,858 --> 00:17:46,058
an ice bedroom, an ice pantry,
all furniture and appliances
230
00:17:46,265 --> 00:17:49,029
were made of ice, but painted
to look like real objects.
231
00:17:49,234 --> 00:17:52,965
An ice clock stood on the ice
mantelpiece.
232
00:17:53,172 --> 00:17:57,734
The wood in the fireplace was
made of ice, but the logs were
233
00:17:57,943 --> 00:18:01,174
set ablaze: they were sluiced
with crude.
234
00:18:10,589 --> 00:18:13,558

Afterthe wedding ceremony they

were confined in the ice
235
00:18:13,759 --> 00:18:16,057
bedroom, on the ice bed,
watched by guards.
236
00:18:16,261 --> 00:18:19,662
They will let them out only in
the morning, both barely alive.
237
00:18:22,134 --> 00:18:24,068
Count Panin: :
238
00:18:24,269 --> 00:18:27,397
'The whole idea was wildly
extravagant.
239
00:18:27,606 --> 00:18:30,200
'ls it at all permissible to
so shamelessly
240
00:18:30,375 --> 00:18:34,311
'humiliate and deride humankind?
241
00:18:49,561 --> 00:18:53,122
The Ice House will remain
unsurpassed. Nothing of the
242
00:18:53,332 --> 00:18:59,134
kind will ever be repeated in
Russia, nor anywhere else.
243
00:18:59,371 --> 00:19:01,999
Incredible barbarism, a wild
madcap feast.
244
00:19:02,174 --> 00:19:05,632
As though especially meant as
a reminderto future generations
245
00:19:05,844 --> 00:19:12,807
of the time of the kings,
queens and aces who amused
246
00:19:12,985 --> 00:19:16,011
themselves in such an
extravagant way. Solid marble,

247
00:19:16,188 --> 00:19:22,058
meant to outlive ages. You take
it in your hand-and it's gone.
248
00:19:23,829 --> 00:19:28,562
The cruelest, yet the grandest
festivity ever
249
00:19:28,767 --> 00:19:32,066
in the reign of Russia's most
dissipated empress.
250
00:19:52,424 --> 00:19:55,518
The Ice House was herfarewell
whim.
251
00:19:55,727 --> 00:19:59,857
Anna loanovna passed away in
the autumn of that same year.
252
00:20:18,417 --> 00:20:22,114
Anna bequeathed the throne to
her grand-nephew,
253
00:20:22,321 --> 00:20:24,721
baby loann Antonovich.
254
00:20:24,957 --> 00:20:27,926
Biron was succeeded on the
throne by loann's mother,
255
00:20:28,126 --> 00:20:31,254
Anna Leopoldovna, Princess
of Braunschweig.
256
00:20:31,463 --> 00:20:32,828
Elizaveta was a strange woman,
257
00:20:33,031 --> 00:20:36,967
and her coup was presented as
the patriotic renascence.
258
00:20:37,135 --> 00:20:41,435
She, the direct heiress of the
great Peter, vegetates in
259

00:20:41,640 --> 00:20:45,076

obscurity, and the Russian crown
is given away to the Germans.
260
00:20:49,948 --> 00:20:53,975
At nightfall Elizaveta puts on
cuirasses, makes her way to the
261
00:20:54,186 --> 00:20:57,451
barracks of the Preobrazhensky
regiment, and calls on the
262
00:20:57,656 --> 00:21:01,057
Grenadiers company to storm the
Winter Palace. Her argument:
263
00:21:01,260 --> 00:21:02,727
'You know whose daughter I am'.
It hits the right strings.
264
00:21:02,928 --> 00:21:04,896
300 guardsmen leave the barracks.
265
00:21:05,130 --> 00:21:07,724
But first they crush all the
army drums.
266
00:21:07,899 --> 00:21:10,493
If the remaining soldiers
wake up,
267
00:21:10,702 --> 00:21:13,068
they won't be able to beat
the alarm.
268
00:21:13,272 --> 00:21:15,866
In commemoration of that night
Elizaveta will erect a wooden
269
00:21:16,074 --> 00:21:17,803
Preobrazhenskaya (Transfiguration)
church in this place. It will
270
00:21:18,010 --> 00:21:20,911
later be replaced with the stone
Transfiguration Cathedral.
271
00:21:27,586 --> 00:21:30,214

Elizaveta was popular with the

Grenadiers. She gave them
272
00:21:30,389 --> 00:21:33,358
generous presents, was the
godmother of their children.
273
00:21:33,558 --> 00:21:37,551
Now the fathers of her
godchildren repay her if full.
274
00:21:37,729 --> 00:21:40,425
There is not one officer in
the storm group.
275
00:21:40,599 --> 00:21:42,897
Elizaveta herself takes command.
276
00:21:48,540 --> 00:21:52,203
Having reached the beginning of
Nevsky, the plotters leave
277
00:21:52,411 --> 00:21:54,470
their horses and proceed on foot.
278
00:21:54,680 --> 00:21:57,774
The modern Zimny (Winter) Palace
was built in Elizaveta's reign.
279
00:21:57,983 --> 00:22:02,044
The then Zimny Palace stood in
the same place, only its facade
280
00:22:02,254 --> 00:22:04,313
was facing the Admiralty.
281
00:22:04,523 --> 00:22:07,151
The soldiers hurry to make it
past the palace guard.
282
00:22:07,359 --> 00:22:09,725
But Elizaveta can't move fast.
283
00:22:09,928 --> 00:22:12,123
The long hem and the numerous
underskirts get in the way. Then
284

00:22:12,297 --> 00:22:17,394

her supporters lift her up, and
carry her in on their shoulders.
285
00:22:17,602 --> 00:22:20,435
That was the first storm of
the Winter palace in our history.
286
00:22:23,875 --> 00:22:27,208
It was a quick and bloodless
coup.
287
00:22:27,379 --> 00:22:30,780
In the 20 years of her rule
Elizaveta hadn't passed a single
288
00:22:30,949 --> 00:22:33,474
death sentence.
289
00:22:41,326 --> 00:22:44,489
Elizaveta was reputed to be
the first beauty in Europe.
290
00:22:44,730 --> 00:22:47,198
She was of a stately appearance,
even though a bit on the stout
291
00:22:47,399 --> 00:22:51,358
side, with a blooming round
face. Atireless dancer and
292
00:22:51,570 --> 00:22:55,870
horsewoman. She will go down in
history as the splendid Elizabeth.
293
00:23:04,516 --> 00:23:07,781
In the middle of St. Petersburg
stands this remarkable building.
294
00:23:07,953 --> 00:23:10,353
Decorated with whimsical scrolls
and sensual curves.
295
00:23:10,589 --> 00:23:14,958
But the main attraction are the
countless statues, vases and
296
00:23:15,160 --> 00:23:18,618

goblets up on the roof. - so

high, they're hardly visible
297
00:23:18,830 --> 00:23:19,990
from the ground. But that
didn't matter.
298
00:23:20,165 --> 00:23:23,191
It is the creation of a duet:
sculptor Rastrelli
299
00:23:23,368 --> 00:23:26,860
and Elizaveta -with almost
unlimited resources.
300
00:23:28,473 --> 00:23:32,910
The Winter palace is the
masterpiece of Russian Baroque 301
00:23:33,111 --> 00:23:34,840
the most splendid Baroque in
the world. The main palace.
302
00:23:35,013 --> 00:23:38,414
Elizaveta and Rastrelli have
for all times demonstrated to
303
00:23:38,583 --> 00:23:41,848
the world, what is true
royal splendor.
304
00:23:52,631 --> 00:23:55,429
Rastrelli's style will be
dubbed 'Elizabeth's'.
305
00:23:55,634 --> 00:23:58,762
The next epoch will abandon it
as too heavy and excessive.
306
00:23:58,937 --> 00:24:02,395
From then on the notion of beauty
will change with each new monarch.
307
00:24:02,574 --> 00:24:06,408
But distant descendants will
appreciate the Italian grandeur
308
00:24:06,578 --> 00:24:08,205

much more than the direct

heirs.
309
00:24:08,413 --> 00:24:12,850
And Rastrelli is still the most
famous Russian architect.
310
00:24:20,492 --> 00:24:23,325
St. Petersburg white nights.
Some people can't sleep at all.
311
00:24:23,495 --> 00:24:25,986
The sky is bright 24 hours a
day.
312
00:24:26,198 --> 00:24:28,166
Now it is a little over one a.m.
313
00:24:28,366 --> 00:24:30,425
Elizaveta never slept at night.
314
00:24:30,635 --> 00:24:33,763
She went to bed at daybreak,
got up at noon. The quaint
315
00:24:33,939 --> 00:24:38,933
madcap Russian Baroque is a
reflection of her lifestyle.
316
00:24:39,144 --> 00:24:44,013
However, with all the refined
sense of style and the love for
317
00:24:44,182 --> 00:24:46,275
clothes and entertainment,
Elizaveta was still a Russian
318
00:24:46,485 --> 00:24:52,014
queen -with superstitions and
prejudices, with a boosted staff
319
00:24:52,190 --> 00:24:56,684
of 'scratchers' who massaged her
feet when she went to bed.
320
00:25:01,132 --> 00:25:04,033
Elizaveta wasn't able to
enjoy the Winter palace,

321
00:25:04,202 --> 00:25:07,433
even though she hurried Rastrelli
with the finishing touches.
322
00:25:07,639 --> 00:25:12,941
There's no sculpture of Elizaveta.
Only her architectural monuments.
323
00:25:13,211 --> 00:25:15,907
Formerly all 4 words were
written with a capital letter:
324
00:25:16,114 --> 00:25:19,515
Main Flagstaff of the
Russian Empire.
325
00:25:22,220 --> 00:25:25,849
Professor Kluchevsky about
Elizaveta:
326
00:25:26,057 --> 00:25:32,189
'Lively and jolly, but keeping
her eyes glued on herself.
327
00:25:32,731 --> 00:25:36,223
She spent a third of hertime
in front of the mirror-getting
328
00:25:36,401 --> 00:25:40,030
ready for a public appearance,
choosing the right attire.
329
00:25:40,238 --> 00:25:42,934
The rosy-cheeked fashion-monger
will leave a wardrobe that
330
00:25:43,108 --> 00:25:47,374
will be used forfestivities
and court celebrations during
331
00:25:47,546 --> 00:25:49,707
the reign of Alexander I. That's
half a century later.
332
00:25:58,790 --> 00:26:01,691
18th century dress. Not some
little rag hanging

333
00:26:01,860 --> 00:26:04,055
on the rack. It is a real
architectural masterpiece.
334
00:26:04,229 --> 00:26:07,323
Elizaveta counted those
masterpieces by the thousand.
335
00:26:07,532 --> 00:26:12,902
Super-model parameters of today
90-60-90 - Can be applied partly.
336
00:26:13,104 --> 00:26:15,664
The breast - 90. Possible. The
waist - 60. Could be.
337
00:26:15,840 --> 00:26:19,674
A sumptuous bust and a slim
waist were valued at all times.
338
00:26:20,211 --> 00:26:24,341
Hips - 90. Impossible to measure
because of the farthingale
339
00:26:24,516 --> 00:26:25,710
that reached 1.5 m in width.
This carcass is the most
340
00:26:25,884 --> 00:26:29,513
recognizable element of an
18 century silhouette.
341
00:26:29,721 --> 00:26:33,714
But Elizaveta had a magnificent
figure, and the only way to show
342
00:26:33,925 --> 00:26:38,828
off her slender hips and legs was to arrange a masquerade,
343
00:26:39,030 --> 00:26:42,363
where women would wear men's
clothes, and men -women's.
344
00:26:42,567 --> 00:26:46,128
In the apex of her life she
would arrange countless

345
00:26:46,338 --> 00:26:48,067
fancy-dress balls. - to the
utmost displeasure of other
346
00:26:48,273 --> 00:26:51,071
women most of whom looked
rather ugly in skin-tight
347
00:26:51,242 --> 00:26:55,042
knickers, and to an even
stronger displeasure of men,
348
00:26:55,246 --> 00:26:58,374
who couldn't make a step in
the bulky awkward dresses.
349
00:27:00,885 --> 00:27:03,786
This is a modest winter home
dress.
350
00:27:03,955 --> 00:27:07,948
The fine stitching-handmade,
naturally -the only decoration.
351
00:27:08,159 --> 00:27:10,559
Elizaveta's coronation dress
was also brought back to life.
352
00:27:10,729 --> 00:27:14,722
4 thousand of her dresses
were destroyed by a fire.
353
00:27:32,651 --> 00:27:37,714
Elizaveta's reign is a despotism
of fashion that substituted life.
354
00:27:37,889 --> 00:27:41,052
By putting taffeta beauty-spots
in certain places
355
00:27:41,259 --> 00:27:43,420
they gave coded love signals.
They made
356
00:27:43,628 --> 00:27:47,724
the most luxuriant hairdos
shaped as flowers or ships.

357
00:27:47,899 --> 00:27:50,561
The empress's decrees sound
like a fashion magazine.
358
00:27:50,769 --> 00:27:53,704
The season of spring-summer,
1748.
359
00:27:53,905 --> 00:27:56,601
From a decree of Elizaveta
Petrovna:
360
00:27:56,841 --> 00:28:03,713
'Forthe ladies-cuffs, edgings
and green skirts with fine braids.
361
00:28:03,948 --> 00:28:09,853
'Forthe men-narrow cuffs,
green collars,
362
00:28:10,055 --> 00:28:13,718
'with braids laid out along
the buttonholes.
363
00:28:16,061 --> 00:28:19,656
However Elizaveta took full
advantage of another Rastrelli
364
00:28:19,898 --> 00:28:23,629
creations -the Czarskoselsky
palace.
365
00:28:26,805 --> 00:28:29,467
Gold against a blue background.
What can be more refined?
366
00:28:29,641 --> 00:28:33,168
Even the watchman's booth
was gilded.
367
00:28:33,378 --> 00:28:36,313
Guests were received at the far
entrance at the end of
368
00:28:36,514 --> 00:28:39,347
the palace, so they could admire
the facade.

369
00:28:39,517 --> 00:28:43,886
Catherine II will recall the
whims of spendthrift Elizaveta.
370
00:28:44,089 --> 00:28:47,718
6 times the palace was razed
to the ground, and erected anew,
371
00:28:47,892 --> 00:28:51,384
before the empress was finally
satisfied with the result.
372
00:28:55,433 --> 00:28:59,460
A lady couldn't wearthe same
dress twice to royal receptions.
373
00:28:59,671 --> 00:29:02,572
And god forbid, that anyone would
look granderthan the empress.
374
00:29:02,741 --> 00:29:05,574
She had to shine as the
brightest star.
375
00:29:11,683 --> 00:29:16,643
The empress made her
appearance through these doors.
376
00:29:16,888 --> 00:29:20,016
There never will be so many and
so grand a balls and masquerades,
377
00:29:20,225 --> 00:29:23,126
as there were in the main hall
of the Czarskoselsky palace.
378
00:29:23,328 --> 00:29:24,852
Ballet-master Lande claims that
no one could dance
379
00:29:25,063 --> 00:29:28,897
the minuet in such a refined way
as they did in St. Petersburg.
380
00:29:29,100 --> 00:29:33,730
700 candles are reflected in 300
mirrors and thousands of diamonds.

381
00:29:33,938 --> 00:29:38,398
The ladies use them for
decorating their hairdos,
382
00:29:38,610 --> 00:29:41,170
the men -their orders, buckles
and buttons. Jeweler Posier
383
00:29:41,379 --> 00:29:46,316
assures, nowhere in the world
could you see that many diamonds.
384
00:29:50,955 --> 00:29:53,583
Diamond jeweler Posier:
385
00:29:53,792 --> 00:29:57,558
'Every Sunday they would give a
reception and a ball.
386
00:29:57,762 --> 00:30:00,890
'lt is hard to imagine a
gathering more grand:
387
00:30:01,065 --> 00:30:05,001
'the guests rarely numbered
less than 3 thousand.
388
00:30:18,449 --> 00:30:21,680
Of all the abundant splendor of
the Czarskoselsky palace
389
00:30:21,886 --> 00:30:25,049
most known to broad public
is the Amber Room.
390
00:30:25,256 --> 00:30:27,520
Not so much the room itself,
as the fact that it existed.
391
00:30:27,725 --> 00:30:31,661
That it was stolen, and that
laterthey found a little
392
00:30:31,830 --> 00:30:34,628
fragment, and now it is being
restored.

393
00:30:41,272 --> 00:30:42,796
With so many rooms the numerous
staff
394
00:30:43,007 --> 00:30:46,465
is busy not so much with taking
care of the premises,
395
00:30:46,678 --> 00:30:49,579
as with waiting on the table:
396
00:30:49,781 --> 00:30:51,976
supplying the food, cooking,
serving the dishes.
397
00:30:52,183 --> 00:30:56,711
The chef, Fuks -the first
famous chef in Russia.
398
00:30:56,888 --> 00:31:00,221
Before cooks were considered
menials of the lowest rank.
399
00:31:00,425 --> 00:31:02,450
Sometimes Elizaveta cooked
herself.
400
00:31:02,660 --> 00:31:04,719
They say, she cooked on this
oven in Petergof,
401
00:31:04,929 --> 00:31:07,420
that later was used by
Catherine.
402
00:31:07,599 --> 00:31:08,827
Elizaveta introduced the
fashion for
403
00:31:09,033 --> 00:31:12,434
gourmet dishes in her court
and among the gentry.
404
00:31:12,637 --> 00:31:15,765
It developed and became more
refined with time,
405

00:31:15,974 --> 00:31:18,568

but the tradition started
here, at this stove.
406
00:31:18,810 --> 00:31:20,038
The recipes came from France,
407
00:31:20,245 --> 00:31:22,145
national cuisine was left
for commoners
408
00:31:22,347 --> 00:31:24,008
and provincial landowners.
409
00:31:24,182 --> 00:31:27,151
Peter's habit of getting the
guests stoned is forgotten.
410
00:31:27,352 --> 00:31:30,685
Nobody gets drunk, they serve
only European wines.
411
00:31:30,889 --> 00:31:34,120
The poultry is domestic, the
fish, fruit and vegetables are
412
00:31:34,292 --> 00:31:38,194
brought all the way from
Astrakhan, crayfish -from
413
00:31:38,396 --> 00:31:41,593
Ukraine, oysters are delivered
via Kronstadt, fresh pates
414
00:31:41,799 --> 00:31:43,733
are supplied to St. Petersburg
from Strasbourg every day.
415
00:31:43,968 --> 00:31:47,301
There are name plates: every
guest is assigned a certain seat.
416
00:31:47,538 --> 00:31:51,167
At first they ordered splendid
dinner sets abroad,
417
00:31:51,376 --> 00:31:54,311
but Elizaveta brings into

fashion Russian chinaware.

418
00:31:54,512 --> 00:32:00,144
'The lmperial China Factory' now the Lomonosov factory.
419
00:32:00,385 --> 00:32:03,445
Toasts are said often, they
drink to the empress standing.
420
00:32:03,688 --> 00:32:05,986
Cannons fire outside. 'On the
Day of the Empress 421
00:32:06,190 --> 00:32:13,824
June 29, 1748 -the canons
saluted 82 times.
422
00:32:14,065 --> 00:32:18,695
A ceremonial dinner would
go on for 7-8 hours, they'd
423
00:32:18,903 --> 00:32:20,495
change scores of courses,
at least 5 soups.
424
00:32:20,672 --> 00:32:25,006
An example of exquisite culinary
extravaganza-soup made of
425
00:32:25,209 --> 00:32:28,337
herring cheeks, that used up
several thousand herrings.
426
00:32:48,166 --> 00:32:52,967
In the 18 century they called
Elizaveta's 'choice of heart'
427
00:32:53,204 --> 00:32:55,638
a lucky 'chance', unbelievable
luck.
428
00:32:55,840 --> 00:32:58,638
Peter was set on marrying his
daughter off to the French king,
429
00:32:58,843 --> 00:33:03,371
but Elizaveta chose a Russian

Cossack over Louis.

430
00:33:09,354 --> 00:33:13,017
The old Ukrainian village Chemer
of the Kazeletsky region,
431
00:33:13,224 --> 00:33:14,816
in the Chernigov oblast.
432
00:33:14,993 --> 00:33:19,930
Here started the most amazing
pastoral love story ever.
433
00:33:20,898 --> 00:33:25,494
It's getting dark, the shepherd
drives his cattle home. If they
434
00:33:25,703 --> 00:33:28,763
hadn't demolished the church,
they would be serving high mass.
435
00:33:28,973 --> 00:33:30,907
Now the paths are overgrown
with grass.
436
00:33:31,142 --> 00:33:36,910
In 1731 a colonel from
St. Petersburg was passing
437
00:33:37,148 --> 00:33:42,609
through Chemer. He stepped inside
the church, and in the choir he
438
00:33:42,854 --> 00:33:45,448
instantly distinguished a
beautiful tenor. It belonged to
439
00:33:45,656 --> 00:33:48,250
a local shepherd Alesha Rozum,
a very young and handsome man.
440
00:33:48,459 --> 00:33:50,791
The colonel took the boy with
him to St. Petersburg,
441
00:33:51,029 --> 00:33:52,929
and he was accepted into the
court choir.

442
00:33:53,131 --> 00:33:55,463
He was instantly noticed by
the heiress Elizaveta Petrovna.
443
00:33:55,666 --> 00:34:00,467
When she became the empress,
she bestowed all sorts of awards,
444
00:34:00,638 --> 00:34:03,334
honors and titles on him. The
holder of the order of
445
00:34:03,508 --> 00:34:06,875
Andrei Pervozvanny, field-marshal
count Alexei Razumovsky
446
00:34:07,078 --> 00:34:10,013
was for 20 years the only
favorite of Elizaveta,
447
00:34:10,248 --> 00:34:14,776
and in 1742 he became her secret
husband.
448
00:34:17,655 --> 00:34:20,453
The half-proved fact of their
church wedding,
449
00:34:20,625 --> 00:34:23,219
and the half-proved fact of
Elizaveta having his children
450
00:34:23,428 --> 00:34:28,229
will foryears to come threaten
the Romanov house with scandals.
451
00:34:28,466 --> 00:34:32,869
Elizaveta adored her Alesha.
Using as a pretext a mass at
452
00:34:33,037 --> 00:34:38,407
the Kievo-Pecherskaya church,
she went to meet his parents.
453
00:34:38,609 --> 00:34:42,670
The empress was absolutely
enchanted with Ukraine.

454
00:34:43,514 --> 00:34:46,381
Elizaveta-about Ukrainians:
455
00:34:46,651 --> 00:34:49,984
'God, love me in your kingdom,
456
00:34:50,188 --> 00:34:55,626
'as I came to love these people,
so gentle and forgiving.
457
00:34:56,260 --> 00:34:58,023
These epithets could be easily
applied to herfavorite:
458
00:34:58,229 --> 00:35:01,130
Alexei Razumovsky was a true
son of his people.
459
00:35:01,299 --> 00:35:04,029
Good-natured, placid and
handsome, he was a loafer,
460
00:35:04,268 --> 00:35:06,133
and never interfered into
state matters.
461
00:35:06,304 --> 00:35:10,070
With but one exception: the
return of Ukrainian privileges.
462
00:35:10,308 --> 00:35:11,969
Even though herfather's
precepts were sacred to her,
463
00:35:12,176 --> 00:35:15,441
for Razumovsky she restores
hetmanate -that Peter
464
00:35:15,613 --> 00:35:18,241
Ioathed so much after Mazepa's
betrayal.
465
00:35:18,449 --> 00:35:20,542
But to let her lover become
the hetman
466

00:35:20,751 --> 00:35:22,810

and go away to live at the
empire's outskirts. - was more
467
00:35:23,020 --> 00:35:25,181
than she could take.
468
00:35:31,829 --> 00:35:35,094
The town Baturin, 240 km from
Chernigov.
469
00:35:35,299 --> 00:35:37,164
Capital of the Ukrainian
hetmanate.
470
00:35:37,401 --> 00:35:40,165
Here lived the last head of
Ukrainian local self-government,
471
00:35:40,338 --> 00:35:44,365
Kirill Razumovsky, the younger
brother of the omnipotent Alexei
472
00:35:44,542 --> 00:35:48,808
Razumovsky, also a field-marshal.
He started off as a shepherd,
473
00:35:49,013 --> 00:35:53,746
but at the age of 16 Kirill,
474
00:35:53,951 --> 00:35:55,680
the empress's secret
brother-in-law,
475
00:35:55,887 --> 00:36:00,586
is sent to study abroad, at 22
he is made Hetman.
476
00:36:00,825 --> 00:36:02,349
This is his palace.
477
00:36:02,560 --> 00:36:04,425
Kirill Razumovsky combined
hetmanship with the post of
478
00:36:04,629 --> 00:36:07,757
president of the Russian Academy
of Sciences. Hence his wish

479
00:36:07,932 --> 00:36:10,059
to set up the first Ukrainian
university in Baturin.
480
00:36:10,234 --> 00:36:11,826
But his dream didn't come true.
When Catherine II ascended the
481
00:36:12,036 --> 00:36:16,598
throne, she abolished Ukrainian
hetmanate, this time for good.
482
00:36:20,378 --> 00:36:23,074
Educated in Germany and France,
all his life Kirill kept the
483
00:36:23,247 --> 00:36:28,583
shirt and pants in which he
used to graze his cows.
484
00:36:28,819 --> 00:36:32,516
As the Hetman he will abolish
customs on the border of Ukraine
485
00:36:32,757 --> 00:36:36,056
and Russia. For 50 years he will
be the president of the Academy
486
00:36:36,227 --> 00:36:38,752
of Sciences. He will be lucky
not to make any enemies.
487
00:36:38,963 --> 00:36:40,794
Thanks to the inherited
pleasantness and good-heartedness
488
00:36:40,998 --> 00:36:42,829
of Razumovskys, even the loss
of interest and the weakening
489
00:36:43,034 --> 00:36:45,559
of Elizaveta's feelings for
Alexei won't be fatal forthem.
490
00:36:45,770 --> 00:36:48,967
Alexei gets the Anichkin palace
as compensation, and leaves,

491
00:36:49,173 --> 00:36:52,631
unpursued by the new favorite.
492
00:36:52,843 --> 00:36:57,507
Elizaveta's last love, her
closest associate lvan Shuvalov,
493
00:36:57,715 --> 00:37:01,082
founder of the Academy of
Arts, the first curator of the
494
00:37:01,252 --> 00:37:03,345
Moscow University and the
patron of Lomonosov.
495
00:37:03,888 --> 00:37:05,879
Mikhailo Lomonosov:
496
00:37:06,090 --> 00:37:11,027
'The Russian land is equally
capable of growing its own
497
00:37:11,229 --> 00:37:14,062
'Platos and quick-witted
Newtons. 498
00:37:15,066 --> 00:37:18,035
the famous line from the Ode
to Elizaveta marks
499
00:37:18,236 --> 00:37:21,137
a patriotic shift in the
educational policy. Peter
500
00:37:21,339 --> 00:37:26,675
preferred to educate Russians
abroad, Elizaveta-at home.
501
00:37:31,215 --> 00:37:35,049
The Moscow University bears the
name of Lomonosov. Mikhailo
502
00:37:35,253 --> 00:37:37,744
Vasilyevich is officially
considered its founder.
503

00:37:37,989 --> 00:37:40,014

A Soviet fable.
504
00:37:40,224 --> 00:37:43,159
Lomonosov took part in
drawing up the curriculum.
505
00:37:43,361 --> 00:37:45,659
But officially the founder
was lvan Shuvalov.
506
00:37:45,863 --> 00:37:49,128
In Soviet times they couldn't
admit that the University had
507
00:37:49,300 --> 00:37:51,564
been founded by a grandee.
Nor was Lomonosov a brilliant
508
00:37:51,769 --> 00:37:54,431
discoverer. He was a scientist,
the first Russian professor.
509
00:37:54,605 --> 00:37:58,598
However he is not known to have
made any pioneering discovery.
510
00:37:58,776 --> 00:38:01,540
Though his merits shouldn't
be belittled.
511
00:38:01,712 --> 00:38:03,475
Lomonosov was a great
enlightener of his time,
512
00:38:03,648 --> 00:38:08,381
and in one person the Centre
of Strategic Studies.
513
00:38:14,725 --> 00:38:17,888
Back in the time of Anna
loanovna, the peasantry
514
00:38:18,095 --> 00:38:19,653
supplied the state with
this great man.
515
00:38:19,864 --> 00:38:22,162

A physicist and a lyricist,

516
00:38:22,366 --> 00:38:25,597
Lomonosov becomes the living
encyclopedia of Russian thought.
517
00:38:25,770 --> 00:38:28,762
He writes about the atmosphere
on Venice, the styles of
518
00:38:28,906 --> 00:38:32,069
languages, birth rate and the
Northern maritime way.
519
00:38:32,276 --> 00:38:34,767
His contemporaries know him as
a poet, who glorifies the
520
00:38:35,012 --> 00:38:36,980
unique national culture that
absorbs all the best traits of
521
00:38:37,148 --> 00:38:40,606
its peoples and leaves out the
worst. Lomonosov is the author
522
00:38:40,818 --> 00:38:44,185
of the 'Pochvenniky'
(or Slavophiles)ideology.
523
00:38:44,522 --> 00:38:46,080
- What are you hinting at?
524
00:38:46,257 --> 00:38:48,282
'My thesis on the origins of
the Russians?
525
00:38:48,426 --> 00:38:49,757
- Exactly.
526
00:38:49,927 --> 00:38:53,624
The academician could drink one
too many, could get into a fight
527
00:38:53,798 --> 00:38:56,289
with foreign colleagues. Without
Shuvalov's support he wouldn't

528
00:38:56,467 --> 00:38:58,958
last long. Shuvalov gives money
for a chemical laboratory.
529
00:38:59,136 --> 00:39:02,401
Lomonosov is into mosaics, he
produces glass of all tints and
530
00:39:02,573 --> 00:39:06,600
colors, and puts together a giant
picture 'The Poltava Battle'.
531
00:39:06,811 --> 00:39:10,713
He is elected to the Academy of
Arts as a master of mosaics.
532
00:39:15,052 --> 00:39:17,145
Pushkin about Lomonosov:
533
00:39:17,955 --> 00:39:22,756
'lt would be true to say, he
himself was ourfirst University.
534
00:39:24,061 --> 00:39:26,894
From the very first affair,
535
00:39:27,098 --> 00:39:29,726
that didn't end in her
marriage to Louis XV,
536
00:39:29,934 --> 00:39:32,027
Elizaveta is a francophone.
537
00:39:32,236 --> 00:39:36,969
She introduced French as the
second language for all monarchs.
538
00:39:37,174 --> 00:39:40,541
Elizaveta ousted the Germans and
invited the French-not to rule
539
00:39:40,711 --> 00:39:43,839
the country. She welcomed
language and dance teachers,
540
00:39:44,014 --> 00:39:46,812
artists and chefs, fashion

designers and jewelers.

541
00:39:47,017 --> 00:39:50,077
'How could the 'gallant age' do
without the Gauls' splendor?
542
00:39:50,287 --> 00:39:55,725
The Russian nobility takes up
French. For good.
543
00:39:58,596 --> 00:40:04,091
Noblemen pronounced the 'r's' in
the French manner. The Russian
544
00:40:04,235 --> 00:40:07,102
common language retains the
original Russian firm clear 'R'.
545
00:40:07,304 --> 00:40:11,001
One can't imagine Russian folk
songs sung with a burr.
546
00:40:11,175 --> 00:40:12,233
But with the Russian gentry
burring becomes almost a norm.
547
00:40:12,443 --> 00:40:15,537
It certainly isn't a speech
defect.
548
00:40:15,713 --> 00:40:19,114
Pushkin, for whom French was
the first learnt language, must
549
00:40:19,316 --> 00:40:22,046
have spoken that way. And also
Leo Tolstoy, who didn't even
550
00:40:22,253 --> 00:40:24,346
botherto provide translations
of his long dialogues in French
551
00:40:24,522 --> 00:40:28,458
in the first edition of
'War and Peace'.
552
00:40:28,626 --> 00:40:30,253
Nabokov tried to explain to

the Americans
553
00:40:30,428 --> 00:40:33,329
the nuances of his peculiar
'noble' accent.
554
00:40:33,531 --> 00:40:37,126
In that he compared himself
with Lenin 555
00:40:37,301 --> 00:40:39,895
forthe Russians the most known
example of burring.
556
00:40:40,070 --> 00:40:43,005
The fact was widely popularized
by actors who enacted Lenin.
557
00:40:43,140 --> 00:40:46,871
They liked to repeat his famous
prefix: 'archi-('archi-impoHtant').
558
00:40:47,044 --> 00:40:48,909
Then there were the songs of
Vertinsky.
559
00:40:49,046 --> 00:40:52,174
'ln the babano-lemon SingapoHe,
in the thunder-stoHm... '
560
00:40:52,349 --> 00:40:55,045
So, you see, there was this
continuity of tradition.
561
00:40:55,219 --> 00:40:59,553
In the dialect of descendants of
third-wave emigrants you can
562
00:40:59,690 --> 00:41:04,627
sometimes distinguish traces
of Elizaveta's 'extinct star'.
563
00:41:08,466 --> 00:41:11,697
Under Shuvalov's patronage
in the 1750s they
564
00:41:11,902 --> 00:41:14,302
launch the magazine

'Literary Chameleon' 565

00:41:14,505 --> 00:41:17,497
in French, and about France
cultural news.
566
00:41:17,675 --> 00:41:19,939
Howeverthe founderess of
Russian francophonia
567
00:41:20,144 --> 00:41:21,702
is no longer interested.
568
00:41:21,879 --> 00:41:26,179
As all beautiful women
Elizaveta bemoans herfading
569
00:41:26,383 --> 00:41:31,650
beauty, and at 50 (in the 18th
century a venerable age)
570
00:41:31,822 --> 00:41:35,690
she stays in her room for
days, and doesn't make any
571
00:41:35,860 --> 00:41:38,294
public appearances. Shuvalov is
the only one who brings her news.
572
00:41:38,496 --> 00:41:41,932
Russia enters the Seven-year war.
573
00:41:52,877 --> 00:41:54,367
In truth, the Seven-year war
574
00:41:54,578 --> 00:41:57,604
should've been called
World War I. Forthe first time
575
00:41:57,815 --> 00:42:01,581
the Europeans fight with each
other all overthe world.
576
00:42:01,752 --> 00:42:05,313
The British are warring in
America, with the French 577

00:42:05,523 --> 00:42:07,388

for Kanada, with the Spanish for Florida. Britain will win
578
00:42:07,558 --> 00:42:11,927
India, and become the first
ever colonial empire.
579
00:42:12,129 --> 00:42:17,328
The redivision of Europe was
started by Prussia with Britain's
580
00:42:17,568 --> 00:42:22,130
support. German war-mongers are
up in arms against all neighbors.
581
00:42:22,339 --> 00:42:25,240
Sweden, France and Austria put
up a resistance to Prussia.
582
00:42:25,442 --> 00:42:26,773
Forthe most outstanding
Prussian king Friedrich II
583
00:42:26,944 --> 00:42:30,243
this was a chance to show
his warfare genius. He beats
584
00:42:30,414 --> 00:42:34,043
the French and the Austrians,
and captures Saxony.
585
00:42:34,552 --> 00:42:37,953
Already then monarchs preferred
to settle matters
586
00:42:38,155 --> 00:42:39,986
of foreign policy in person.
587
00:42:40,190 --> 00:42:41,623
It was far more interesting
than current home affairs.
588
00:42:41,825 --> 00:42:43,190
The careless Elizaveta couldn't
589
00:42:43,360 --> 00:42:47,023
write the French king a

letter of reply for 3 years.

590
00:42:47,197 --> 00:42:49,927
Global objectives are a means
of self-assertion 591
00:42:50,134 --> 00:42:51,897
somewhat like the membership
in the Big Seven.
592
00:42:52,102 --> 00:42:53,865
The more so as in Russia's
allied-states matters of major
593
00:42:54,038 --> 00:42:56,268
importance are likewise decided
by powerful women.
594
00:42:56,440 --> 00:42:59,432
In France -the favorite
Marquise De Pompadour,
595
00:42:59,610 --> 00:43:02,738
In Austria-queen Maria
Theresia.
596
00:43:10,754 --> 00:43:15,817
For Russia the Seven-year war
is a war of a new type.
597
00:43:15,993 --> 00:43:19,394
The country is drawn into a
conflict that has nothing to do
598
00:43:19,597 --> 00:43:21,929
with Russia's interests. But
as they say: 'noblesse oblige'.
599
00:43:22,132 --> 00:43:24,965
In Europe they divide the
sphere of interests.
600
00:43:25,169 --> 00:43:30,334
Russia's strategic interests lie
with Poland and the Baltic sea,
601
00:43:30,507 --> 00:43:32,407
with its wealthy Hanse cities,

602
00:43:32,610 --> 00:43:36,046
military and trade water-roots.
603
00:43:36,213 --> 00:43:39,080
Here Prussia knew its place.
604
00:43:47,825 --> 00:43:49,156
It came as a shock that the
strong and formidable Russian
605
00:43:49,326 --> 00:43:53,626
army existed only on paper.
606
00:43:53,864 --> 00:43:56,492
Efficient was only the light
cavalry:
607
00:43:56,700 --> 00:43:58,691
The Cossacks, Kalmyks, Bashkirs
and Tartars.
608
00:43:58,936 --> 00:44:00,426
Naturally there was a shortage
of money.
609
00:44:00,604 --> 00:44:03,664
But to compensate that was the
scale of strategic warfare.
610
00:44:04,308 --> 00:44:07,835
Instructions of chancellor
Bestuzhev-Ryumin:
611
00:44:08,012 --> 00:44:13,040
'You have to show everyone that
you are ready to march left or
612
00:44:13,217 --> 00:44:16,050
'right-be it through all of
Poland, be it to Prussia.
613
00:44:16,520 --> 00:44:18,454
The army learns in battle.
614
00:44:18,656 --> 00:44:20,851
Elizaveta replaces four army

commanders.
615
00:44:21,025 --> 00:44:23,858
They amazingly managed to
retreat after gaining a victory,
616
00:44:24,028 --> 00:44:26,861
and they captured Eastern
Prussia twice.
617
00:44:27,031 --> 00:44:30,933
Urged on by St. Petersburg,
618
00:44:31,101 --> 00:44:33,729
they finally seize Berlin.
619
00:44:39,810 --> 00:44:44,372
The Germans are in shock at
the sight of Cossacks
620
00:44:44,581 --> 00:44:46,378
riding along Unter Den Linden.
621
00:44:46,550 --> 00:44:49,246
There was not another army
that looked quite like that.
622
00:44:49,453 --> 00:44:53,321
Soldiers in 18 century Europe
were well-shaven, dressed in
623
00:44:53,524 --> 00:44:58,587
full-dress uniforms. The Russians
were bearded horsemen in caftans,
624
00:44:58,796 --> 00:45:01,196
armed with lances. But the
Cossacks were no less shocked:
625
00:45:01,365 --> 00:45:05,233
The Russian army had conquered
a European capital forthe
626
00:45:05,402 --> 00:45:09,736
first time. They try to appear
civilized, not to be talked of
627

00:45:09,907 --> 00:45:15,072

as barbarians. In Berlin they
blow up gunpowder and founding
628
00:45:15,245 --> 00:45:19,306
factories and loot the
arsenals.
629
00:45:21,051 --> 00:45:26,387
They distribute the trophy guns
among the troops, and the old
630
00:45:26,857 --> 00:45:30,349
ones, with which they seized
Prussia's capital,
631
00:45:30,527 --> 00:45:32,927
they simply drown in the Spree 632
00:45:33,097 --> 00:45:35,964
the narrow river on which
stands Berlin.
633
00:45:46,543 --> 00:45:50,104
Dramatist Sumorokov gave way to
his fantasy, picturing the
634
00:45:50,247 --> 00:45:51,714
unclouded life of Germans
underthe Russian crown.
635
00:45:51,915 --> 00:45:54,406
The troops stayed in Berlin for
two days, leaving it on the third.
636
00:45:54,618 --> 00:45:58,611
The inability of Russians to use
the fruit of victory to their
637
00:45:58,856 --> 00:46:02,485
advantage will become a chronic
illness. Just like the painful
638
00:46:02,693 --> 00:46:08,359
susceptibility to foreign opinion
of ourselves.
639
00:46:11,068 --> 00:46:15,129

In prostrated Berlin the

Russians try to punish
640
00:46:15,339 --> 00:46:18,900
the Germans fortheir winning
the information war.
641
00:46:19,109 --> 00:46:23,478
In 1760 Berliners witnessed the
first attempt to
642
00:46:23,680 --> 00:46:25,477
once and for all finish off with
643
00:46:25,682 --> 00:46:30,676
the slanderous figments about
Russia in Western press.
644
00:46:31,255 --> 00:46:35,954
They put up the gallows in
the central square,
645
00:46:37,928 --> 00:46:40,658
and under it pile up the
newspapers,
646
00:46:40,998 --> 00:46:44,297
notorious fortheir anti-Russian
sentiments.
647
00:46:44,501 --> 00:46:48,665
Then they set the pile of fire.
Such was the punishment.
648
00:46:48,872 --> 00:46:52,273
They drive the authors of the
spiteful articles out into
649
00:46:52,476 --> 00:46:56,537
the square for public lashing.
The journalists are stripped of
650
00:46:56,747 --> 00:47:02,447
their clothes. But at the last
moment they are forgiven.
651
00:47:02,686 --> 00:47:06,281
Since then the problem remained

unsettled.
652
00:47:10,160 --> 00:47:13,857
The seizure of Berlin wasn't the
culmination of the campaign.
653
00:47:14,064 --> 00:47:17,295
Forthe third time general
Rumyantsev's corps storms the
654
00:47:17,501 --> 00:47:21,597
German fortress Olberg
on the Baltic Sea shore.
655
00:47:21,805 --> 00:47:26,833
The coast is cut with harbors,
and it's impossible to use the
656
00:47:27,044 --> 00:47:30,241
conventional line tactics invented by the Prussians.
657
00:47:33,483 --> 00:47:36,077
Kolberg-now Polish Kolobzheg.
658
00:47:36,286 --> 00:47:38,481
The city was severely damaged
during World war II.
659
00:47:38,655 --> 00:47:41,852
But the cut coastline and the
rugged terrain are unchanged.
660
00:47:42,059 --> 00:47:45,460
And old mill, a river channel,
another one.
661
00:47:45,662 --> 00:47:47,562
On the other side of the bridge
- A quagmire and the woods.
662
00:47:47,764 --> 00:47:52,724
The final battle of that war
will be decided by maneuvering.
663
00:47:52,903 --> 00:47:56,600
Forthe first time in war history
the infantry doesn't

664
00:47:56,773 --> 00:48:00,334
fall in ranks, it is a
helter-skelter attack.
665
00:48:00,544 --> 00:48:04,173
Here, in Kolberg, the enemy saw
swift dragoon offensives,
666
00:48:04,348 --> 00:48:09,012
that brought the first fame to
lieutenant-colonel Suvorov.
667
00:48:29,773 --> 00:48:33,504
King Friedrich II after
the fall of Kolberg:
668
00:48:33,844 --> 00:48:38,804
'Prussia lies in agony, awaiting
the last rituals.
669
00:48:39,583 --> 00:48:43,815
On the day news of the seizure
of Kolberg was published
670
00:48:44,021 --> 00:48:46,785
in St. Petesburg, empress
Elizaveta passed away.
671
00:48:47,057 --> 00:48:50,993
In 10 days, when Friedrich had
already prepared his abdication
672
00:48:51,194 --> 00:48:53,287
papers, the new Russian emperor
Peter III
673
00:48:53,497 --> 00:48:57,797
sends him his written proposition
of friendship and cooperation.
674
00:48:58,001 --> 00:49:01,300
From the very beginning this war
was fought for Austrian
675
00:49:01,505 --> 00:49:06,169
interests, but the sudden outcome
made it altogether senseless.

676
00:49:09,479 --> 00:49:12,209
The well-known verdict to these
20 years was brought in
677
00:49:12,416 --> 00:49:15,544
the humorous book on Russian
history written by
678
00:49:15,752 --> 00:49:18,016
Alexei Tolstoy: 'Empress
Elizabeth was a jolly queen,
679
00:49:18,221 --> 00:49:24,285
'no order in the country. On dancing she was keen. '
680
00:49:24,494 --> 00:49:26,155
The reign of Elizaveta left
behind
681
00:49:26,363 --> 00:49:28,957
Rastrelli's palaces of unsurpassed
beauty,
682
00:49:29,166 --> 00:49:34,331
the empress's 15 thousand
dresses, and an empty treasury.
683
00:49:44,748 --> 00:49:47,148
To be followed in the next
episode by:
684
00:49:47,384 --> 00:49:50,751
The reign of Catherine II. Part I.
685
00:49:50,954 --> 00:49:54,412
The great empress from the
town of Cerbsta.
686
00:49:54,591 --> 00:49:59,392
Wife of madcap Petr Fedorovich.
Parades in the master bedroom.
687
00:49:59,629 --> 00:50:01,426
The Russian-Turkish wars.
688

00:50:01,598 --> 00:50:06,126

The national health resort.
Dreams of reviving Byzantine.
689
00:50:06,370 --> 00:50:09,533
Suvorov collects all 18
century war decorations.
690
00:50:09,706 --> 00:50:13,369
Favorites: Grigory Orlov the man and the jewel.
691
00:50:13,510 --> 00:50:16,070
Potemkin-head of the
administration.
692
00:50:16,246 --> 00:50:19,545
Vaccination against smallpox.
New fashion for potatoes.
693
00:50:19,750 --> 00:50:24,517
30 plays by Catherine.
The Pugachev uprising.
694
00:50:24,721 --> 00:50:27,656
The Russian Empire. On NTV.
695
00:50:27,858 --> 00:50:33,455
yeTBepTaR cepNR.
3aBTpa, 1-ro MapTa, B 19:55.
696
00:50:36,455 --> 00:50:40,455
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